考研考博-英语-山西戏剧职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西戏剧职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

IttookMikecourageand（）tolearntolivewithahandicapafterhewasinjuredinacaraccident.

问题1选项

A.endurance

B.tolerance

C.continuation

D.insistence

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项endurance“忍耐力;耐久力;”；B选项tolerance“忍受;容忍”；C选项continuation“继续;连续”；D选项insistence“坚决要求;坚持;固执”。句意：迈克在车祸中受伤后，他花了很大的勇气和耐力才学会在残疾的情况下生活。根据关键词“迈克在车祸中受伤后”可知A符合句意。

2.单选题

Atradegroupforliquorretailersputoutapressreleasewithanalarmingheadline:“MillionsofKidsBuyInternetAlcohol,LandmarkSurveyReveals.”

Theannouncement,fromtheWineandSpiritsWholesalersofAmericareceivedwidemediaattention.OnNBC’sTodayShow,LeaThompsonsaid,“Accordingtoanewonlinesurvey,onein10teenagershaveanunderagefriendwhohasorderedbeer,wineorliquorovertheinternet.Morethanathirdthinktheycaneasilydoitandnearlyhalfthinktheywon’tgetcaught.”Severalnewspapersmentionedthestudy,includingUSATodayandtheRecordofNewJersey.ThenewsevenmadeAustralia’sGoldCoastBulletin.

Aremillionsofkidsreallybuyingboozeonline?Toarriveatthatjarringheadline,thegroupusedsomequestionablelogictopumpupresultsfromasurveythatwasalreadytiltedinfavoroffindingalargenumberofonlinebuyer.

Forstarters,considerthesource.Thetradegroupthatcommissionedthesurveyhaslongfoughteffortstoexpandonlinesalesofalcohol;itsmembersarelocaldistributorswhocompetewithonlineliquorsellers.Someofthenewscoveragepointedoutthatconflictofinterest,thoughreportsdidn’tdelvemoredeeplyintohowthenumberswerecomputed.

TheWineandSpiritsWholesalersofAmericahiredTeenageResearchUnlimited,aresearchcompany,todesignthestudy.TeenageResearch,inturn,hiredSanDiegopollingfirmLuthResearchtoputthequestionsto1,001peoplebetweentheagesof14and20inanonlinesurvey.Luthgetspeopletoparticipateinitssurveysinpartbyadvertisingthemonlineandofferingsmallcashawards—typicallylessthan$5forshortsurveys.

Peoplewhoagreetoparticipateinonlinesurveysare,bydefinition,internetusers,somethingthatnotallteensare.(Also,peoplewhoactuallytakethetimetocompletesuchsurveysmaybemorelikelytobeactive,orheavyinternetusers.)It’ssafetosaythatkidswhousetheinternetregularlyaremorelikelytoshoponlinethanthosewhodon’t.TeenageResearchUnlimitedtoldmeitweightedthesurveyresultstoadjustforage,sex,ethnicityandgeographyofrespondents,buthadnowaytoadjustfordegreeofinternetusage.

Regardless,thesurveyfoundthat,afterweighting,just2.1pointsofthe1,001respondentsboughtalcoholonline—comparedwith56pointswhohadconsumedalcohol.MakingthequestionableassumptionthattheirsamplewasrepresentativeofallAmericansaged14to20withaccesstotheinternet—andnotjustthosewiththetimeandinclinationtoparticipateinonlinesurveys—theresearchersconcludedthat551,000werebuyingalcoholonline.

Butthatfallsfarshortofthereported“millionsofkids”.Tojustifythatheadline,thewholesalers’groupfocusedonanotherpartofthesurveythataskedrespondentsiftheyknewateenwhohadpurchasedalcoholonline.Some12pointssaidtheydid.Ofcourse,it’sridiculoustoextrapolatefromastatelikethat—onebuyercouldbeknownbymanypeople,andit’simpossibletomeasureoverlap.Considerahighschoolof1,000students,with20whohaveboughtboozeonlineand100whoknowaboutthepurchases.If100oftheschool’sstudentsaresurveyedatrandom,you’dexpecttofindtwowhohaveboughtand10whoknowsomeonewhohas—butthatstillrepresentsonlytwobuyers,not10.（Nottomentionthefactthatthinkingyouknowsomeonewhohasorderedbeeronlineisquitedifferentfromorderingasixpackyourself.）

KarenGravoisElliott,aspokeswomanforthewholesalers’group,toldme,“Thenumbersarereal,”butreferredquestionsaboutmethodologytoTeenageResearch.WhenIaskedheraboutthepotentialproblemsofconductingthesurveyonline,shesaidthemediumwasastrengthofthesurvey:“Wespecificallywantedtolookattheteenageonlinepopulation.”

