考研考博-英语-四川汽车职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川汽车职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwellbutifyou（）,youwillsucceedintheend.

问题1选项

A.hangup

B.hangabout

C.hangon

D.hangonto

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。选项A：hangup“挂断电话，搁置”;选项B：hangabout“徘徊，闲荡”;选项C:hangon“坚持下去，不挂断，握住不放”;选项C：hangonto“依附，继续保留，紧紧抓住”。句意：学好英语并不容易，但如果你坚持下去，你最终会成功的。根据句意可知，选项C更符合题意，正确。

2.单选题

Hewasthekingoffarceandthemostinfluentialneoclassicalplaywright.Hischaracterswereusedto（）realpeople,andhewasinterestedinshowingtherealityofhumanweaknessasmuchaspossible.

问题1选项

A.depict

B.ridicule

C.amuse

D.imitate

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。depict“描述”；ridicule“嘲笑”；amuse“娱乐”；imitate“模仿”。句意：他是喜剧之王，也是最具影响力的新古典主义剧作家。他的剧中人物都用来描述真正的人物，并且他对尽可能展现人性的弱点充满兴趣。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Tosavemoneyformyeducation,motheroftentookonmoreworkthan（

）forher.

问题1选项

A.itwasgood

B.whatwasgood

C.wasgood

D.beinggood

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词性从句,than后面接名词或者名词性从句,只有B项符合。

4.单选题

Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemost（

）areasinJapaneselife.

问题1选项

A.sophisticated

B.competitive

C.considerate

D.superficial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。sophisticated“久经世故的；复杂的”；competitive“有竞争力的”；considerate“体贴的”；superficial“肤浅的”。句意：因为有一个好的大学文凭就能找到一个更好的工作，所以教育是日本生活中最具有竞争力的领域之一。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen（

）inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmancancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.

问题1选项

A.gliding

B.cruising

C.piloting

D.patrolling

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词（ing形式）词义辨析。Gliding“滑动，掠过”；cruising“航行（海上）”；piloting“航行（空中）”；patrolling“巡逻，巡查”。句意：卫星通讯是如此与时俱进以致于商人们即使在太平洋上航行都可以与办公室职员联系，就如同他们就在隔壁。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Thesheerdiversityoftropicalplantsrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilize.

问题1选项

A.exploited

B.quantifiable

C.controversial

D.inexhaustible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:exploited“开采；利用”；B:quantifiable“可以计量的”；C:controversial“有争议的”；D:inexhaustible“无穷无尽的”。句意：热带植物绝对的多样性似乎表明有无穷无尽的原材料资源，而这些原材料只有小部分被使用。根据语境和句意可知D最合适。

7.单选题

测试用试题，请勿组到其他试卷中，过会就会删掉111

问题1选项

A.2

B.3

C.4

D.5

E.6

【答案】C

【解析】第1题:

测试解析

8.单选题

Twodivergentdefinitionshavedominatedsociologists’discussionsofthenatureofethnicity.Thefirstemphasizestheprimordialandunchangingcharacterofethnicity.Inthisview,peoplehaveanessentialneedforbelongingthatissatisfiedbymembershipingroupsbasedonsharedancestryandculture.Adifferentconceptionofethnicityde-emphasizestheculturalcomponentanddefinesethnicgroupsasinterestgroups.Inthisview,ethnicityservesasawayofmobilizingacertainpopulationbehindissuesrelatingtoitseconomicposition.Whilebothofthesedefinitionsareuseful,neitherfullycapturesthedynamicandchangingaspectsofethnicityintheUnitedStates.

Rather,ethnicityismoresatisfactorilyconceivedofasaprocessinwhichpreexistingcommunalbondsandcommonculturalattributesareadaptedforinstrumentalpurposesaccordingtochangingreal-lifesituations.

OneexampleofthisprocessistheriseofparticipationbyNativeAmericanpeopleinthebroaderUnitedStatespoliticalsystemsincetheCivilRightsmovementofthe1960’s.BesidesleadingNativeAmericanstoparticipatemoreactivelyinpolitics(thenumberofNativeAmericanlegislativeofficeholdersmorethandoubled),thismovementalsoevokedincreasedinterestintribalhistoryandtraditionalculture.Culturalandinstrumentalcomponentsofethnicityarenotmutuallyexclusive,butratherreinforceoneanother.

