考研考博-英语-广州民航职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州民航职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Politicianslie,andpeoplewithapoliticalagenda（

）thefactstoservethem.

问题1选项

A.slant

B.imitate

C.transfer

D.converse

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词辨析。slant带有偏见地报道或陈述；imitate模仿，效仿；transfer使转移；converse交谈，谈话。句意：政客们撒谎，抱有政治目的的人歪曲事实来逢迎他们。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Allvisitorsarerequestedto（）withtheregulations.

问题1选项

A.abide

B.comply

C.consent

D.conform

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:abidewith“与……同住”；B:comply(with)“遵守”；C:consent“同意”；D:conform(to)“遵守”。句意：所有的游客都被要求遵守规则。根据句意以及固定搭配，选项B为正确答案。

3.单选题

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

问题1选项

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在苏格兰，和英国其他地方一样，义务教育从5岁开始，到16岁结束。

考查形容词辨析。compelling引人注目的，强制的；forced被迫的;obliged必须的；compulsory义务的。这里想表达“义务教育”，故选D。

4.单选题

Severalloudspeakersare（）fromtheceilingandwecanhearthespeakerveryclearly.

问题1选项

A.connected

B.sustained

C.associated

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项connect“有联系的”。B选项sustain“持续的”。C选项associate“联合的”。D选项suspend“悬浮的，暂停”。句意：天花板上有几个扩音器，我们可以很清楚地听到说话者的声音。扩音器是悬挂在天花板上的，因此D选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Mostreadersunderestimatetheamountofrewritingitusuallytakestoproduceaspontaneousreading.Thisisagreatdisadvantagetothestudentwriter,whoseesonlyafinishedproductandneverwatchesthecraftsmanwhotakesthenecessarystepback,studiestheworkcarefully,returnstothetask,stepsback,returns,stepsback,againandagain.AnthonyBurgess,oneofthemostproductivewritersintheEnglishspeakingcountries,admits,“Imightreviseapagetwentytimes.”RonaldDahl,thepopularchildren’swriter,states,BythetimeI’mnearingtheendofastory,thefirstpartwillhavebeenrereadandchangedandcorrectedatleast150times...Goodwritingisessentiallyre-writing.Iampositiveofthis.’’Rewritingisn’tsomethingthatoughttobedone.Itissimplysomethingthatmostwritersfindtheyhavetodotodiscoverwhattheyhavetosayandhowtosayit.Itisaconditionofthewriter’slife.

Thereare，however，afewwriterswhodolittleformalrewriting，primarilybecausetheyhavethecapacityandexperiencetocreateandreviewalargenumberofinvisibledraftsintheirmindsbeforetheyapproachthepage.Andsomewritersslowlyproducefinishedpages,performingallthetasksofrevision，pagebypage.Butitisstillpossibletoseethesequencefollowedbymostwritersmostofthetimeinrereadingtheirownwork.

Mostwriterscanscantheirdraftfirst，readingasquicklyaspossibletocatchthelargerproblemsofsubjectandform,thenmoveincloserandcloserastheyreadandwrite,rereadandrewrite.

1.Whatdoesthestudentwriterfailtodo?

2.WhatdoweknowaboutAnthonyBurgess?

3.Whydosomewritersdolittleformalrewriting?

4.Whatdomostwritershaveincommon?

问题1选项

A.Tohaveenoughtimetodevotetowriting.

B.Tofindhisdisadvantageinwriting.

C.Toseehisworkscomplete.

D.Toobserveotherwritersrewrite.

问题2选项

A.Heisthefirstpersontofindthedisadvantageofthestudentwriter.

B.Heisacraftsmanwhoalwaysregretswhathehasdoneandthereforeredoesit.

C.Hehaspublishedmanyliteraryworks.

D.Heenjoyswritingonthesamepagemanytimes.

问题3选项

A.Becausetheycandothementalrewriting.

B.Becausetheyarenotpositiveofwhattheyhavetosayorhowtosayit.

C.Becausetheybelieverewritingisnotworthwhile.

D.Becausetheyhavetofindtheirpagesfirstbeforetheywrite.

问题4选项

A.Spendingagreatdealoftimeplottinganddrafting.