NahmeChokeir,avicepresidentofclientserviceforSanDiego-basedLuthResearchInc.,toldmethatsomeofhisonlinepanelcomesfromwordofmouth,whichwouldn’tnecessarilyskewtowardheavyinternetusers.Headdedthatsomeclientsdesignsurveystoscreenrespondentsbyonlineusage,thoughTeenageResearchdidn’t.

IaskedMichaelWood,avicepresidentatTeenageResearchwhoworkedonthesurvey,whetheronecouldsay,astheliquortradegroupdid,thatmillionsofteenagershadboughtalcoholonline.“Youcan’t,”hereplied,adding,“Thisistheirpressrelease.”

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemessagethatthispassageistryingtoconvey?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatiswrongwiththereportaboutkidsbuyingalcohol?

3.Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“extrapolate”inparagraph8?

4.Bysaying“Tojustifythatheadline,thewholesalers'groupfocusedonanotherpartofthesurveythataskedrespondentsiftheyknewateenwhohadpurchasedalcoholonline”,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingismorelikelytobethesourceforproblemsinthissurvey?

问题1选项

A.Theseveresocialconsequencesofkidsbuyingalcoholonline.

B.ThehiddendrawbackoftheAmericaneducationalsystem.

C.Theinfluenceofwidecoverageofnewsmedia.

D.Theproblemsinstatisticmethodologyinsocialsurvey.

问题2选项

A.Itisunethicaltooffercashawardstosubjectsofsurvey.

B.Thenumbersinthisreportwerefalsified.

C.Thesamplesandstatisticmethodswerenotusedlogically.

D.Thestudydesignersandsurveyconductorswerebribed.

问题3选项

A.Conduct.

B.Infer.

C.Deduct.

D.Whittle.

问题4选项

A.itisabsurdtoconductasurveyamongteenagers

B.thewaysthewholesalers'groupconductedsurveysarestatisticallyquestionable

C.thiskindsofsurveyispreliminary,thereforeundependable

D.teenagersmightnotbehonestsincebuyingalcoholonlineisanindecentbehavior

问题5选项

A.Thissurveyistiltedinfavoroflocalalcoholdistributors,whohaveaconflictofinterestwithonlinesellers.

B.Thedatacollectionandanalysisarenotscientificandlogical.

C.SubjectsarenotsampledinarightwayandcannotrepresentthewholeAmericanteenagepopulation.

D.Thesurveyresultsareaffectedbygiftstosubjects,whichcanbemisleading.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:文章讲述了一家酒类零售商商会发布的一则新闻标题MillionsofKidsBuyInternetAlcohol,LandmarkSurveyReveals（兰德梅克调查发现，数百万的未成年人在网上买酒），指出该调查在统计方法上存在的一些问题，所以选项D符合题意。

第2题:文章第六段提到参加网上调查的人是网络用户，但是并不是所有的青少年都是这样（Peoplewhoagreetoparticipateinonlinesurveysare,bydefinition,internetusers,somethingthatnotallteensare）。此外，批发商商会询问被调查者们是否有熟人在网上购买过酒，大概百分之十二的人回答有。从这种统计数据中做出推论是很荒谬的，因为一位购买者能被很多人认识，而统计数字是不能重复计算的，因此存在抽样和统计方法方面的问题。选项C符合题意。

第3题:extrapolate这个单词出现在文章第八段Ofcourse,it’sridiculoustoextrapolatefromastatelikethat—onebuyercouldbeknownbymanypeople,andit’simpossibletomeasureoverlap，从第2题的分析中可以得出extrapolate是“推论，推断”的意思，四个选项中，选项B符合题意。conduct意为“引导，管理”；deduct意为“扣除，演绎”；whittle意为“削减，损害”。

第4题:文章提到假设受调查者代表了年龄在14到20岁使用网络的所有美国青少年——而不仅仅是因为有时间和兴趣参加网上调查的那些人，调查者得出结论有超过五十五万人在网上买酒。但是这个数字与报道中“数百万的未成年人”还是有很大差距的。为了证实那个标题，批发商商会又将注意力集中在调查的另一部分。也就是说作者对于这个调查结果是持怀疑态度的。选项B符合题意。

第5题:文章提到委托该项调查的商会一直反对扩大酒类的网上售卖，商会的成员是与网上酒类销售者竞争的批发商，一些新闻报道指出了这二者间的矛盾，所以选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlydeliverydidn’t（

）tothetrafficjamofthe

busycity.

