考研考博-英语-大庆职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大庆职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter:apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallyfromtwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6kilometers)tall.

Evenwithanordinalmicroscopy,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking"hairs"calledflagella.Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthewater.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,whileotherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism

Fromthebacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toabacterium,waterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaaresosmallthattheyareinfluencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmoleculesaroundthem

Bacteriaunderthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.Thisisbecausetheycollidewiththewatermoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesaroundabacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones;evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethusconstantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Bacteriaaremeasuredin（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthesmallest?

4.Accordingtothepassage,someonewhoexaminesbacteriausingonlyamicroscopethatmagnifies100timeswouldsee

（

）.

5.Therelationshipbetweenabacteriumanditsflagellaismostnearlyanalogoustowhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.Thecharacteristicsofbacteria

B.Howbacteriareproduce

C.Thevariousfunctionsofbacteria

D.Howbacteriacontributetodisease

问题2选项

A.Inches

B.Centimeters

C.Microns

D.millimeters

问题3选项

A.Apinhead

B.Aroundedbacterium

C.Amicroscope

D.Arod-shapedbacterium

问题4选项

A.tinydots

B.small’’hairs”

C.largerods

D.detailedstructures

问题5选项

A.Ariderjumpingonahorse'sback

B.Aballbeinghitbyabat

C.Aboatpoweredbyamotor

D.Adoorclosedbyagustofwind.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章主要介绍了细菌“小”的这个特点（Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings）。选项A符合题意。

2.文章第一段第二句Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons提到细菌是用microns“微米”来测量的。选项C符合题意。

3.文章第一段提到一个针头大约1000微米，杆状细菌（rod-shapedbacterium）大概是2-4微米，球状细菌（roundedbacterium）直径是一微米。选项B符合题意。

4.文章第二段第一句Evenwithanordinalmicroscopy,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots提到一颗细菌在显微镜下几乎都是极细的现状或者微小的点。选项A符合题意。

5.文章最后一段作者对鞭毛和细菌的关系进行了描述：一颗颗细菌附着在鞭毛上，只有鞭毛旋转了，细菌才能跟着在水中运动。这样的关系跟马与骑手的关系很像。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Histhoughtswere（

）fromthispainfultopicbythesuddenarrivalofaneighbor.

问题1选项

A.attracted

B.retracted

C.distracted

D.protracted

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。attract“吸引”；retract“撤销，撤回”；distract“分散”；protract“延长，伸出”。句意：以为邻居的突然到来分散了他的对于痛苦主题的关注。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

________sixpercentofordinaryhomesweredamagedintheearthquake,onlythreepercentofmobilehomeswereaffected.

问题1选项

A.How

B.While

C.Although

D.When

【答案】B

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：（）地震中百分之六的普通房子被摧毁了，只有百分之三的移动房受到了影响。根据句意，这里从句选时间状语引导词，A选项引导方式状语，C选项引导让步状语，所以排除。然后根据关键词only，表明这两个句子不单单是表明两件事同时发生，还会有一种转折的意思在，所以D选项排除，答案选B。

4.单选题

Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously（

）nopointinstaying.

问题1选项

A.were

B.tobe

C.being

D.having

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我们离开了会议，因为留下来显然没有什么意义。

语法题。考查therebe句型。thereisnopointindoingsth.表示“做某事没有用或没有意义”,因此排除D。前半句已经是完整句子,因此后半句可以是非谓语充当原因状语。因此C项being正确。

5.翻译题

TheEnglishlanguageoftodayreflectsmanycenturiesofdevelopment.ThepoliticalandsocialeventsthathaveinthecourseofEnglishhistorysoprofoundlyaffectedtheEnglishpeopleintheirnationallifehavegenerallyhadarecognizableeffectontheirlanguage.TheRomanChristianizingofBritainin597broughtEnglandintocontactwithLatincivilizationandmadesignificantadditionstoourvocabulary.TheScandinavianinvasionsresultedinaconsiderablemixtureofthetwopeoplesandtheirlanguages.TheNormanConquestmadeEnglishfortwocenturiesthelanguagemainlyofthelowerclasseswhilethenoblesandthoseassociatedwiththemusedFrenchonalmostalloccasions.AndwhenEnglishoncemoreregainedsupremacyasthelanguageofallelementsofthepopulation,itwasanEnglishgreatlychangedinbothformandvocabularyfromwhatithadbeenin1066.