B.Performingallthetasksofrevisionatonce.

C.Spendingmostoftheirtimereadingother’sworks.

D.Rereadingandrewritingtheirworks.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句，学生们只注重成品，而不会去回过头进行修改，不会后退去做更多的研究工作，作者认为这是学生作者的缺陷。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据第一段对AnthonyBurgess的介绍,“…oneofthemostproductivewritersintheEnglishspeakingcountries,admits,Imightreviseapagetwentytimes.”，可以看出他说英语的国家中是一为多产的作家，而且很注重作品的修改细节。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据第二段，“primarilybecausetheyhavethecapacityandexperiencetocreateandreviewalargenumberofinvisibledraftsintheirmindsbeforetheyapproachthepage.”，主要是因为这些作家有能力和经验在写作之前，在脑海中完成草稿的创作和审查。选项A符合题意。

4.主旨题。根据文章最后一段，大部分作家首先会扫描自己的作品，以最快的速度阅读，检查出形式和主题方面的问题，然后通过不停地重读和重写进行修改，使其更加完美。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Anobviouschangeofattitudeatthetoptowardswomen’sstatusinsocietywill（

）throughthecurrentlawsysteminJapan.

问题1选项

A.permeate

B.probe

C.violate

D.grope

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。permeate“渗透”；probe“探索”；violate“违反”；grope“摸索，探索”。句意：上层社会对女性在社会中地位的态度发生了明显的变化，这种变化对日本现行的法律体系产生了影响。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Whenyourparentsadviseyouto“getaneducation”inordertoraiseyourincome,theytellyouonlyhalfthetruth.Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,butnotsomuchthatyouproveanembarrassmenttoyoursociety.

Getahighschooldiploma,atleast.Withoutthat,youwillbeoccupationallydead,unlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaworThomasAlvaEdison,andyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool.

Getacollegedegree,ifpossible.WithaB.A.,youareonthelaunchingpad（发射台）.Butnowyouhavetostarttoputonthebrakes.Ifyougoforamaster’sdegree,makesureitisanandonlyfromafirst-rateuniversity.Beyondthis,thefamouslawofdiminishingreturns（报酬递减率）beginstotakeeffect.

Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-haultruckdriversearnmoreperyearthanfullprofessors?Yes,theaverage1977salaryforthosetruckerswas$24,000,whilethefullprofessorsmanagedtoaveragejust$23,030.

APh.D.D.isthehighestdegreeyoucanget,butexceptinafewspecializedfieldssuchasphysicsorchemistry,wherethedegreecanquicklybeturnedtoindustrialorcommercialpurposes,youarefacingadimfuture.TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthiscountrythananyotherpartoftheworldbyfar.

IfyoubecomeadoctorofphilosophyinEnglishorhistoryoranthropologyorpoliticalscienceorlanguagesor—worstofall—inphilosophy,youruntheriskofbecomingovereducatedforournationaldemands.Notforourneeds,mindyou,butforourdemands.

ThousandsofPh.D.saresellingshoes,drivingcars,waitingontablesandfillingoutfruitlessapplicationsmonthaftermonth.Andthenmaybetakingajobinsomehighschoolorbackwatercollegepaysmuchlessthanthejanitor（看门人）earns.

Youcanequatethelevelofincomewiththelevelofeducationonlysofar.Farenough,thatis,tomakeyouusefultothegrossnationalproduct,butnotsofarthatnobodycanturnmuchofaprofitonyou.

1.Accordingtothewriter,whatthesocietyexpectsofeducationistoturnoutpeoplewho______.

2.IfyouareasgiftedasBernardShaworEdison,______.

3.Ph.D.saremostlikelyto

.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Thewriteriscriticalof

.