问题1选项

A.aid

B.amount

C.add

D.attribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。aid“援助，帮助”；amount“总计，合计”；add“增加”；attribute“归属，把……归于”。句意：我们很高兴发现早发货并没有给繁忙的城市增添交通拥堵。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

（

）amongyoungpeopleisdifficulttoexpectorachieve.

问题1选项

A.Assurance

B.Probability

C.Reliance

D.Conformity

【答案】D

【解析】assurance保证,担保；probability可能性,机率；reliance信赖；conformity一致,符合。句意:很难指望或实现年轻人的服从。选项D符合句意。

5.单选题

We'llvisitEuropenextyear（）wehaveenoughmoney.

问题1选项

A.lest

B.provided

C.unless

D.until

【答案】B

【解析】副词辨析题。A选项lest“唯恐，以免”；B选项provided“倘若，假如”；C选项unless“除非”；D选项until“直到...”。句意：如果我们有足够的钱，明年我们就去欧洲。选项B符合句意。

6.单选题

Onemoretry,（

）youwillsucceed.

问题1选项

A.or

B.but

C.so

D.and

【答案】D

【解析】考查逻辑连词。or表示选择关系，but表转折关系，so常用来连接表示因果关系的句子，and表示并列关系。此句中前后句为并列顺延的关系。句意：再试一次，你就会成功。故D项正确。

7.翻译题

TheclimateofAustraliavariesgreatlyfromregiontoregion,withatropicalclimateinthenorth,anaridorsemiaridclimateinmuchoftheinterior,andatemperateclimateinthesouth.Despitethesevariations,themoderatinginfluenceofthesurroundingoceansandtheabsenceofextensivehighmountainrangeshelppreventmarkedextremesofweather.However,someareasoccasionallyexperienceextremeweatherconditions,suchastropicalcyclones,tornadoes,andseveredrought.

BecauseAustraliaisintheSouthernHemisphere,itsseasonsarethereverseofthoseintheNorthernHemisphere.Seasonalvariations,onthewhole,aresmall.Generally,coastalandhighlandareas,especiallyinthesoutheast,arecoolerthaninteriorlocations,andthenorth,particularlythenorthwesterncoast,isthehottestregion.ThetemperateregionsofsouthernAustraliahavefourseasons,withcoolwintersandwarmsummers.

【答案】澳大利亚的气候因地区而异，北部为热带气候，内陆大部分地区为干旱或半干旱气候，南部为温和气候。尽管有这些变化，但周围海洋的缓和影响和没有广泛的高山山脉有助于防止明显的极端天气。然而，一些地区偶尔会经历极端天气条件，如热带气旋、龙卷风和严重干旱。

因为澳大利亚在南半球，它的季节与北半球相反。总的来说，季节变化很小。一般来说，沿海和高原地区，尤其是东南部，比内陆地区凉爽，而北部，尤其是西北海岸，是最热的地区。澳大利亚南部的温带地区四季分明，冬冷夏暖。

8.单选题

V.CivilandCommercialLaw

Earlyinthe20thcentury,NewZealandadoptedanationalno-faultworkerscompensationscheme,replacingtortlawforindustrialaccidentswhileleavingtherestofitintact.Italsomandatedtortliabilityinsuranceagainstautoaccidents.Duringthe1960s,NewZealandestablishedaroyalcommissiontoexplorepossiblereformstoitsworkerscompensationsystem.Assometimesoccurswithsuchbodies,itdecidednottobelimitedbyitsremitbutproceededinsteadtoreviewthetortsystemmoregenerally.