TheCivilRightsmovementalsobroughtchangesintheusestowhichethnicitywasputbyMexicanAmericanpeople.Inthe1960’s,MexicanAmericansformedcommunity-basedpoliticalgroupsthatemphasizedancestralheritageasawayofmobilizingconstituents.SuchemergingissuesasimmigrationandvotingrightsgaveMexicanAmericanadvocacygroupsthemeansbywhichtopromoteethnicsolidarity.LikeEuropeanethnicgroupsinthenineteenth-centuryUnitedStates,late-twentieth-centuryMexicanAmericanleaderscombinedethnicwithcontemporarycivicsymbols.In1968HenryCensors,thenmayorofSanAntonio,Texas,citedMexicanleaderBenitoJuarezasamodelforMexicanAmericansintheirfightforcontemporarycivilrights.Andeveryyear,MexicanAmericanscelebrateCincodeMayoasferventlyasmanyIrishAmericanpeopleembraceSt.Patrick’sDay(botharemajorholidaysinthecountriesoforigin),withbothholidayshavingbeenreinventedinthecontextoftheUnitedStatesandlinkedtoideals,symbols,andheroesoftheUnitedStates.

46.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Whichisthefollowingstatementsaboutthefirsttwodefinitionsofethnicitydiscussedinthefirstparagraphissupportedbythepassage?

48.TheauthorofthepassagereferstoNativeAmericanpeopleinthesecondparagraphinordertoprovideanexampleof____.

49.ThepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheMexicanAmericancommunity?

50.Whichofthefollowingtypesofethnicculturalexpressionisdiscussedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Intheirdefinitionsofthenatureofethnicity,sociologistshaveunderestimatedthepoweroftheprimordialhumanneedtobelong.

B.Ethnicityisbestdefinedasadynamicprocessthatcombinesculturalcomponentswithsharedpoliticalandeconomicinterests.

C.IntheUnitedStatesinthetwentiethcentury,ethnicgroupshavebeguntoorganizeinordertofurthertheirpoliticalandeconomicinterests.

D.EthnicityintheUnitedStateshasbeensignificantlychangedbytheCivilRightsmovement.

问题2选项

A.Oneissupportedprimarilybysociologists,andtheotherisfavoredbymembersofethnicgroups.

B.Oneemphasizesthepoliticalaspectsofethnicity,andtheotherfocusesontheeconomicaspects.

C.OneistheresultofanalysisofUnitedStatespopulations,andtheotheristheresultofanalysisofEuropeanpopulations.

D.Onefocusesmoreontheancestralcomponentsofethnicitythandoestheother.

问题3选项

A.theabilityofmembershipingroupsbasedonsharedancestryandculturetosatisfyanessentialhumanneed.

B.howethnicfeelingshavebothmotivatedandbeenstrengthenedbypoliticalactivity.

C.howtheCivilRightsmovementcanhelppromotesolidarityamongUnitedStatesethnicgroups.

D.howparticipationinthepoliticalsystemhashelpedtoimproveagroup’seconomicsituation.

问题4选项

A.Inthe1960’stheMexicanAmericancommunitybegantoincorporatethecustomsofanotherethnicgroupintheUnitedStatesintotheobservationofitsownethnicholidays.

B.Inthe1960’sMexicanAmericancommunitygroupspromotedethnicsolidarityprimarilyinordertoeffecteconomicchange.

C.Inthe1960’sleaderoftheMexicanAmericancommunityconcentratedtheireffortsonpromotingarenaissanceofethnichistoryandculture

D.Inthe1960’smembersoftheMexicanAmericancommunitywerebecomingincreasinglyconcernedabouttheissueofvotingrights.