问题1选项

A.willnotbeashametothesociety

B.willbecomeskilledworkers

C.cantakecareofthemselves

D.canmeetthedemandsasasourceofmanpower

问题2选项

A.youcangetahighschooldiplomawithoutdifficulty

B.youwillbesuccessfulinagradeschool

C.youcanbeprofessionallysuccessfulwithoutadiploma

D.theleastyoushoulddoistogetadiploma

问题3选项

A.havedifficultiesgettingproperlyemployed

B.beemployedinthefieldsofcommerceorindustry

C.havetofilloutapplicationformsmonthaftermonthforothers

D.workinschoolsorcollegeswithlowpay

问题4选项

A.BernardShawdidn’tfinishhighschools,nordidEdison

B.TherearefarmorePhDsthanthesocietydemands

C.Thehigheryoureducationlevel,themoremoneyyouwillearn

D.Ifyouaretoowell-educated,you’llmakethingsdifficultforthesociety

问题5选项

A.theemployees

B.thePhDs

C.theemployers

D.thesociety

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句提到他们真正的期望是获得足够的教育来为社会提供人力（Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety），因此选项D符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到高中文凭是必要的，如果没有的话，除非你是萧伯纳或者爱迪生，如果你是他们，你小学辍学都行（unlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaworThomasAlvaEdison,andyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool），因为他们就算没有文凭，也在各自领域中脱颖而出，因此选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第五段倒数第一句话提到美国失业或未充分就业的博士人数比世界上其他国家要多（TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthiscountrythananyotherpartoftheworldbyfar），由此可知选项A符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据文章第五段可知很多博士就业问题并不是很理想，由此可知选项C表述是错误的，符合题意。

5.判断推理题。无论是雇主、雇员还有博士生本人都是属于社会中的一员，一系列状况都是社会发展导致的，因此作者批判的是这个社会，因此选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Speakersandlistenersareoftenatodds:languagethatiseasyforthereceivertounderstandisoftendifficulttoproduce,andthatwhichiseasilyformulatedcanbehardto（）.

问题1选项

A.comprehend

B.ignore

C.confirm

D.defend

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。comprehend理解，包含；ignore忽视，不理睬confirm确认，确定；defend辩护。由前半句可知说话者与接受者之间存在矛盾，故后面可推知这两者之间还存在另一种矛盾，即容易表达的话却难以理解。故A项正确。句意：说话者和倾听者常常意见不一致:容易让接受者理解的语言往往很难产生，而容易表达的语言却很难理解。

9.单选题

Smugglingisa（）activitywhichmightbringdestructiontooureconomy;therefore,itmustbebanned.

问题1选项

A.pertinent

B.fruitful

C.detrimental

D.casual

【答案】C

【解析】句意:走私是一种非法活动，可能会破坏经济，因此，必须禁止。

考查形容词辨析。pertinent相关的，恰当的;fruitful富有成效的，多产的;detrimental有害的，不利的；casual随便的，非正式的。根据整个句意可知应选择表示负面意义的词，故选C。

10.不定项选择题

SoutheastAsiahasauniqueabundanceanddiversityofglidinganimals,flyingsquirrels,flyingfrogs,andflyinglizardswithwingsofskinthatenablethemtoglidethroughthetropicalforest.Whatcouldbetheexplanationforthegreatdiversityinthisregionandthescarcityofsuchanimalsinothertropicalforests?Glidinghasgenerallybeenviewedaseitherameansofescapingpredators,byallowinganimalstomovebetweentreeswithoutdescendingtotheground,orasanenergeticallyefficientwayoftravelinglongdistancesbetweenscatteredresources.ButwhatisspecialaboutSoutheastAsianrainforests?

ScientistshaveproposedvarioustheoriestoexplainthediversityofglidinganimalsinSoutheastAsia.Thefirsttheorymightbecalledthetall-treeshypothesis.TheforestsofSoutheastAsiaaretallerthanforestselsewhereduetothedominationofthedipterocarp(龙脑香料树)family:afamilyoftall,tropicalhardwoodtrees.Tallertreescouldallowforlongerglidesandtheopportunitytobuildupspeedinadivebeforegliding.Thelowerwindspeedsintall-treeforestsmightalsocontributebyprovidingamoreadvantageoussituationforglidingbetweentrees.Thisargumenthasseveralflaws,however.First,glidinganimalsarefoundthroughouttheSoutheastAsianregion,eveninrelativelyshort-statureforestsfoundinthenorthernrangeoftherainforestinChina,Vietnam,andThailand.Someglidersalsothriveinlowsecondaryforests,plantations,andevencityparks.Clearly,glidinganimalsdonotrequiretalltreesfortheiractivities.Inaddition,manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfromthemiddleoftreetrunks,notevenascendingtothetopsoftreestotakeoff.