【答案】今天的英语反映了许多世纪的发展。在英国历史进程中深刻影响英国人国家生活的政治和社会事件，通常也对他们的语言产生了明显的影响。597年罗马人对不列颠的基督教化使英国接触了拉丁文明，并大大增加了我们的词汇。斯堪的那维亚人的入侵导致了这两个民族及其语言的大量混合。诺曼征服使英语在长达两个世纪的时间里成为下层阶级的主要语言，而贵族和与他们有关的人几乎在所有场合都使用法语。当英语再次成为所有人口的语言时，它的形式和词汇都比1066年发生了巨大的变化。

6.单选题

Despitedecadesofscientificresearch,nooneyetknowshowmuchdamagehumanactivityisdoingtotheenvironment.Humansarethoughttoberesponsibleforawholehostofenvironmentalproblems,rangingfromglobalwarmingtoozonedepiction.Whatisnotindoubt,however,isthedevastatingeffecthumansarehavingontheanimalandplantlifeoftheplanet.

Currently,anestimated50,000speciesbecomeextincteveryyear.Ifthiscarrieson,theimpactonalllivingcreaturesislikelytobeprofound,saysDrNickMiddleton,ageographeratOxfordUniversity."Allspeciesdependinsomewayoneachothertosurvive.Andthedangeristhat,ifyouremoveonespeciesfromthisverycomplexwebofinterrelationships,youhaveverylittleideaabouttheknock-oneffectsontheecosystem.So,ifyouloseakeyspecies,youmightcauseawholecascadeofotherextinctions."

Complicatingmattersisthefactthattherearenoobvioussolutionstotheproblem.Unlikeglobalwarmingandozonedepletion―which,ifthepoliticalwillwasthere,couldbereducedbycuttinggasemissionspreservingbiodiversityremainsanintractableproblem.

Thelatestideais"sustainablemanagement",whichisseenasapracticalandeconomicalwayofprotectingspeciesfromextinction.Thismeanshumansshouldbeabletouseanyspeciesofanimalorplantfortheirbenefit,providedenoughindividualsofthatspeciesareleftalivetoensureitscontinuedexistence.

Forinstance,insteadofdependingonlargelyineffectivelawsagainstpoaching,itgiveslocalpeopleagoodeconomicreasontopreserveplantsandanimals.InZimbabwe,thereisasustainablemanagementprojecttoprotectelephants.Foreigntouristspaylargesumsofmoneytokilltheseanimalsforsport.Thismoneyisthengiventotheinhabitantsoftheareawherethehuntingtakesplace.Intheory,localswillbeencouragedtoprotectelephants,insteadofpoachingthem―orallowingother；topoachthem-becauseoftheeconomicbenefitinvolved.

Thissoundslikeasensiblestrategy,butitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillwork.Withcorruptionendemicinmanydevelopingcountries,someobserversareskepticalthatthemoneywillactuallyreachthepeopleitisintendedfor.Otherswonderhoweffectivethelocalswillbeatstoppingpoachers.

Therearealsoquestionsaboutwhethersustainablemanagementispracticalwhenitcomestoprotectingareasofgreat-bio-diversitysuchastheworld'stropicalforests.Intheory,theprincipleshouldbethesameaswithelephants―allowloggingcompaniestocutdownacertainnumberoftrees,butnotsomanyastocompletelydestroytheforest.

Sustainablemanagementofforestsrequirescontrolsonthenumberoftreeswhicharecutdown,aswellasinvestmentinreplacingthem.Butbecausealmostalltropicalforestsarelocatedincountrieswhichdesperatelyneedrevenuefromlogging,therearcfewregulationstodothis.Moreover,unrestrictedloggingissomuchmoreprofitablethatwoodpricesfrommanagedforestswouldcostuptofivetimesmore―anincreasethatconsumers,nomatterhow"green",areunlikelytopay.

Forthesereasons,sustainablemanagementoftropicalforestsisunlikelytobecomewidespreadinthenearfuture.Thisisdishearteningnews.It'sestimatedtheseforestscontainanythingfrom50to90percentofallanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.Inonestudyofafive-square-kilometerareaofrainforestinPeru,forinstance,scientistscounted1,300speciesofbutterflyand600speciesofbirD.IntheentirecontinentalUnitedStates,only400speciesofbutterflyand700speciesofbirdhavebeenrecorded.

ScientistProfessorNormanMyersseesthissituationasagigantic"experimentwe'reconductingwithourplanet"."Wedon'tknowwhattheoutcomewillbe.Ifwemakeamessofit,wecan'tmovetoanotherplanet."It'sacaseofoneplanet,oneexperiment."