问题5选项

A.Theretellingoftraditionalnarratives

B.Thewearingoftraditionalclothing

C.Theplayingoftraditionalmusic

D.Thecelebrationoftraditionalholidays

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】46.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一段最后一句Whilebothofthesedefinitionsareuseful,neitherfullycapturesthedynamicandchangingaspectsofethnicityintheUnitedStates.（虽然这两种定义都是有用的，但都不能完全抓住美国种族的动态和变化的方面）引出两种定义的不足之处，第二段Rather,ethnicityismoresatisfactorilyconceivedofasaprocessinwhichpreexistingcommunalbondsandcommonculturalattributesareadaptedforinstrumentalpurposesaccordingtochangingreal-lifesituations.（相反，种族更令人满意地被设想为一个过程，在这个过程中，根据不断变化的现实生活情况，将先前存在的社区纽带和共同的文化属性调整为工具性目的）作者给出更完善的定义，第三段第四段都在举例说明该定义，选B选项“族裔最好定义为将文化成分与共同的政治和经济利益结合起来的动态过程”；A选项“在他们对种族本质的定义中，社会学家低估了原始人类需要归属感的力量”和原文不符；C选项“在20世纪的美国，少数民族开始团结起来，以促进他们的政治和经济利益”和D选项“民权运动显著改变了美国的种族”仅是第三段的内容，以偏概全。因此B选项正确。

47.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Thefirstemphasizestheprimordialandunchangingcharacterofethnicity.Inthisview,peoplehaveanessentialneedforbelongingthatissatisfiedbymembershipingroupsbasedonsharedancestryandculture.Adifferentconceptionofethnicityde-emphasizestheculturalcomponent…（第一种观点强调了种族的原始和不变的特性。按照这种观点，人们对归属感有一种基本的需求，这种需求由基于共同祖先和文化的群体成员身份来满足。一种不同的种族概念淡化了文化成分……）可知选D选项“更注重种族的祖先组成部分”；A选项“一种观点主要得到社会学家的支持，另一种观点则受到少数民族成员的青睐”，B选项“一个强调种族的政治方面，另一个强调经济方面”以及C选项“一个是美国人口分析的结果，另一个是欧洲人口分析的结果”都和第一段不符。因此D选项正确。

48.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段OneexampleofthisprocessistheriseofparticipationbyNativeAmericanpeopleinthebroaderUnitedStatespoliticalsystemsincetheCivilRightsmovementofthe1960’s…Culturalandinstrumentalcomponentsofethnicityarenotmutuallyexclusive,butratherreinforceoneanother.（关于这一进程的一个例子是，自20世纪60年代民权运动以来，美国原住民对更广泛的美国政治体系的参与有所增加……族裔的文化和工具因素不是相互排斥的，而是相互加强的），根据上下文可知这里提到的“工具因素”包括前文所说的“美国原住民对更广泛的美国政治体系的参与有所增加”这一政治活动，选B选项“种族情感是如何被政治活动激发和加强的”；A选项“基于共同祖先和文化的群体成员满足人类基本需求的能力”，C选项“民权运动如何有助于促进美国少数民族的团结”以及D选项“政治体制的参与如何帮助改善了一个群体的经济状况”第三段未涉及，排除。因此B选项正确。

49.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“MexicanAmericancommunity”定位到原文最后一段Inthe1960’s,MexicanAmericansformedcommunity-basedpoliticalgroupsthatemphasizedancestralheritageasawayofmobilizingconstituents.SuchemergingissuesasimmigrationandvotingrightsgaveMexicanAmericanadvocacygroupsthemeansbywhichtopromoteethnicsolidarity.（20世纪60年代，墨西哥裔美国人成立了以社区为基础的政治团体，强调祖先遗产是动员选民的一种方式。移民和投票权等新出现的问题为墨西哥裔美国维权团体提供了促进种族团结的手段）可知墨西哥裔美国人越来越关心投票权，选D选项“20世纪60年代，墨西哥裔美国人越来越关心投票权问题”；原文最后一段最后一句Andeveryyear,MexicanAmericanscelebrateCincodeMayoasferventlyasmanyIrishAmericanpeopleembraceSt.Patrick’sDay(botharemajorholidaysinthecountriesoforigin),withbothholidayshavingbeenreinventedinthecontextoftheUnitedStatesandlinkedtoideals,symbols,andheroesoftheUnitedStates.（每年，墨西哥裔美国人都会像许多爱尔兰裔美国人一样热烈庆祝圣帕特里克节（这两个节日都是原籍国的重要节日），因为这两个节日都是在美国的背景下重新创造的，与美国的理想、象征和英雄联系在一起）可知墨西哥裔美国人并不是开始将美国另一个族裔的风俗纳入到庆祝自己民族节日的活动中，而是开始庆祝在美国的背景下重新创造的，与美国的理想、象征和英雄联系在一起的节日，所以A选项“20世纪60年代，墨西哥裔美国人开始将美国另一个族裔的风俗纳入到庆祝自己民族节日的活动中”不符合原文，排除；B选项“20世纪60年代，墨西哥裔美国人社区组织促进种族团结，主要是为了实现经济变革”和C选项“20世纪60年代，墨西哥裔美国人社区的领导人集中精力推动种族历史和文化的复兴”原文未涉及，排除。因此D选项符合题意。