Asecondtheory,whichwemightcallthebroken-foresthypothesis,speculatesthatthetoplayeroftheforest-thetreecanopyhasfewerwoodyvinesconnectingtreecrownsinSoutheastAsianforeststhaninNewWorldandAfricanforests.Asaresult,animalsmustriskdescendingtothegroundorglidetomovebetweentrees.Inaddition,thetreecanopyispresumedtobemoreuneveninheightinAsianforests,duetothepresenceofthetalldipterocarptreeswithlowertreesbetweenthem,againfavoringglidinganimals.Yetecologistswhoworkindifferentregionsoftheworldobservetremendouslocalvariationintreeheight,canopystructure,andabundanceofvines,dependingonthesiteconditionsofsoil,climate,slopeelevation,andlocaldisturbance.OnecanfindmanylocationsinSoutheastAsiawherethereareabundantwoodyvinesandnumerousconnectionsbetweentreesandsimilarlymanyAmazonianforestswithfewwoodyvines.

Afinaltheorydiffersfromtheothersinsuggestingthatitisthepresenceofdipterocarptreesthemselvesthatisdrivingtheevolutionofglidingspecies.(A)Accordingtothisview.Dipterocarpforestscanbefood-desertsfortheanimalsthatliveinthem.(B)Theanimalslivingindipterocarpforeststhathaveevolvedglidingconsistoftwomainfeedinggroups:leafeatersandcarnivoresthatcatsmallpreysuchasinsectsandsmallvertebrates.(C)Forleaf-eatinggliderstheproblemisnottheabsenceofanyleavesbutthedesert-likeabsenceofedibleleaves.Dipterocarptreesoftenaccountfor50percentormoreofthetotalnumberofcanopytreesinaforestandover95percentofthelargetrees,yetdipterocarpleavesareunavailabletomostvertebrateplanteatersbecauseofthehighconcentrationoftoxicchemicalsintheirleaves.(D)Manyspeciesofglidinganimalsavoideatingdipterocarpleavesandsomusttravelwidelythroughtheforest,bypassingthedipterocarptrees,tofindtheleavestheyneedtoeat.Andglidingisamoreefficientmanneroftravelingbetweentreesthandescendingtothegroundandwalkingorelsejumpingbetweentrees.

Manycarnivorousanimalsalsomayneedtosearchmorewidelyforfoodduetothelowerabundanceofinsectsandotherprey.Thisiscausedbydipterocarp’irregularfloweringandfruitingcyclesoftwo-toseven-yearintervals,causingascarcityoftheflowers,fruits,seeds,andseedlingsthatarethestartingpointofsomanyfoodchains.Thelowerabundanceofpreyindipterocarpforestsforcesanimalssuchaslizardsandgeckostomovebetweentreecrownsinsearchoffood,withglidingbeingthemostefficientmeans.

61.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatquestionaboutglidingspeciesareresearcherstryingtoanswer?

62.Accordingtoparagraph1,itisgenerallythoughtthattheabilitytoglideisusefultoforest-dwellingspeciesbecausegliding______.

63.Theword“scattered”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto______.

64.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph2insupportofthetall-treeshypothesisEXCFPT:______.

65.SelecttheTWOanswerchoicesthatpointtoflawsinthetall-treehypothesis,accordingtoparagraph2.Toreceivecredit,youmustSelectTWOanswers.

问题1选项

A.WhyittookmillionsofyearsforglidinganimalstoevolveinthetropicalforestsofSoutheastAsia.

B.Whyglidinganimals,thoughrareinmosttropicalforests,haveevolvedinsomanydifferentfamiliesinSoutheastAsia.

C.WhyglidinganimalevolvedinmanytropicalforestsinSoutheastAsiabeforetheyevolvedinanyofthetropicalforestselsewhereintheworld.

D.Whyglidinganimalsevolvedonlyintropicalrainforests.