1.Whatdamagedoweknowforsureishumanactivitydoingtotheenvironment?

2.Whatisaneffectivewaytopreservebiodiversity?

3.WhatisNOTtrueabouttheideaofsustainablemanagement?

4.Whatfactor(s)mightaffectthepracticalityofsustainablemanagement?

5.Whyissustainablemanagementoftropicalforestsunlikelytobeusedinthenearfuture?

问题1选项

A.Globalwarming.

B.Ozonedepletion.

C.Speciesextinction.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题2选项

A.Reductionoftheimpactofspeciesextinctiononothers.

B.Sustainablemanagementoftheworlds'tropicalforests.

C.Encouragementofpoliticalwilltoreducegasemission.

D.Noneoftheabove.Noeffectivewayhasbeenfoundyet.

问题3选项

A.Itbansanyformofpoachingandloggingtoprotectplantsandanimals.

B.Itallowshumanstocutplantsandkillanimalsforeconomicbenefits.

C.Itensuresthesurvivalofeachspeciesbyleavingenoughindividualsalive.

D.Itencourageshumanstoprotectspeciesfromextinctionforeconomicgain.

问题4选项

A.Whetherthereiscorruptioninthegovernment.

B.Whethertherearecorrespondingregulations.

C.Whetherproducedgoodshaveattractiveprices.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题5选项

A.BecausetropicalforestscontainamajorityofanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.

B.BecausewehavetowaituntiltheexperimentinPeruandtheU.S.isfinished.

C.Becausewehavenoideaaboutilseffect,andifitfails,ourplanetwillbedestroyed.

D.Becausebesidestropica!forests,otherareassuchastheU.S.alsohavebiodiversity

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的二三句可知，选项A，B，C三项都是人类活动对环境所产生的影响，所以选项D正确。

2.根据第三段的最后一句“preservingbiodiversityremainsanintractableproblem.”保护生物多样性仍然是一个棘手的问题。也就是说目前还没有找到有效的方法。所以选项D符合原文。

3.根据第四段对“可持续管理”的描述可知，人类能够为了自己的利益而使用任何物种的动物或植物，前提是该物种中有足够的个体存活下来，以确保其继续存在。再根据第五段的第一句：它为当地人民保护动植物提供了一个很好的经济理由，而不是依靠基本上无效的反偷猎法。所以选项A不正确。

4.根据第六段的一二句（对应选项A）以及第八段的内容（对应选项B和C）可知，A，B，C三项均是影响“可持续管理”的因素，所以选项D正确。

5.根据倒数第二段的第三句“It'sestimatedtheseforestscontainanythingfrom50to90percentofallanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.”据估计，这些森林包含了地球上所有动植物物种的50%到90%。所以选项A符合原文。

7.单选题

IfEnglandhadwontheRevolutionaryWar,thewholehistoryoftheEnglish-speaking

A

B

C

worldhadbeendifferent.

D

问题1选项

A.hadwon

B.the

C.English-speaking

D.hadbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。if引导的虚拟语气，对过去情况假设，主句：主语＋would/should/might/couldhave＋动词过去分词，从句：had＋动词过去分词。

试题答案：D;wouldhavebeen

8.翻译题

Whichwouldyouchoose:anonlinecoursedeliveredbyoneoftheworld’smostknowledgeableinstructors,supportedbyawardwinningdocumentaryfilmmakersandateamofgraduateteachingassistants,orthesamecoursetaughtinpersonbyanaverageinstructor?Differentstudentswouldofcoursechoosedifferently.Butthereisamplereasontobelievethatexperiencewiththefirstoptionwouldeventuallyleadasubstantialproportionofstudentstopreferit,eveniftheywerechargedthesameamountforeitherapproach.Butbecauseofeconomiesofscale,theremoteoptionwouldenjoyasubstantialcostadvantage.AsPhilipCookwroteinhis1995book,“TheWinner-Take-AllSociety,”thesearepreciselytheconditionsthatgiverisetowinner-take-allmarkets.Astechnologyhasexpandedthereachofthemostableperformers,theyhavebeencapturingeverlargersharesofworldwidemarketsacrossahostofdomains.