50.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干“本文讨论了下列哪一种民族文化表达？”可知要在原文中找和民族文化表达相对应的内容，文章中最后一段提到Andeveryyear,MexicanAmericanscelebrateCincodeMayoasferventlyasmanyIrishAmericanpeopleembraceSt.Patrick’sDay(botharemajorholidaysinthecountriesoforigin),withbothholidayshavingbeenreinventedinthecontextoftheUnitedStatesandlinkedtoideals,symbols,andheroesoftheUnitedStates.（每年，墨西哥裔美国人都会像许多爱尔兰裔美国人一样热烈庆祝圣帕特里克节（这两个节日都是原籍国的重要节日），因为这两个节日都是在美国的背景下重新创造的，与美国的理想、象征和英雄联系在一起）墨西哥裔美国人庆祝庆祝圣帕特里克节的内容，属于庆祝传统节日，选D选项“庆祝传统节日”；A选项“传统叙事的复述”，B选项“传统服装的穿着”以及C选项“传统音乐的演奏”原文未涉及，排除。因此D选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Thereareseveral（

）betweentheoriginalestimatesofthecostandtheactualbills.

问题1选项

A.exaggerations

B.discrepancies

C.breakthroughs

D.compliances

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。exaggerations夸张，夸大；discrepancies偏差，差异；breakthroughs突破；compliances服从，听从。句意：在最初的支出预算和实际账单之间有一些偏差。根据theoriginalestimatesofthecostandtheactualbills可知，这两者之间的关系只可能是有偏差，答案B

10.单选题

=Heknewthathewouldbepunishedseverelybecauseofhisseriouserror.Thereforehe（

）

awaythedaybeforeyesterday.

问题1选项

A.cautioned

B.fled

C.chattered

D.civilized

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。句意:他知道自己犯了很严重的错误，会受到严厉的责罚，因此，他前天就逃了。

fleeaway逃离。

11.单选题

1.（

）

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

2.（

）

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

3.（

）

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

4.（

）

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

5.（

）

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.

6.（

）

AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.