问题2选项

A.allowsthemtoadapttoawidevarietyofforestconditions

B.eliminatestheneedtotravellongdistancesinsearchoffood

C.providesarapid,energy-efficientwayofdescendingfromthetopofatreetotheground

D.enablesthemtomovethroughtheforestwithoutbeingexposedtopredatorsontheground

问题3选项

A.hardtofind

B.seasonallyavailable

C.widelyseparated

D.highlyvaried

问题4选项

A.Talltreesmakelongerglidespossible.

B.Talltreesmakebuildingupspeedinadivepossible.

C.Talltreesmakeglidingfromthemiddleoftreetrunkspossible.

D.Tall-treeforestshavelowerwindspeeds.

问题5选项

A.Manyglidinganimalsareunabletoascendtothetopsoftalltrees.

B.GlidinganimalsarenotevenlydistributedthroughouttheforestsoftheSoutheastAsianregion.

C.InSoutheastAsia,manyglidinganimalsarcfoundinplaceswheretreestendtoberelativelyshort.

D.Manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfrompositionsmidwayupthetrunksoftrees.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C、D

【解析】61.细节判断题。题干意思是“根据第一段，研究人员试图回答关于滑翔物种的什么问题？”。根据第一段中的一个问题Whatcouldbetheexplanationforthegreatdiversityinthisregionandthescarcityofsuchanimalsinothertropicalforests?（如何解释这一地区的物种多样性和其他热带雨林中此类动物的稀缺？），由此可推断，文章第一段想要回答的内容是：尽管其他热带雨林中滑翔动物稀缺，但是为什么在东南亚热带雨林中会衍生出许多滑翔物种呢？故B项“为什么滑翔动物，虽然在大多数热带森林很罕见，在东南亚有这么多不同的家族进化”符合题意。A项“为什么滑翔动物花了数百万年才在东南亚的热带森林中进化”，第一段没有提到滑翔物种进化的时间；C项“为什么滑翔动物在世界其他地方的热带森林中进化之前就在东南亚的许多热带森林中进化”表述与原文不符；D项“为什么滑翔动物只在热带雨林中进化”表述错误，文章第一段指出的是滑翔动物在大多数热带雨林中都稀缺。因此，该题选择B项正确。

62.细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第一段，人们普遍认为滑翔能力对居住在森林里的物种是有用的，因为滑翔……”。根据第一段倒数第二句Glidinghasgenerallybeenviewedaseitherameansofescapingpredators,byallowinganimalstomovebetweentreeswithoutdescendingtotheground,orasanenergeticallyefficientwayoftravelinglongdistancesbetweenscatteredresources.（滑翔通常被认为是一种躲避捕食者的方法，因为它可以让动物在树间移动而不会落到地面上，或者是一种在分散的资源之间进行长距离运动的高效能量的方式）可知，滑翔可以使动物躲避捕食者，D项“使它们能够在森林中穿行而不暴露于地面上的捕食者”正确。A项“允许它们适应各种各样的森林条件”没有提及；B项“消除了长途跋涉寻找食物的需要”和C项“提供了一个快速、节能的方式从树的顶部下降到地面”不符合原文。因此，该题选择D项正确。

63.语义推测题。题干意思是“‘scattered’一词在文章中的意思最接近……”。scattered一词出现在第一段第三句byallowinganimalstomovebetweentreeswithoutdescendingtotheground,orasanenergeticallyefficientwayoftravelinglongdistancesbetweenscatteredresources（让动物在树间移动而不会落到地面上，或者是一种在分散的资源之间进行长距离运动的高效能量的方式），scatter本义是“使分散，使散开”；根据原文语境推断，这里的意思是“滑翔作为一种省力有效的方式能够使动物在分散的丛林中长途跋涉”，故C项“广泛的分散”符合题意。A项“很难找到”、B项“季节性”和D项“高度多样性”都不正确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

