考研考博-英语-川南幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-川南幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Hesaidthatendingtheagreementwould（

）thefutureofsmallorfamily-runshops,leadtofewerbooksbeingpublishedandincreasepricesofallbutafewbestsellers.

问题1选项

A.venture

B.expose

C.jeopardize

D.legalize

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。venture“冒险”；expose“揭露，揭发”；jeopardize“损害”；legalize“使合法化”。句意：他说，终止协议不利于小型或家庭式经营书店未来的发展，那样会减少图书出版量，而且会提高除部分畅销书以外全部图书的价格。由leadto…可知是导致不好的结果，故空格处要填贬义词，答案C

2.单选题

Thosewho’veheardofZaneGreyusuallyidentifyhimastheauthorofbest-sellingwesterns,butfewrealizethathewasthecommerciallymostsuccessfulAmericanauthorofthe1920s.Eachyearfrom1915to1924,hehadanewnovelontheannuallistoftop-10bestsellers.RidersofthePurpleSage,TheLightofWesternStars,andTheRainbowTrailarestillpopular,butGrey’sbeststorymaybehisowncolorfulandremarkablylittle-knownlife.

ZaneGreywasborninZanesville,Ohio.Greyrecalledhisownyouthasfullofrelentlessconflictswithhisstern,demandingfather,afarmer’ssonwhohadbecomeasuccessfuldentistinZanesville.Grey’sdelinquencyandpoorrecordinschoolexacerbatedmatters.Then,midwaythroughhisjunioryear,hehadtodropoutofhighschooltohelphisfatherwhosuddenlybecamepoorbypullingteethforneedylocals.

Fordiversion,Greyplayedbaseball--withenoughtalenttoearnscholarshipstoseveraluniversities.HechosetheUniversityofPennsylvanianotonlyforitsaccomplishedteam,butalsoforitsdentalschool,whichofferedhimimmediateadmission,sparinghimthetoughundergraduateprogram.Aftergraduation,heconcentratedmoreonbaseballthandentistry,hopingtoreachthemajorleagues,buttonoavail.Heretreatedtoafull-timepracticeinNewYorkCity,butquicklydiscoveredthatwritingaboutancestorswhoselivesweremoredistinguishedandexcitingthanhiswaspreferabletocopingwithdecayedteethandbadbreath.

Duringasummerescapein1900toruralLackawaxenontheupperDelawareRiver,hemetLina“Dolly”Roth,11yearsyounger,aNewYorkdoctor’sdaughterwhoenthusiasticallysupportedhisyearningtobecomeawriter.Aftertheirmarriagein1905,hersubstantialinheritanceenabledhimtoquitdentistryandwritefulltime.Theircross-countryhoneymoontripcarriedthemtotheGrandCanyonatthedawnofitstouristappeal.Greywascaptivatedbythecanyon’snaturalsplendor.Hewouldreturntheretwicemoreformountain-lionhunts，whichinspiredHeritageoftheDesert,hisfirstwesternstory,publishedin1910whenhewas38.Forthenext15years,hereturnedannuallytotheSouthwesttofindnewmaterialformorebooks.

1.Asawriter,ZaneGrey（）.

2.Inhischildhood,ZaneGrey（）.

3.Beforeenteringuniversity,ZaneGrey（）.

4.Aftergraduatingfromuniversity,ZaneGreywenttoNewYorkand（）.

5.ZaneGreywasabletowritefulltimemainlybecause（）.

6.ItcanbelearnedthatZaneGrey’sfirstwesternstory（）.

问题1选项

A.isstillpopularatthepresenttime

B.isbestknownforhisgloriouslife

C.wrotemuchofhisuniquegrowth

D.showedhispotentialatanearlyage

问题2选项

A.livedaliferathereasyandcarefree

B.wasamongthosetameschoolboys

C.wasinbadtermswithhisfather

D.tookaspecialinterestindentistry

问题3选项

A.playedinaprofessionalbaseballteam

B.showedthegreatpotentialforbaseball

C.triedhardtoapplyforascholarship

D.begantolearnundergraduatesubjects

问题4选项

A.wroteabouthisfrustrations

B.playedinthemajorleagues

C.becameafull-timebaseballplayer

D.foundhisrealinterest

问题5选项

A.hehadearnedalotofmoneyfromdentistry

B.hiswifeagreedtoworktosupportthefamily

C.hiswifebackedhimupwithagreatfortune

D.hehadrealizedthehugevaluetobeawriter

问题6选项

A.wasmotivatedbyhistripstotheGrandCanyon

B.wasbasedonhiscross-countrytripwithhiswife

C.depictedhistripstotheSouthwestpartoftheU.S.