问题1选项

A.Theprobableeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreement

B.Theenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarming

C.Fanningandsoilerosion

D.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountries

E.Governmentsandmanagementoftheenvironment

F.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountries

G.Farmingandfoodoutput

H.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyonfoodoutput

I.Thenewprospectsforworldtrade

问题2选项

A.Theprobableeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreement

B.Theenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarming

C.Fanningandsoilerosion

D.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountries

E.Governmentsandmanagementoftheenvironment

F.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountries

G.Farmingandfoodoutput

H.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyonfoodoutput

I.Thenewprospectsforworldtrade

问题3选项

A.Theprobableeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreement

B.Theenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarming

C.Fanningandsoilerosion

D.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountries

E.Governmentsandmanagementoftheenvironment

F.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountries

G.Farmingandfoodoutput

H.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyonfoodoutput

I.Thenewprospectsforworldtrade

问题4选项

A.Theprobableeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreement

B.Theenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarming

C.Fanningandsoilerosion

D.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountries

E.Governmentsandmanagementoftheenvironment

F.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountries

G.Farmingandfoodoutput

H.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyonfoodoutput

I.Thenewprospectsforworldtrade

问题5选项

A.Theprobableeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreement

B.Theenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarming

C.Fanningandsoilerosion

D.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountries

E.Governmentsandmanagementoftheenvironment

F.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountries

G.Farmingandfoodoutput

H.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyonfoodoutput

I.Thenewprospectsforworldtrade

问题6选项

A.Theprobableeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreement

B.Theenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarming

C.Fanningandsoilerosion

D.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountries

E.Governmentsandmanagementoftheenvironment

F.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountries

G.Farmingandfoodoutput

H.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyonfoodoutput

I.Thenewprospectsforworldtrade

【答案】第1题:E

第2题:G

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:F

第6题:A

【解析】1.根据SectionA第一句，“Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.”，政府在环境管理方面发挥的作用是困难的，但是不可避免的。本句为A段的中心句，可判断出主要提到的内容是政府和环境管理。选项Ⅴ符合题意。

2.根据SectionB第一句，“Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.”，农业活动对地球表面的影响最大，可知本段的内容与农业相关。根据下文，“Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetween…”，可知对粮食产量进行了讨论。可判断出本段的主要内容为农业和粮食产量。选项Ⅶ符合题意。

3.根据SectionC第一句，“Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.”，所有的这些农业活动都对环境带来有害影响。此句为段落中心句，可判断出本段内容为现代农业对环境的影响。选项Ⅱ符合题意。

4.根据SectionD第一句，“Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.”，政府的政策经常加剧农业可能造成的环境破坏。此句为本段的中心句，可判断出本段的主要内容与政府的政策相关。紧接着下文intherichcountries，主要提到在富裕的国家，政府的政策对环境的影响，与下一段的inpoorcountries形成对应关系。可判断出本段的主题为在富裕国家中，政府政策的影响。选项IV符合题意。

5.根据SectionE第一句，“Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.”，可知本段主要提到在贫穷国家，政府的政策带来的影响和伤害。与D段的richcountries构成了对应关系，分别对贫穷国家和富有国家中，政府政策对环境的影响进行了阐述。选项Ⅵ符合题意。

6.根据SectionF第一句，“AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.”，可指本段主要内容与乌拉圭回合世界贸易谈判相关，下文提到了相关决定给环境带来的影响。可推断出本段的主要内容为新国际贸易协定可能产生的影响。选项I符合题意。

12.单选题

（）theadvancesofthescience,thediscomfortsofoldagewillnodoubtalwaysbewithus.

问题1选项

A.Asfor

B.Despite

C.Except

D.Besides

【答案】B

【解析】句意:尽管科学在不断发展，老年时期的不安感仍然未被消除。

考查介词辨析。句子前半部分表示:科学在不断发展，后半部分表示:老年时期的不安感仍然未被消除。因此前后部分为让步关系，答案为B项。

13.单选题

Theareaaroundthemainrailroadstationandexhibitionhalloffersan（）combinationofancienthistoryandnaturalhistory.

问题1选项

A.arrogant

B.agreeable

C.ambitious

D.innocent

【答案】B

【解析】arrogant自大的,傲慢的；agreeable令人愉快的,和蔼可亲的；ambitious野心勃勃的；innocent无知的。句意：主火车站和展览馆周围的区域呈现出古代历史和自然历史的完美结合。根据句意这里应填入的为褒义词,所以选项B符合语境。

14.单选题

（）isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

问题1选项

A.What

B.That

C.It

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查as的用法。as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，意为“如……一样，像……一样”等；as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面。句意：人们普遍认为，经济的增长取决于生产的顺利发展。因此D选项正确。

15.翻译题

在学问上打下坚实的基础将使你终生受益。在学习的初级阶段，学校所有科目中最重要的是语言和数学。语言是阅读和交流的工具，中文不好，你就不能很好地表达自己；没有很好的掌握一门外语，你就会发现很难吸收外国的新知识。数学能训练人的逻辑思维。其他学科也各有用处，很难说哪一门更重要。比如，体育和音乐教育对于促进人的智力发展同样是重要的。

Thefirstbeginningsofthetheorymaybepromptedbycasualobservationandexperience.Inthesefirstprobestowardtheory,descriptionoffactsmakesupmostshareoftheeffort.Increasingsophisticationandrigorleadstoagrowingconcernwithtestingtentativetheoriesusingcarefullyselecteddataandavarietyofstatisticaltechniques.Intheselaterdevelopments,thesubjectmatterofadisciplinebecomesincreasinglytheoreticalanddeductive,ratherthanempiricalanddescriptive.