64.细节判断题。题干意思是“在第二段中提到了所有支持‘高大树木假说’的内容，除了……”。根据第二段第四句Tallertreescouldallowforlongerglidesandtheopportunitytobuildupspeedinadivebeforegliding.（树木越高，滑翔的时间越长，在滑翔之前就有机会提高速度）和第五句Thelowerwindspeedsintall-treeforestsmightalsocontributebyprovidingamoreadvantageoussituationforglidingbetweentrees.（高树森林中较低的风速也可能为树木之间的滑翔提供了更有利的条件）可推断，A项“高大的树木使更长时间的滑翔成为可能”、B项“高大的树木使在俯冲中加速成为可能”和D项“高大的森林有较低的风速”都是支持“高大树木假说”的内容；在第二段最后两句提到了“高大树木假说”的不足之处，Clearly,glidinganimalsdonotrequiretalltreesfortheiractivities.Inaddition,manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfromthemiddleoftreetrunks,notevenascendingtothetopsoftreestotakeoff.（显然，滑翔动物的活动不需要高大的树木；此外，许多滑翔动物从树干中间开始滑翔，甚至不爬到树顶起飞），所以C项“高大的树使从树干中间滑行成为可能”是不支持“高大树木假说”。因此，该题选择C项正确。

65.细节推断题。题干意思是“根据第二段，选择两项有关‘高大树木假说’这一理论的不足的描述；要获得分，您必须选择两个答案”。根据题干定位到文章第二段，第二段后半部分讲述了“高大树木假说”的不足：First,glidinganimalsarefoundthroughouttheSoutheastAsianregion,eveninrelativelyshort-statureforestsfoundinthenorthernrangeoftherainforestinChina,Vietnam,andThailand.Someglidersalsothriveinlowsecondaryforests,plantations,andevencityparks.Clearly,glidinganimalsdonotrequiretalltreesfortheiractivities.Inaddition,manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfromthemiddleoftreetrunks,notevenascendingtothetopsoftreestotakeoff.（首先，整个东南亚地区都有滑翔动物，甚至在中国、越南和泰国热带雨林北部的相对矮小的森林中也有。一些滑翔动物也在低矮的次生林、种植园甚至城市公园中茁壮成长。显然，滑翔动物的活动不需要高大的树木。此外，许多滑翔动物从树干中间开始滑翔，甚至不爬到树顶起飞。）由此可得出这一不足之处有两点：第一是在东南亚地区许多滑翔动物被发现生活在树木相对较矮的丛林里，第二是许多滑翔动物不一定爬到树木的顶端开始滑翔，有些也可以从树木的树干中间位置开始滑翔。故C项“在东南亚，许多滑翔动物在树木相对较矮的地方被发现”和D项“许多滑翔动物从树干中间的位置开始滑翔”是正确的。A项“许多能滑翔的动物不能爬到高高的树顶”，第二段没有提到滑翔动物不能爬到高高的树顶，这是无中生有；B项“滑翔动物在东南亚地区的森林中分布不均匀”，这与原文不符，原文提到“整个东南亚地区都有滑翔动物”。因此，该题选择C项和D项正确。

11.单选题

Afteranumberofdisagreementswiththecommittee,thehelplesschairman（）.

问题1选项

A.retired

B.dismissed

C.deserted

D.resigned

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项retire“退休；离开；收回”；B选项dismiss“解散；解雇；不予理会”；C选项desert“遗弃；放弃；逃跑”；D选项resign“辞去职务；放弃；委托；使听从”。句意：在与委员会产生很多分歧后，这位无助的主席辞去了自己的职务。结合此处语义，D选项正确。

12.单选题

Histalkwasgenerallywellreceived,butasforthestatisticshe（

）,Idon'tthinkallofthemwereup-to-date.

问题1选项

A.referredto

B.relatedto

C.adjustedto

D.appealedto

【答案】A

【解析】referto谈到，提及；relateto涉及，有关；adjustto调节，调整以适应；appealto呼吁，上诉。句意：他的演讲受到了普遍的欢迎，但关于他提及的统计数字，我不认为所有的数据都是最新的。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Plato-whomayhaveunderstoodbetterwhatformsthemindofmanthandosomeofourcontemporarieswhowanttheirchildrenexposedonlyto“real”peopleandeverydayevents-knewwhatintellectualexperiencesmakefortruehumanity.Hesuggestedthatthefuturecitizensofhisidealrepublicbegintheirliteraryeducationwiththetellingofmyths,ratherthanwithmerefactsorso-calledrationalteachings.EvenAristotle,masterofpurereason,said,“Thefriendofwisdomisalsoafriendofmyth.”