D.describedhisannualtripformountain-lionhunts

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到ZaneGrey的三本书至今非常受欢迎，由此可知他本人现在也是非常有名，选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。文章第二段第二句话提到Grey回忆起自己的青年时代，他与苛刻的父亲经常发生冲突（Greyrecalledhisownyouthasfullofrelentlessconflictswithhisstem,demandingfather），由此可知选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第三段提到他在棒球上有很大的天赋，并以此获得几所大学的奖学金（Fordiversion,Greyplayedbaseball--withenoughtalenttoearnscholarshipstoseveraluniversities），因此选项B符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第三段提到毕业后，他更专注于棒球而不是牙科，希望能进入大联盟，但是没有成功。他到纽约做全职牙医，但是随后他发现写作比对付龋齿和口臭要好得多（butquicklydiscoveredthatwritingaboutancestorswhoselivesweremoredistinguishedandexcitingthanhiswaspreferabletocopingwithdecayedteethandbadbreath），所以选项D符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文章最后一段提到Grey的妻子继承了可观的遗产，让他能全职写作（Aftertheirmarriagein1905,hersubstantialinheritanceenabledhimtoquitdentistryandwritefulltime），因此选项C符合题意。

6.判断推理题。文章最后一段提到他们去大峡谷度蜜月，被峡谷的自然美景迷住，Grey两次回到那里，这激发了他的创作灵感，创作了第一部小说。因此选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Duringadolescence,thedevelopmentof,politicalideologybecomesapparentintheindividualideologyhereisdefinedasthepresenceofroughlyconsistentattitudes,moreorlessorganizedinreferencetoamoreencompassing,thoughperhapstacit,setofgeneralprinciples.Assuch,politicalideologyisdimorabsentatthebeginningofadolescence.Itsacquisitionbytheadolescent,ineventhemostmodestsense,requirestheacquisitionofrelativelysophisticatedcognitiveskills:theabilitytomanageabstractness,tosynthesizeandgeneralize,toimaginethefuture.Theseareaccompaniedbyasteadyadvanceintheabilitytounderstandprinciples.

Thechild’rapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.Byknowledge,Imeanmorethanthedreary"facts",suchasthecompositionofcountygovernmentthatthechildisexposedtointheconventionalninth-gradecivicscourse.NordoImeanonlyinformationoncurrentpoliticalrealities.Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent'sabsorption,oftenunwittingly,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundof,understanding,forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefactsmuchofthenativethatcharacterizedtheyoungeradolescent'sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfrom.Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutanignoranceof"facts",butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandisnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.

YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.OvertheyearsIhavebecomeprogressivelydisenchantedaboutthecentralityofsuchknowledgeandhavecometobelievethatmuchcurrentworkinpolitical-socialization,byrelyingtooheavilyonitsapparentacquisition,hasbeenmisledaboutthetempoofpoliticalunderstandinginadolescence.Justasyoungchildrencancountnumbersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.

Likemagpies,children'smindspickupbitsandpiecesofdatA.Ifyouencouragethem,theywilldroptheseatyourfeet-republicansandDemocrats,thetripartitedivisionofthefederalsystem,perhapseventhecapitalofMassachusetts.Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheintegumentaryfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.

86.Theauthorsprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcontributestothedevelopmentofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?

3.Theauthorusestheterm"commongroundofunderstanding"(ParA.2)toreferto（）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhat,duringearlyadolescence,achildwouldfindwhichofthefollowingmostdifficulttounderstand?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutschools?

问题1选项

A.clarifythekindsofunderstandinganadolescentmusthaveinordertodevelopapoliticalideology.