In1967,thecommissionpublishedtheWoodhouseReport(namedafterthejusticewholedtheeffort).Itseverelycriticizedthefault-basedtortsystem’s“falsemorality,”unpredictabledamageawards,andhightransactioncosts(amountingtoover40%ofthetotalsystemcosts,muchlowerthanthecomparablecostsinU.S.asbestoslitigationfirstlaunchedataroundthesametime).Inplaceoftort,theReportproposedacomprehensiveno-faultcompensationschemeforpersonalinjuriesgenerally(notjustworkplaceaccidents),onethatithopedwouldbedesignedtoprovidewagelossbenefitsroughlymatchingpre-injuryearningsandadditionalbenefitsforpermanentbodilyimpairment,whilealsopromotingaccidentprevention,victimrehabilitation,andadministrativeefficiency.

In1972,theNationalPartygovernment,whoseJusticeandLabourministrieshadbeenactivelypromotingthecommissionandtheWoodhouseReport,pushedthroughtheAccidentCompensationAct.Itenjoyedbipartisansupportandpassedquiteeasily-afactthatwillastonishanyAmericanlawyerobservingtheendlessstrugglesovereventhemildesttortreformsintheU.S.Amendedin1973bythenewLabourgovernmenttoincludeaccidentstonon-wageearners,theActwentintoeffectinApril1974.

Evenmoresurprising,thepublicdidnotdemandthenewsystem.Instead,accordingtoGeoffreyPalmer,itwasthehandiworkofasmallgroupofdedicatedreformersledbyinfluentialandprestigiousjudges.Successwasassuredwhenthemajorgroupsopposingthereform—theinsuranceindustry,thebar,andlaborunions—turnedouttobepoliticallyweakandfragmented.ThenewsystemwasnotthecomprehensiveabolitionoftortthattheWoodhouseReporthadproposed.Rather,itlimitedno-faultcoveragetomotorvehicle-relatedinjuriesandtowage-earners’injuries(whetherworkrelatedornot).Butthegovernmentsubsequentlyexpandedthesystemtocovervirtuallyallaccidentalinjuriesandtoconferverybroadbenefitsforvictims.NewZealanderstodaygenerallyregardtheirsystem(somedisputeddetailsaside)asamainstayoftheirsocialpolicy.

67.Accordingtothe1stparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementaboutthecommissionisNOTtrue?

68.TheWoodhouseReportcontainedthefollowingBUT___.

69.WhichstatementabouttheAccidentCompensationActistrue?

70.TheNewZealandersattitudetowardsthenewtortsystemwas___.

问题1选项

A.Itwasestablishedin1960.

B.Itwasauthorizedtoexplorepossiblereformstotheworkerscompensationsystem.

C.Itdecidedtoreviewthetortsystemmoregenerally.

D.Itwasaroyalcommission.

问题2选项

A.criticizingthefault-basedtortsystem’s“falsemorality”

B.propositionaboutacomprehensiveno-faultcompensationscheme

C.accidentprevention

D.muchlowercoststhanthecomparablecostsinU.S.

问题3选项

A.ItbecameeffectiveinApril1973.

B.TheNationalPartygovernmentwasagainsttheAct.

C.TheJusticeandLabourministriesactivelypromotedtheAct.

D.TheActwasamendedin1973beforeitbecameeffective.

问题4选项

A.supportivefromtheverybeginning

B.representedbyasmallgroupofdedicatedreformers

C.firstunconcerned,thenbecameproudofit

D.representedbytheinsuranceindustry,thebar,andlaborunions

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】67.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“thecommission”定位到原文第一段Duringthe1960s,NewZealandestablishedaroyalcommissiontoexplorepossiblereformstoitsworkerscompensationsystem.（20世纪60年代，新西兰成立了一个皇家委员会，探讨对其工人薪酬制度可能进行的改革）可知这个皇家委员会是在20世纪60年代（指1960~1969）成立，无法判断是否成立于1960年，A选项“它成立于1960年”陈述和原文不符，B选项“它被授权探索对工人补偿制度进行可能的改革”以及D选项“这是一个皇家委员会”符合原文；第一段Assometimesoccurswithsuchbodies,itdecidednottobelimitedbyitsremitbutproceededinsteadtoreviewthetortsystemmoregenerally.（正如这些机构有时会发生的那样，它决定不受其职权范围的限制，而是更广泛地审查侵权制度）可知C选项“它决定更广泛地审查侵权制度”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