Modernthinkerswhohavestudiedmythsandfairytalesfromaphilosophicalorpsychologicalviewpointarriveatthesameconclusion,regardlessoftheiroriginalpersuasion.MirceaEliade,forone,describesthesestoriesasmodelsforhumanbehaviorthatgivemeaningandvaluetolife.”Heandotherssuggestthatmythsandfairytaleswerederivedfrom,orgivesymbolicexpressionto,initiationritesorritesofpassage—suchasmetaphoricdeathofanold,inadequateselfinordertoberebornonahigherplaneofexistence.Hefeelsthatthisiswhythesetalesmeetastronglyfeltneedandarecarriersofsuchdeepmeaning.

Otherinvestigationswithadepth-psychologicalorientationemphasizethesimilaritiesbetweenthefantasticeventsinmythsandfairytalesandthoseinadultdreamsanddaydreams—thefulfillmentofwishes,thewinningoutoverallcompetitors,thedestructionofenemies-andconcludethatoneattractionofthisliteratureisitsexpressionofthatwhichisnormallypreventedfromcomingtoawareness.Thereare,however,verysignificantdifferencesbetweenfairytalesanddreams.

Thereisgeneralagreementthatmythsandfairytalesspeaktousinthelanguageofsymbolsrepresentingunconsciouscontent.Theirappealissimultaneouslytoourconsciousmind,andtoouridealsaswell.Thismakesitveryeffective;andinthetale’scontent,innerpsychologicalphenomenaaregiveninsymbolicform.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorquotesPlatoandAristotleprimarilyinorderto（）.

2.Inparagraph2,theword“persuasion”means（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sinterestinfairytalescenterschieflyontheir

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardfairytales?

问题1选项

A.definethenatureofmyth

B.contrasttheiropposingpointsofview

C.supportthepointthatmythsarevaluable

D.provethatmythsoriginatedinancienttimes

问题2选项

A.enticement

B.convincingforce

C.politicalpart

D.opinion

问题3选项

A.literaryqualities

B.historicalbackground

C.psychologicalrelevance

D.ethicalweakness

问题4选项

A.Openapproval

B.Reluctantfascination.

C.Indulgenttolerance.

D.Waryskepticism.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.主旨题，考查对文意的理解。根据第一段，“Hesuggestedthatthefuturecitizensofhisidealrepublicbegintheirliteraryeducationwiththetellingofmyths”，柏拉图想让国家的公民以神话故事开始他们的文学教育，亚里士多德也认为神话和智慧同等重要，选项C符合题意。

2.词义理解题。persuasion本身具有“信念”的意思，文章意思是，那些近代思想家们无论原本的理念是什么，从哲学和心理学的角度去研究神话故事都会得到相同的结论。所以opinion也有想法，信念的意思。选项D符合题意。

3.信息推断题。根据文章第三段“otherinvestigationswithadepth-psychologicalorientation”，深度的心理调查，看出作者主要是对其中的心理方面感兴趣，根据第四段“inthetale’scontent,innerpsychologicalphenomenaaregiveninsymbolicform”，在故事中，内在的心理现象以象征的形式呈现，也表明了作者对心理的兴趣。选项C符合题意。

4.文意理解题。文章第一段作者就表明对神话故事的学习持支持态度，第二段也提出了神话故事的意义所在，最后一段谈到了神话故事的象征意义和心理形式也同样有吸引力，所以作者是赞同肯定的态度。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Onlyunderspecialcircumstances（）totakemake-uptests.

问题1选项

A.arefreshmenpermitted

B.freshmenarepermitted

C.permittedarefreshmen

D.arepermittedfreshmen

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。考查部分倒装。副词only位于句首时，后面部分应用部分倒装结构：助动词/系动词+主语+谓语动词/表语。因此A项正确。

15.不定项选择题

Ironically,intheUnitedStates,acountryofimmigrants,prejudiceanddiscriminationcontinuetobeseriousproblems.TheyareapartofAmericanhistory;however,thisprejudicialtreatmentofdifferentgroupsisnowheremoreunjustthanwithblackAmericans.