B.disputethetheorythatapoliticalideologycanbeacquiredduringadolescence

C.explainwhyadolescentsaregenerallyuninterestedinpoliticalargument

D.suggestvariousmeansofencouragingadolescentstodeveloppersonalpoliticalideologies

问题2选项

A.Consciousrecognitionbytheadolescentofhisorherownnaivete

B.Thoroughcomprehensionoftheconceptofordination

C.Evaluationbytheadolescentofthegeneralprinciplesencompassinghisorherspecificpoliticalideas.

D.Intuitiveunderstandingofrelationshipsamongvariouscomponentsofsociety

问题3选项

A.familiarlegislationregardingpoliticalactivity

B.theexperiencesthatalladolescentsshare

C.asociety'sgeneralsenseofitsownpoliticalactivity

D.asociety'swillingnesstoresolvepoliticaltensions

问题4选项

A.Abookchroniclingthewaysinwhichthepresidentialinaugurationceremonyhaschangedovertheyears.

B.AnessayinwhichanincidentinBritishhistoryisusedtoexplainthesystemofmonarchicsuccession

C.Asummaryoftherespectiveresponsibilitiesofthelegislative,executive,andjudicialbranchesofgovernment.

D.Adebateinwhichtheparticipantsargue,respectively,thatthefederalgovernmentshouldorshouldnotsupportprivateschools.

问题5选项

A.Theyshouldpresentpoliticalinformationaccordingtocarefullyplannedandschematicarrangements

B.Theythemselvesconstitutepartofageneralsociopoliticalsystemthatadolescentsarelearningtounderstand.

C.Iftheytointroducepoeticalsubjectmatterintheprimarygrades,studentswouldunderstandcurrentpoliticalrealitiesatanearlierage

D.Theyareineffectualtothedegreethattheydisregardadolescents'politicalnaivete

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干大意询问作者想要通过本文表达什么。读完原文可知，文章讨论的主要是青少年阶段政治观念的形成，从不同的方面论述了政治观念形成所必需的几种认知技能。作者先后对politicalideology和politicalknowledge进行了界定。第三段中提及许多研究过分依赖后者（政治知识）的获得，指出这是不正确的做法，A项翻译为“必须要澄清理解青少年的方式，以便提出一种政治上的观念”。该选项符合题意，正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第二段第四句“Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent'sabsorption,oftenunwittingly,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding.”，中文翻译为：这些都是知识的方面，但它们比青少年吸收（通常是无意间吸收）许多关于政治制度的潜移默化的想法要重要得多，这些假设构成了理解共识。“forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa，orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”中文翻译为：例如，国家可以“适当地”要求公民什么，反之亦然，或者政府与附属社会机构如学校和教会的“适当”关系。”以及“Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefactsmuchofthenativethatcharacterizedtheyoungeradolescent'sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfrom.”，中文翻译为：因此，政治知识是对社会假设和关系的认识，也是对客观事实的认识。因此，综合得知，D项正确。

3.词义猜测题。根据题干中关键短语“commongroundofunderstanding”可以定位到原文第二段后这一短语后的举例“forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”，中文翻译为：例如，国家可以“适当地”要求公民什么，反之亦然，或者政府与附属社会机构如学校和教会的“适当”关系。以及后文的意思可知，“理解共识”指的就是社会对诸如国家和公民之间相互的正当需求、政府与社会机构之间的正常关系等在理解上的一种认识。因此，最佳答案为C项。

4.推理判断题。原文第一段谈及政治意识形态在青春期之初是模糊或缺失的。由题干可以定位到原文第三段中“Justasyoungchildrencancountnumbersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.”，中文翻译为：如小孩子在不掌握排序原则的情况下可以数数一样，青少年在头脑中可能有许多随机的政治信息，而没有安全地理解那些能给信息带来秩序和意义的概念。以及原文第四段中“Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheintegumentaryfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.”中文翻译为：但在青少年掌握了概念和原则所提供的整体功能之前，数据仍然是零碎的、随机的、无序的。”可以得出D项（中文含义：一场辩论，参与者分别认为联邦政府应该支持私立学校，或不应该支持私立学校）是青少年比较难理解的。

5.推理判断题。首先，根据题干可以定位到原文第二段第四句，将学校和教会作为组成政治体系的一个例子；然后，在该段第五、六句指出，青少年幼稚的政治知识源自对这一政治体系的不完全理解。由此可以推知，作者认为学校本身就是社会政治体系中的组成部分，学生从中可以学会理解这一体系，因此，B项正确。

4.单选题

Foreigndisinvestmentandthe（

）ofSouthAfricafromworldcapital

marketsafter1985furtherweakeneditseconomy.