【答案】你会选择哪一种课程：是由世界上最有知识的导师之一讲授，由获奖纪录片制片人和研究生助教团队支持的在线课程，还是由一名普通教师亲自教授的课程？不同的学生当然会做出不同的选择。但我们有充足的理由相信，第一种选择的经验最终会让相当一部分学生更喜欢它，即使这两种方式收取的费用相同。但由于规模经济，远程选项将享有巨大的成本优势。正如菲利普•库克在他1995年的著作《赢者通吃的社会》中所写的那样，正是这些条件催生了赢者通吃的市场。随着科技扩大了最有能力的执行者的范围，他们在许多领域的全球市场中占据了越来越大的份额。

9.单选题

ThelargevillageinsouthernHunanwhereshewasbomandgrowupisinahillyareanotfarfromtheborderwithGuangdong.

问题1选项

A.insouthernHunan

B.growup

C.inahillyarea

D.borderwithGuangdong

E.没有问题

【答案】B

【解析】时态错误。grow改为grew。and表示并列，and前用的一般过去时was，后面也应该用一般过去时。

10.单选题

SharepricesontheStockExchangeplungedsharplyinthemorningbut（

）lightlyintheafternoon.

问题1选项

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】B

【解析】同义词辨析。句意:证券交易所今早股价大跌，下午略有回升。

Regain重新获得(所有权);recover恢复;restore恢复...存在或使用;revive恢复；复兴,多指某国或某一区域经济萧条后振兴。因此这里选B合适。

11.翻译题

Inthelate1960sintegratedcircuit,tinytransistorsandotherelectricalcomponentsarrangedonasinglechipofsilicon(硅),replacedindividualtransistorsincomputers.Integratedcircuitsbecameminiaturized(使小型化),enablingmorecomponentstobedesignedintoasinglecomputercircuit.

【答案】20世纪60年代末，安装在一块硅片上的集成电路、微型晶体管和其他电子元件取代了计算机中的单个晶体管。集成电路小型化使人们将更多组件设计成一个单一的计算机电路。

12.单选题

Awayfromtheirprofession,scientistsareinherentlynomorehonestorethicalthanotherpeople.Butintheirprofessiontheyworkinanarenathatputsahigh（）onhonesty.

问题1选项

A.conviction

B.inference

C.caution

D.premium

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配题。putahighpremiumon"髙度重视"。句意：离开他们的职业，科学家本质上并不比其他人更诚实或更有道德。但在他们的职业生涯中，他们是在一个髙度重视诚信的领域里工作的。

13.单选题

FlanneryO’Connorwasnotas（）assomewriterswhoturnoutreamsofmaterials,butherstoriesareconsideredgemsthatliveonafterherearlyandtragicdeath.

问题1选项

A.potential

B.prolific

C.vitriolic

D.vicarious

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。potential“有潜力的”；prolific“多产的”；vitriolic“硫酸的，刻薄的”；vicarious“替代的，代理的”。句意：FlanneryOConnor不像一些创作大量作品的作家那样多产。选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

IntheUnitedStatestherearemorepeoplewhoareobesetodaythantwentyyearsago.

问题1选项

A.gainfullyemployedt

B.upwardlymobile

C.excessivelyoverweight

D.privatelyeducated

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。obese表示“肥胖的，过胖的”；A项gainfullyemployed“被高薪聘用”，B项upwardlymobile“走向富裕的，走向上层社会的”，C项excessivelyoverweight“过度超重”，D项privatelyeducated“私立学校”。句意：在美国，现在肥胖的人比20年前要多。根据句意可知，只有C项中的weight表示体重，故该题选择C项正确。

15.单选题

Theteamleaderofmountainclimbersmarkedout（）.

问题1选项

A.thatseemedtobethebestroute

B.whatseemedtobethebestroute

C.whichseemedtobetilebestroute

D.somethingthattobethebestroute

【答案】B

【解析】本句缺少的成分是宾语从句，只有选项B能作为宾语从句。that一般引导同位语从句；选项C缺少先行词；选项D用法不正确，所以本题选B。

16.单选题

Astudyshowsthatstudentslivinginnon-smokingdormsarelesslikelyto（

）thathabitofsmoking.