Blackshaddistinctdisadvantages.Forthemostpart,theycametothe‘‘landofopportunity”asslavesandtheywerenotfreetokeeptheirheritageandculturaltraditions.UnlikemostEuropeanimmigrants,blacksdidnothavetheprotectionofasupportgroup;sometimesslaveownersseparatedmembersofthesamefamily.

Theycouldnotmixeasilywiththeestablishedsocietyeitherbecauseoftheirskincolor.ItwasdifficultforthemtoadapttotheAmericanculture.Evenaftertheybecamefreepeople,theystillexperienceddiscriminationinemployment,housing,education,andeveninpublicfacilities,suchasrestroom.

Untilthetwentiethcentury,themajorityoftheblackpopulationlivedinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.ThentherewasapopulationshifttothelargecitiesintheNorth.PrejudiceagainstblacksisoftenassociatedwiththeSouth.Slaverywasmorecommonthereanddiscriminationwasusuallyeasiertosee.

Inthe1950sand1960s,blacksfoughttogainfairtreatment,andtheynowhavelegalprotectioninhousing,education,andemployment.Becausetheirneighborhoodsaresegregated(隔离),manyblacksfeelthateducationalopportunitiesarenotadequatefortheirchildren.Busingchildrenfromoneneighborhoodtoanotherisonesolutiontoinequalityineducation.Naturally,allparentswantthebestpossibleeducationfortheirchildren.

Thesituationofblacksisbettertodaythanitwasinthe1950s,butracialtensionpersists.Timewillbetherealsolutiontotheproblemofrace.

17.PrejudiceanddiscriminationintheUnitedStates____.

18.OneofthereasonswhyblackAmericanscouldnoteasilymixinAmericansocietyis____.

19.Theauthorspecificallymentionsthat____.

20.Theattitudeoftheauthoris____.

问题1选项

A.werecompletelyeradicated

B.aremainlycausedbytheslavery

C.havebeenexistinginthesociety

D.don’texcludenewimmigrants

问题2选项

A.duetotheirskincolor

B.thatmostAmericansareimmigrants

C.thattheywerefreetokeeptheirheritage

D.thattheyspeaktheirlanguagedifferentlyfromAmericans

问题3选项

A.blackAmericansaremostunfairlytreatedintheU.S.

B.discriminationintheSouthwasnotmoreobviousthanintheNorth

C.thesituationofblacksisalmostthesametodayasitwasinthe1950s

D.afterblacksbecamefreepeopletheydidn’texperiencediscriminationinemploymentandpublicfacilities

问题4选项

A.favorable

B.sarcastic

C.indifferent

D.praising

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】17.【选项释义】

PrejudiceanddiscriminationintheUnitedStates____.美国的偏见和歧视____。

A.werecompletelyeradicatedA.被完全根除了

B.aremainlycausedbytheslaveryB.主要是由奴隶制造成的

C.havebeenexistinginthesocietyC.一直存在于社会中

D.don’texcludenewimmigrantsD.不排除新移民

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Prejudiceanddiscrimination和theUnitedStates定位到原文第一段第一句，该句提到“讽刺的是，在美国这个移民国家，偏见和歧视仍然是严重的问题（continuetobeseriousproblems）。”由此可知，在美国，偏见和歧视一直存在，C选项“一直存在于社会中”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“被完全根除了”，原文提到“一直存在”，并没有被根除，该选项属于反向干扰；

B选项“主要是由奴隶制造成的”，可定位到原文第三段第三句，该句提到“即使在他们成为自由人（becamefreepeople）之后，他们仍然在就业、住房、教育，甚至在公共设施，如厕所中遭受歧视（stillexperienceddiscrimination）。”由此可知，黑人奴隶在恢复自由之后仍然受到歧视，所以，奴隶制并不是造成美国偏见和歧视的主要原因，该选项不符合原文，属于反向干扰；

D选项“不排除新移民”，原文没有提到新移民的问题，该选项属于无中生有。

18.【选项释义】

OneofthereasonswhyblackAmericanscouldnoteasilymixinAmericansocietyis____.美国黑人难以