问题1选项

A.displacement

B.elimination

C.exclusion

D.exception

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析。句意:1985以后，外资撤资以及世界资本市场的（

）使南非经济进一步削弱。displacement代替;Elimination剔除,消除，消灭;Exclusion排斥;Exception例外。

5.单选题

Itwasbynomeanseasytoworkforapresidentwhodemandedsecuritybeyondwhatwasreally（）.

问题1选项

A.calledfor

B.calledforth

C.calledup

D.calledat

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项callfor“要求、提倡”；B选项callforth“唤起、鼓起”；C选项callup“召集、征召”；D选项callat“访问、拜访”，句意为：在这样一位要求安全措施超出实际要求的总统手下工作绝非易事。callfor“要求、提倡”符合题意，因此选A。

6.单选题

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoice,wewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutofffromtheexcitingandimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothe—nearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsafeelingofisolation,andconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecenterofthings,andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanendathalf-pastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe“quietlife”bymovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind——theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring“morning”tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere’smycat.Toby.I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithall(hoseheartymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor（

）.

2.Intheauthor’sopinion,thefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappyEXCEPT（

）.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuythefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages?

问题1选项

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.worksinthecity

D.livesinthecountry

问题2选项

A.astrongsenseoffear

B.lackofcommunication

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

问题3选项

A.dailynecessities

B.freshfruits

C.designerclothes

D.freshvegetables

问题4选项

A.Original

B.Quiet

C.Arrogant

D.Insensitive

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“从第一段中我们可以得知作者……”。文章第一段第二句话提到“我成功说服自己，如果不是因为我的工作，我会立刻去往空旷的地方，回到某个静谧的村庄，回到大自然中”（Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry），由此我们可以知道作者的工作是在城市，选项C符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者认为下列哪项不是让城里人不开始的原因”。文章第二段最后一句话提到“过去住一条街上的人都相互认识，而现在住在高楼大厦同一层楼的人彼此都不打招呼”（Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother），由此可知选项B是其中一个原因，排除；文章第二段第二句提到“大多数人住在又吵，又脏，又没人情味的高楼里”（Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal），由此可知选项C“居住环境”也是其中一个原因，排除；第二段第三句提到“如果你住15楼以上，你会失去集体感”（Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup），由此可知选项D“孤独感”也是其中一个原因，排除。综上，选项A不是其中的原因，符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章暗示买一些东西很容易，除了……”。文章第三段倒数第二句提到“去商店买东西成了主要问题，只要稍微特殊点的商品你就得去很远的城市去买”（Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothe—nearestlargetown），选项C“定制衣服”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章，下列哪个形容词用来描述那些住在乡村，在城里工作的人”。文章倒数第二段倒数第一句提到“他们通常和他们留下的塑料花一样敏感——被关于改变和改进的奇怪想法所浸染，并把这些想法强加给村里不情愿的原始居民”（Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind——theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages），选项C“傲慢的”符合题意。

7.单选题

Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork（

）,wedeclinedtheoffer.

问题1选项

A.wasnotfinished

B.hasnotbeenfinished

C.didnotfinish

D.nothavingbeenfinished

【答案】D

【解析】考查独立主格。offersb.alift表示“让某人搭便车”。but做原因状语，当状语的逻辑主语（ourwork）和句子的主语不一致时，需要用独立主格结构。独立主格结构是由名词或者代词+非谓语动词构成，故空格处应为非谓语动词，因此选D。句意：沃尔特在离开办公室时让我们搭便车，但我们的工作还没有完成，我们拒绝了他的提议。

8.单选题

Fredhasa(n)（）kindofhumorthatcanonlybeappreciatedbythosewillingtosearchbeneaththesurface.

问题1选项

A.obvious

B.hidden

C.subtle

D.controlled

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:obvious“明显的；显著的；平淡无奇的”；B:hidden“隐藏的”；C:subtle“微妙的；细微的”；D:controlled“受控制的；受约束的”。句意：那些愿意了解深层意思的人才会欣赏到Fred的微妙幽默。结合此处语义，C为正确答案。

9.单选题

Youdon'thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcar,it'san（）extra.