问题1选项

A.turnup

B.pickup

C.makeup

D.ringup

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析题。turnup“调大，出现”；pickup“拿起，拾起，捡起，学会”；makeup“组成，补足，化妆，编造”；ringup“打电话”；根据句意‘研究发现，住在无烟宿舍的学生不大可能（

）抽烟的习惯。’确定B选项正确。

17.单选题

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable,hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes,forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago,howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries,theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（

）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,

（

）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

问题2选项

A.Mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

问题3选项

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

问题4选项

A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

问题5选项

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).（为了使解释尽可能简单，假设科学被定义为分类知识）可知选D。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段可知，根据不同的目的，科学分为纯科学与应用科学。纯科学是为了满足好奇心，应用科学是将知识用于特殊目的。根据文章最后一段中的howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell（然而，人们应该记住，显微镜的构造必须先于细胞的发现）及两种科学的定义，可知显微镜属于纯科学，细胞的发现属于应用科学，即纯科学先于应用科学，因此B选项“必然先于应用科学，导致细胞的发现”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，根据不同的目的，科学分为纯科学与应用科学。纯科学是为了满足好奇心，应用科学是将知识用于特殊目的。由题干中的“interestedin”可知属于为了满足好奇心，因此选C。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries（许多致力于纯科学的科学家并不为忽视他们发现的实际方面而被指责）可知A选项“从事理论研究的科学家不应被指责忽略其发现的实际方面”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学的目的与定义，以及两种不同科学家研究科学的目的，因此A选项“科学与科学家的本质”符合题意。

18.单选题

Ifsomethingverysubstantialisnotdonenextmonth,hecannot（）hisoffice.

问题1选项

A.obtain

B.secure

C.have

D.retain

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。obtain“获得”；secure“保护”；have“拥有”；retain“保留”。句意：如果下个月没有做一些实质性的工作，他将保不住他的职位。选项D符合题意。

19.单选题

Havinghadherasaprofessorandadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan（）forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.

问题1选项

A.inspirational

B.educational

C.excessive

D.instantaneous

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。inspirational鼓舞人心的；educational教育的；excessive过度的；instantaneous即刻的。句意是：由于她是我的教授兼指导老师，不妨告诉你，她具有一种（

）力量，激发着她的学生超越自我的期望。因此，A选项符合句意。

20.单选题

______theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.

问题1选项

A.Inspiteof

B.Becauseof

C.Butfor

D.Asfor

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项Inspiteof“尽管”；B选项Becauseof“因为”；C选项Butfor“要不是，如果没有”；D选项Asfor“至于”。句意：______英语考试，上星期天我就去听音乐会了。根据语境，这里指的是因为有英语考试这个缘故，我没有去听音乐会，C选项Butfor“要不是，如果没有”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

21.不定项选择题

Predictingthefutureisriskybusinessforascientist.Itissafetosay,however,thattheglobalAIDSepidemicwillgetmuchworsebeforeitgetsanybetter.Sadly,thismodernplaguewillbewithusforseveralgenerations,despitemajorscientificadvances.

AsofJanuary2000,theAIDSepidemichasclaimed15millionlivesandleft40millionpeoplelivingwithaviralinfectionthatslowlybutrelentlesslyerodestheimmunesystem.Accountingformorethan3milliondeathsinthepastyearalone,theAIDSvirushasbecomethedeadliestmicrobeintheworld,morelethalthanevenTBandmalaria.Thereare34developingcountrieswheretheprevalenceofthisinfectionis2%orgreater.InAfricanearlyadozencountrieshavearatehigherthan10%,includingfoursouthernAfricannationsinwhichaquarterofthepeopleareinfected.Andthesituationcontinuestoworsen;morethan6millionnewinfectionsappearedin1999.Thisislikecondemning16,000peopleeachdaytoaslowandmiserabledeath.

Fortunately,theAIDSstoryhasnotbeenallgloomanddoom.LessthantwoyearsafterAIDSwasrecognized,theguiltyagent—humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,orHIV—wasidentified.WenowknowmoreaboutHIVthanaboutanyothervirus,and14AIDSdrugshavebeendevelopedandlicensedintheU.S.andWesternEurope.

Theepidemiccontinuestorage,however,inSouthAmerica,EasternEuropeandsub-SaharanAfrica.Bytheyear2025,AIDSwillbebyfarthemajorkillerofyoungAfricans,decreasinglifeexpectancytoaslowas40yearsinsomecountriesandsingle-handedlyerasingthepublichealthgainsofthepast50years.

ItisAsia,withitshugepopulationatrisk,thatwillhavethebiggestimpactontheglobalspreadofAIDS.Themagnitudeofthepandemiccouldrangefrom100millionto1billion,dependinglargelyonwhathappensinIndiaandChina.FourmillionpeoplehavealreadybecomeHIV-positiveinIndia,andinfectionislikelytoreachseveralpercentinapopulationof1billion.HalfamillionChinesearenowinfected;thetrajectoryofChina’sepidemic,however,islesscertain.