【答案】Layingasolidfoundationforstudywillworkforallyourlife.Intherudimentarystageoflearning,themostimportantsubjectsinschooleducationarelanguageandMathematics.Languageisatoolforreadingandcommunication.Ifyouarepoorinyourmotherlanguage,youcannotexpressyourselfwell.Andyouwillfindit’sdifficulttoabsorbnewknowledgefromothercountrieswithoutmasteringaforeignlanguage.Mathematicscantrainpeople’slogicalthinking.It’shardtotellwhichsubjectismoreimportant,forothersubjectsalsohavetheirownadvantages.Forinstance,physicalandmusiceducationmakecontributiontoourintelligencedevelopment.

不经意的观察和经历可能会促进理论的开始。在探究理论之初，描述事实构成了这种探索努力的最大部分。随着理论不断变得复杂和严谨，人们开始使用精心挑选的数据和各式各样的统计方法来测试尝试性的理论。在随后的发展中，学科的主题变得理论化，并且具有推导性，不再是经验和描述的。

16.单选题

Scientificintegrityisasmuchamatterofself-interestasitisof（

）.

问题1选项

A.self-esteem

B.self-deceiving

C.selfishness

D.self-improvement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。self-esteem“自尊；自负；自大”；self-deceiving“自欺的”；selfishness“自私自利”；self-improvement“自我改善；自我修养”。句意：科学诚信有关尊严，更是与自身利益有关的事情。选项A符合题意。

17.单选题

The（

）effectsofmanyillnessesmadehimaweakmanandhestilldidn’twanttodosportseveryday.

问题1选项

A.cumulative

B.formidable

C.eternal

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。cumulative“累积的”；formidable“可怕的，可畏的”；eternal“永恒的”；prospective“预期的，有希望的”。句意：多种病一齐发作使得他身体孱弱，但是他仍然不愿意去运动。选项A符合题意。

18.填空题

Direction:Thefollowingaresomewordsandphrases,someofwhicharetakenfromthetextthatfollows.Decidewhichwordorphraseshouldgoineachgapandthenwritetheletterinthespaceprovided.Notethattherearemorewordsandphrasethangaps.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

StandardsofMeasurement

Inearlytimesmeasurementsweremadebycomparingthingswithpartsof(example).Earlyunitsofmeasurementincludedthedistancefromtheelbowtothefingers,thewidthofthehandandthewidthofthefingers.

Someofthesehumanmeasurementsarestillused.Forexample,66basedonthelengthofhalfthethumb.Afootwasoriginally67ofaman’sfoot.Amilewasonethousandwalkingsteps.

Theseunitswereonly68becausetheirstandard—thehumanbody—wasnotconstant.Governmentstriedto69thembyusingrodsoffixedlengths.Buttheserodsstillvariedfrom70tocountry.

DuringtheFrenchRevolution,scientistslookedfora__71whichdidnotchange.TheychosethedistancefromtheEquatortotheNorthPole,whichisonequarterofthecircumferenceoftheEarth.Onetenmillionthofthiswascalled72andbecamethebasicunitofthemetricsystem.Othermetric73arebasedonit.Forexample,thecentimeterisonehundredthofameter.Agram—theunitof74isthemassofonecubiccentimeterofwater.

Astandardmeterwasmarkedonaplatinumbar.Theaccuracyof75wascheckedbycomparingthemwiththisbar.Nowadaysthemeterisstandardizedbycomparingitwithanotherconstant—thewavelengthofacertainkindoflight.

66.______67.______68.______69.______70.______

71.______72.______73.______74.______75.______

【答案】66.J

67.E

68.K

69.A

70.L

71.N

72.I

73.B

74.M

75.G

【解析】66.考查上下文语义。第一句提到Someofthesehumanmeasurementsarest