问题1选项

A.excessive

B.optional

C.additional

D.arbitrary

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你不必在你的新车上安装这个收音机，它是一个可选的附加设备。

考查形容词辨析。excessive过多的；过分的；optional可选择的：随意的；additional附加的；额外的：arbitrary武断的；专制的。由前半句句意“你不必在你的新车上安装这个收音机”可知，B项正确。

10.单选题

Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered（

）ofeachotherIthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

问题1选项

A.indistinctly

B.separately

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】考察副词词义辨析。indistinctly“不清楚地，模糊地”；separately“分开地，与from”；irrelevantly“不恰当地，不相关地”;independently“独立地，分开地”。句意：语言、文化、性格彼此都是独立的，实际上他们之间密不可分。选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Inbusinessto-businessmarkets,salesofsomesoftwareproductslanguishbecausenotenoughindependentsoftwarevendorswriteapplications.

问题1选项

A.advertise

B.last

C.decline

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.advertise（为……）做广告；登广告B.last持续

C.decline减少；下降D.dominate支配；控制

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息becausenotenoughindependentsoftwarevendorswriteapplications（由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序）可推知，salesofsomesoftwareproductslanguish指的是软件产品的销量下降，languish在句中表示“下降”，C项词义与之相近，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】在企业对企业的市场中，由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序，一些软件产品的销售受到影响。

12.单选题

Thecarinfront____suddenlyatthetrafficlight.

问题1选项

A.pulledin

B.pulledinto

C.pulledup

D.pulledthrough

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pulledin停下B.pulledinto驶入……后停下，如进站、进车库等

C.pulledup慢慢停下D.pulledthrough渡过难关

【答案】A

【考查点】词组辨析

【解题思路】空格处所填的内容，受副词suddenly“突然地”修饰，并且主语为“前面的车”，后文为“在红绿灯处”，参考选项推断原句表达的句意为“前面的车在红绿灯那突然停下”。因此，A选项“停下”符合原句句意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项pulledinto侧重于指驶入某处后停下，如进站、进车库等，与“在红绿灯处”矛盾；

C选项pulledup侧重于指慢慢停下，与suddenly“突然地”矛盾；

D选项pulledthrough“渡过难关”，不符合原句句意。

【句意】前面的车在红绿灯那突然停下。

13.翻译题

MarketsinstocksandcommoditiesformavitalpartoftheAmericaneconomicsystem.Millionsofindividualsbuyandsellsmalllotsofstocksandcommoditieswhilemutualfundsandtruststradeinlargelots.Ingoodtimes,whenitappearsthatpriceswillrise,moneyfromsavingsorfromothertypesofinvestmentcomesintomarket.Whenthishappens,pricesaredrivenhigher.Oftenaperiodofspeculationfollowsinwhichthe“bull”,thosewhomakemoneyonarisingmarket,areintheascendancy.Whenthemarketcannolongersustainthespeculativefever,areactionsetsin,sellingdevelops,andpricesbegintofall.Atthispointthe“bears”,orthosewhomakemoneyinafallingmarket,arefortunate.Americansbuyalmosteverythingoncredit,andstocksarenoexception.Usuallyaninvestorcanmakeastockpurchasebypaying50percentdownandgettingaloanontheremainder.Thisiscalled“margin”of50percent.Thebalanceisborrowedfromthebrokerageassecurity.

【答案】股票和期货市场构成了美国经济系统中的一个重要环节。数以百万计的个人买卖少量的股票和期货，而进行大量共同基金和信托的交易。在景气时期，当价格上涨时，储蓄资金或其他类型的投资资金就会进入市场。当这种情况发生时，价格就会被推高。通常接下来会有一段时间的投机买卖，在这段时间里，趁市场行情上涨而赚钱的“多头”占了上风。当市场不再持续投机热，就会出现抛售反应，价格开始下跌。在这一点上，“看跌者”或那些在市场行情下跌中赚钱的人是幸运的。美国人几乎什么都是赊购，股票也不例外。通常情况下，投资者可以先付50%的首付，剩下的部分再贷款购买股票。这叫做用50%的“定金”来购买股票。投资人向经纪行借差额，把股票存放在经纪行里作抵押。

14.单选题

TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.Currently,manyolderexperiencedworkersretireatanearlyage.Accordingtotherecentlyissuedstatistics,79percentofqualifiedworkersbegincollectingretirementbenefitsatage62;ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.