AnexplosiveAIDSepidemicintheU.S.isunlikely.Instead,HIVinfectionwillcontinuetofesterinabout0.5%ofthepopulation.Butthecomplexionoftheepidemicwillchange.NewHIVinfectionswilloccurpredominatelyintheunderclass,withrates10timesashighinminoritygroups.Nevertheless,Americanpatientswilllivequalitylivesfordecades,thankstoadvancesinmedicalresearch.Dozensofpowerfulandwell-toleratedAIDSdrugswillbedeveloped,aswillnovelmeanstorestoretheimmunesystem.

AcureforAIDSbytheyear2025isnotinconceivable.Butconstrainedbyeconomicreality,thesetherapeuticadvanceswillhaveonlylimitedbenefitoutsidetheU.S.andWesternEurope.

1.Whichisthebesttitleforthistext?

2.Thephrase“gloomanddoom”(L1,Para.3)probablymeans（）

3.Whichofthefollowingstatisticsiscorrectaccordingtothetext?

4.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat（）

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thecureforAIDSwillprobablymainlydependson（）

问题1选项

A.TheSpreadofHIV...AndWillWeEverCureAIDS?

B.TheWorseSituationofAIDS...WillAIDSRuinHumanBeing?

C.TheStatisticsofAIDS...WillAIDSSpreadaroundtheWorld?

D.TheExpansionofHIV...WillAsiaBecometheCoreofAIDS?

问题2选项

A.obscurityandsadness.

B.darknessanddespair.

C.ruinanddeath.

D.disappointmentandend.

问题3选项

A.InIndia,thereare4,000,000peoplewhohavebeenfoundHIV-positive,theinfectionratealmostreachingdozenpercentin1millionpeople.

B.InChina,about50,000peopleareinfectedbyHIV,withthechannelofspreadingunknowntotheChinesephysiciansandresearchersintheworld.

C.AIDSepidemichascaused15,000,000deathsinthewholeworldbyJanuary2000andmorethan3,000,000peoplediedofitinthelastyear.

D.IntheUnitedStates,HIVinfectionwillgoontoattackabout5%ofthewholepopulationandleadtoanexplosiveAIDSepidemicinthecountry.

问题4选项

A.HIVwasfoundmorethantwoyearsearlierthanAIDSwasidentified.

B.peopleknowalittlemoreaboutHIVthanaboutmostotherviruses.

C.AIDScontinuestoragemorewildlyinAfricathaninAsia.

D.HIVinfectionswillmostlyhappeninthepoorandinminorgroups.

问题5选项

A.internationalcooperation.

B.powerfuldrugs.

C.economicsituation.

D.strongwill.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:文章标题题。根据全文的大意，我们看到全文一直围绕的是艾滋病的危害和药物的研发，B选项并没有提及，C选项艾滋病毒已经蔓延到全世界了，D只是最后几段有提到亚洲，但是没有说亚洲是中心的意思，因此答案是A。

第2题:词义辨析题。gloom意为“昏暗”，doom意为“死亡，厄运”；A选项的obscurity是“朦胧；阴暗”的意思，D选项是“悲伤失望和终结”，与题干最符合，答案为D。

第3题:细节推断题。问：下列哪个数据是对的？正确的是C选项，答案在第二段的开头：AsofJanuary2000,theAIDSepidemichasclaimed15millionlivesandleft40millionpeoplelivingwithaviralinfectionthatslowlybutrelentlesslyerodestheimmunesystem.Accountingformorethan3milliondeathsinthepastyearalone.（截至2000年1月，艾滋病已夺去1500万人的生命，使4000万人生活在病毒感染中，这种病毒缓慢而无情地侵蚀着免疫系统。仅去年一年，就有300多万人死于艾滋病病毒。）这句话就是C选项的转述。

第4题:推断题。D选项的提示点在倒数第二段，“NewHIVinfectionswilloccurpredominatelyintheunderclass,withrates10timesashighinminoritygroups.”因此D正确；A、B、C通过原文都能判定出是错误的。

第5题:本题的答案在最后一段。“AcureforAIDSbytheyear2025isnotinconceivable.Butconstrainedbyeconomicreality,thesetherapeuticadvanceswillhaveonlylimitedbenefitoutsidetheU.S.andWesternEurope.（到2025年治愈艾滋病是不可想象的。但受经济现实的限制，这些治疗方面的进步在美国和西欧以外的国家的效果有限。）”因此可以看出，治疗艾滋病毒最重要的是经济实力，有经济实力才能去开发药物治疗病毒，因此答案为C。