68.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“TheWoodhouseReport”定位到原文第二段amountingtoover40%ofthetotalsystemcosts,muchlowerthanthecomparablecostsinU.S.asbestoslitigationfirstlaunchedataroundthesametime（相当于总制度成本的40%以上，远低于美国石棉诉讼中的可比成本）可知D选项“比美国的可比成本低得多”所提到的范围比原文所提及的“远低于美国石棉诉讼中的可比成本”大得多，D选项对比原文有误；第二段Itseverelycriticizedthefault-basedtortsystem’s“falsemorality,”（它严厉批评了基于过错的侵权制度的“虚假道德”）可知A选项“批评基于过错的侵权制度的‘虚假道德’”符合原文；第二段Inplaceoftort,theReportproposedacomprehensiveno-faultcompensationschemeforpersonalinjuriesgenerally…whilealsopromotingaccidentprevention…（报告提出了一个全面的人身伤害无过错赔偿计划……同时也促进了事故预防……）可知B选项“关于全面无故障补偿方案的提议”和C选项“事故预防”符合原文。因此D选项符合题意。

69.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第三段In1972,theNationalPartygovernment,whoseJusticeandLabourministrieshadbeenactivelypromotingthecommissionandtheWoodhouseReport,pushedthroughtheAccidentCompensationAct.（1972年，国家党政府，其司法部和劳动部一直在积极推动委员会和伍德豪斯报告，推动通过了事故赔偿法）可知C选项“司法部和劳工部积极推动该法”符合原文，同时可知B选项“国家党政府反对该法案”和原文相悖；第三段Amendedin1973bythenewLabourgovernmenttoincludeaccidentstonon-wageearners,theActwentintoeffectinApril1974（新工党政府于1973年修订了这项法案，将事故纳入非工薪阶层，该法案于1974年4月生效）可知法案生效于1974年4月，A选项“1973年4月生效”和D选项“该法案在1973年生效前进行了修正”错误。因此C选项符合题意。

70.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“TheNewZealanders”定位到原文第四段Evenmoresurprising,thepublicdidnotdemandthenewsystem.（更令人惊讶的是，公众并没有要求新系统）可知新西兰人最开始并没有支持新的侵权制度，而是不关心，A选项“从一开始就支持”不符合原文，结合第四段最后一句NewZealanderstodaygenerallyregardtheirsystem(somedisputeddetailsaside)asamainstayoftheirsocialpolicy.（今天的新西兰人普遍认为他们的制度（撇开一些有争议的细节不谈）是他们社会政策的支柱）可知起初不关心的新西兰人们现在觉得自豪，选C选项“起初不关心，后来变得自豪”；第四段Instead,accordingtoGeoffreyPalmer,itwasthehandiworkofasmallgroupofdedicatedreformersledbyinfluentialandprestigiousjudges.（相反，据杰弗里帕尔默说，这是一个由有影响力和声望的法官领导的致力于改革的小团体的杰作）可知B选项“由一小群献身的改革者代表”并不是新西兰民众的态度，原文只是说明这个制度是由有影响力和声望的法官领导的致力于改革的小团体的杰作；第四段Successwasassuredwhenthemajorgroupsopposingthereform—theinsuranceindustry,thebar,andlaborunions—turnedouttobepoliticallyweakandfragmented.（当反对改革的主要团体——保险业、律师协会和工会——在政治上变得软弱和支离破碎时，改革取得了成功）可知保险业、律师协会和工会是反对改革的主要群体，并不是新西兰人对新的侵权制度的态度，也不能算新西兰人对这一制度的代表态度，D选项“以保险行业、律师和工会为代表”错误。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality;photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart:lateinthetwentiethcenturyanambivalentrelationexistsbecauseofthemodernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentrationonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPopduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalmodernistpaintingthatisabstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,CandinskyandMatissepresupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart,photography,likePoppainting,andreassuresviewersthatartisnothard:photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographisadistinctiveandexaltedactivityinshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinthesecondparagraph？(Thesentenceinitalics.)

3.TheauthorintroducesAbstractExpressionistpainters(inthethirdparagraph)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thenineteenth——centurydefendersofphotographymentionedinthepassagestressedthatphotographywas（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

6.Accordingtothepassage,certainseriouscontemporaryphotographersexpresslymakewhichofthefollowingclaimsabouttheirphotographs?