OlderAmericansconstituteanincreasingproportionofthepopulation,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau,andthepopulationofthoseoverage65willgrowby60%between2001and2020.Duringthesameperiod,thegroupaged18to44willincreasebyonly4%.Keepingolderskilledworkersemployed,evenparttime,wouldincreaseU.S.economicoutputandstrengthenthetaxbase;butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.

Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.SocialSecurityandMedicaidearningslimitsandtaxpenaltiessubjectourmostexperiencedworkerstomarginaltaxratesashighas67%.SocialSecurityformulasencourageearlyretirement.Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.

HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetoworkbecauseSocialSecuritywillnotsupportthemandthatbabyboomersarenotsavingenoughforretirement.Accordingtotheincreasein401(k)andKeoghretirementplans,theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet,andthelikelihoodoflargeinheritance,thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreach65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.

TheHudsonInstituteadvocatesreforminggovernmentpoliciesthatnowdiscourageworkandsavings,especiallyforolderworker.Amongthereport'srecommendations:TaxhalfofallSocialSecuritybenefits,regardlessofotherincome,provide8%largerbenefitsforeachyearbeyond65;andpermitworkersnearingretirementtonegotiatecompensationpackagesthatmayincludealowersalarybutwithgreaterhealthcarebenefits.However,it,maytakerealandfruitfulplanningtofindtherightsolutiontotheearlyretirementofolderexperiencedworkers;anymeasurestakenmustbeallowedtoprolongtheserviceabilityofolderexperiencedworkers.

1.AccordingtoHudsonInstituteresearcher,theeffectoftheearlyretirementofqualifiedworkersintheUSeconomyis（

）.

2.TheolderexperiencedworkersinAmericatendtoretireearlybecausetheirprolongedservicemay（

）.

3.Thesecondparagraphiswrittenchieflytoshowthat（

）.

4.Theword"hinder”inthelastsentenceofParagraph1refersto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

问题1选项

A.constructive

B.significant

C.inconclusive

D.detrimental

问题2选项

A.doharmtoyoungergenerations

B.endupwithfewornobenefits

C.give-playtotheirpotentials

D.shedlightonsocialtrends

问题3选项

A.therewillbeanacutelaborshortageinthenearfuture

B.baby-boomerscontributemuchtotheUSeconomicoutput

C.governmentpoliciesconcerningolderpeopleareoutdated

D.olderworkersareenthusiasticaboutcollectingsocialbenefits

问题4选项

A.help

B.prevent

C.promote

D.drag

问题5选项

A.Somegovernmentpoliciesatpresentdiscourageworkandsavings

B.Seniorcitizensoccupythelargestpercentageofthepopulationnow.

C.Incomeseldomriseswithadditionalyearsofwork.

D.TheHudsonInstitutebelongstotheGovernmentAdministrations

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目所问的是“根据哈德逊研究所研究报道，在美国经济中有经验的合格工作人员提前退休的影响是什么？”文章第一段第一句话提到“有经验的工作人员提前退休严重损害了美国的经济发展”(TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy)。因此，选项D符合题意。constructive“建设性的”；significant“重大的，有效的”；inconclusive“不确定的”；detrimental“有害的”。

2.细节事实题。题目所问的是“年龄大的经验工人往往会提前退休是因为他们的长期服务可以会怎么样？”文章第三段最后一句提到“尽管随工作年限增长工资会增加，但是他们所缴纳的税也会增加，所获得的利润变少”（Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits）。因此，选项B“获得很少甚至没有好处”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目所问的是“第二段主要是为了表明什么？”第二段作者通过对比老年人（65岁）和青壮年（11-44岁）的人口增长率，分别是60%和4%，说明美国社会劳动力的短缺。选项A“在不久的将来劳动力将会急剧短缺”符合题意。

4.词义题。题目所问的是“‘hinder’的意思是什么？”hinder出现的句子是there