7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）

问题1选项

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury

C.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

问题2选项

A.paradoxical

B.mechanical

C.superficial

D.dramatic

问题3选项

A.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart

B.callattentiontoartistswhoseworksoftenbearaphysicalresemblancetotheworksofseriouscontemporaryphotographers

C.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters

D.provideacontrasttoPopartistsandotherswhocreatedworksthatexemplifytheModernistheritageinart

问题4选项

A.ameansofmakingpeoplefamiliarwithremotelocalesandunfamiliarthings

B.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity

C.adeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially

D.anartcomparabletopainting

问题5选项

A.Thephotographers’beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrendersoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision

B.Thephotographers’fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic

C.TheinfluenceofAbstractExpressionistpaintingandPopArtonthesubjectmatterofthemodemphotograph

D.Thephotographers’beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined

问题6选项

A.Theirphotographscouldbecreatedbyalmostanyonewhohadacameraandthetimetodevotetotheactivity.

B.Theirphotographsarenotexamplesofartbutareexamplesofthephotographers’impartialobservationoftheworld.

C.Theirphotographsareimportantbecauseoftheirsubjectsbutnotbecauseoftheresponsestheyevokeinviewers.

D.Theirphotographsexhibitthesameagelessprinciplesofformandshadingthathavebeenusedinpainting

问题7选项

A.contemporaryartthatisstrugglingtobeacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutnomeansanart

C.mechanicalcopyingofreality

D.modemartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingalmsofart

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:B

第7题:A

【解析】1.文章主旨题。A选项‘界定现代主义者对艺术的态度‘、B选项’解释摄影是如何作为美术出现的‘和D选项’界定当代严肃摄影家对待他们艺术所具有的各种观点，并评定每种观点的价值‘这三项只是文内提到的某些方面，不是主要的。C选项’说明当代严肃的摄影家对摄影作为艺术的态度，并把他们这些态度放在历史的进程来观察‘符合题意。

2.作者观点题。根据文章第二段showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.显示出他们对现代主义胜利强加给他们的艺术概念的想当然程度:艺术越好，它对传统艺术目标的颠覆性就越大。所以该题作者表达的观点是矛盾的，A选项“矛盾的”符合题意。B“机械的”，C“肤浅的”和D“戏剧性的”与文章不符，排除。

3.语义理解题。作者列举这样艺术家的例子，他们像当代严肃的摄影家一样抛弃了传统的被接受的现代艺术目的。文章第三段第二句提到“例如,那些假设的摄影师,通过拍照,他们越来越远离以绘画艺术的自命不凡提醒我们的抽象表现主义画家想象他们摆脱古典现代主义绘画的知识紧缩浓度的身体行为绘画。”所以A选项‘提供一个艺术家的例子，他们像严肃的当代摄影师一样，否认传统上接受的现代艺术目标‘正确。B、C、D选项与题意不相符，排除。

4.细节判断题。根据文中第一段最后一句‘Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.有人指责摄影是没有灵魂的、机械地复制现实，摄影师们反驳说，摄影是一种特殊的观看方式，是对普通视觉的反抗，和绘画一样有艺术价值。’确定D选项符合题意。

5.细节判断题。根据文章第二段末尾提到‘Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.那些重要摄影师不再愿意辩论是否或不是艺术摄影,除了宣称自己的工作不涉及艺术,显示在多大程度上他们只是理所当然的概念艺术由现代主义的胜利:艺术、越好越颠覆传统的艺术目标。’确定D选项符合题意。

6.细节判断题。文章第二段第二句提到“Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.严肃的摄影师们声称自己在寻找、记录、公正地观察、见证事件、探索自我——但绝不是在创作艺术作品。”所以B选项‘他们的照片不是艺术的例子，而是摄影师公正地观察世界的例子。’最符合。A，B，C项文章没有提及。

7.作者观点题。B选项“一项只讲究细致而不讲究艺术的工艺”和C选项“复制现实的机械”与作者观点相悖，排除，D项描述是现代摄影的现状，排除。所以A选项正确。

10.单选题

Manyofthescientistsandengineersarejudged（）howgreattheirachievementsare.

问题1选项

A.inspiteof

B.inwaysof

C.infavorof

D.intermsof

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。inspiteof尽管；infavorof有利于，支持；intermsof依据，按照，在…方面。许多科学家和工程师从他们所取得的成就来被评价，只有D项符合题意。

11.单选题

A（

）examinationisonewhichisinpreparationforsomething.

问题1选项

A.predominant

B.premature

C.preferable

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。predominant“主要的，卓越的”；premature“早产的，不成熟的”；preferable“更好的，更可取的”；preliminary“初步的，开始的，预备的”。

句意：初试是为某事做准备的一种考试。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

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