考研考博-英语-广西水利电力职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西水利电力职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Greenplantsorotherphotosynthesizingorganismsuselightenergyfromthesuntomanufacturecarbohydratesfortheirownneeds.Mostofthischemicalenergyisprocessedinmetabolismanddissipatedasheatinrespiration.

问题1选项

A.emerged

B.converted

C.evolved

D.consumed

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.emerged（从隐蔽处或暗处）出现，浮现B.converted（使）转变，转换

C.evolved（使）逐渐形成，逐步发展D.consumed消耗，耗费（燃料、能量、时间等）

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】dissipated的意思为“（使）消散，消失”，指的是大部分能量在呼吸过程中散失，结合语境，consumed与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】绿色植物或其他进行光合作用的生物利用来自太阳的光能制造碳水化合物来满足自己的需要。大部分化学能量在新陈代谢过程中被处理，在呼吸过程中以热的形式消散。

2.单选题

LovewasintheairinaTokyoparkasnormallystaidJapanesehusbandsgatheredtoscreamouttheirfeelingsfortheirwives,promising________andextratighthugs.

问题1选项

A.attitude

B.multitude

C.gratitude

D.latitude

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。attitude“态度，看法”；multitude“群众，多数”；gratitude“感激”；latitude“维度，界限”。句意：在东京的一个公园里，空气中弥漫着爱的气息。平时不苟言笑的日本丈夫们聚集在一起，大声表达他们对妻子的感情，表达感激之情，并给她们一个拥抱。选项中仅C选项与feelings相关，因此符合题意。

3.不定项选择题

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid-1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessesheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1910s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patient’sfightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingdaytodaycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

1.Whichofthefollowinghappenedinmentalinstitutionsaftereconomicdepression?

2.Itcanbeinferredthat,hadtheCivilRightsmovementnotpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whoisresponsibleforsurveillanceofgoodpatientcare?

5.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto（）.

问题1选项

A.Patientsbecameinflexibleandinsensitive.

B.Fewerpatientsledtoshortageoffundsandinhumanecare.

C.Morepatientswerereluctanttogethelpfromphysicians.

D.Patientsweredisappointedtoliveinasylums.

问题2选项

A.stateswouldneverhaveestablishedasylumsforthementallyill

B.newtreatmentsformajormentalillnesswouldhavelikelyremaineduntested

C.theCivilRightsmovementinAmericawouldhavebeenpoliticallyineffective

D.conditionsinmentalhospitalsmighthaveescapedjudicialscrutiny

问题3选项

A.agroupofyoungangrymeninthe1900s

B.activeyounglawyersinthe1910s

C.innocentinsanepatient’sprotest

D.powerfulcourtinterventions

问题4选项

A.Thestatecourts.

B.Thepublicinterestlawyers.

C.Thestatementalhealthadministrators.

D.Thehospitals.

问题5选项

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformentalillness

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.精神病院变得人满为患，像监狱一样。”和“Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.精神病院成了令人恐惧和沮丧的地方，病人的权利几乎被遗忘。”可知D项与原文相符。A项“病人变得僵硬和麻木”，与原文不符；B项“病人减少导致资金短缺和不人道的护理”，与原文不符；C项“更多的病人不愿意得到医生的帮助”，与原文不符；D项“病人住在精神病院里很失望”，因此D选项正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.当时，民权运动促使律师们调查美国的监狱，那里的黑人比例不成比例，他们转而跟踪囚犯进入唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构——精神病罪犯医院。”可知D项与原文相符。A项“国家将永远不会为精神病人建立精神病院”，与原文不符；B项“针对主要精神病的新治疗将可能仍然未被检验”，与原文不符；C项“美国的民权运动在政治上是无效的，与原文不符；D项“精神病院的条件可能逃脱了司法审查”，因此D选项正确。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.当时，民权运动促使律师们调查美国的监狱，因为那里的黑人比例不成比例，他们转而跟踪囚犯进入唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构——精神病罪犯医院。”和“Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.这些年轻的公益律师骨干喜欢他们在精神病院的角色。”可知B项与原文相符。A项“20世纪一群愤怒的年轻人”，与原文不符；B项“20世纪10年代活跃的年轻律师”；C项“无辜的精神病患者的抗议”，与原文不符；D项“强大的法院干预”，与原文不符，因此B选项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“...administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.……管理人员必须承诺制定规则和标准，并提供培训和监督，以确保给予治疗和尊重患者的权利。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“州法院”；B项“公益律师”；C项“国家精神卫生行政人员管理员”；D项“医院”，因此C选项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。全文主要讲述了美国对于精神患者治疗的发展进程，可知A项与原文相符。A项“提供精神卫生保健问题的历史视角”；B项“提高公众对精神病患者困境的认识”；C项“对精神病院的生动描述使读者震惊”；D项“描述一种新的精神疾病治疗方法的发明”，因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Designatingthisbook(HandbookofPersonalityPsychology)a“handbook”isatonceaccurateandpossiblyunfortunate.Handbooksarefrequentlyratherdrearyaffairs,occasionallyusefulassourcesandforcitationbutscarcelyworthreading.

Infact,thisbookishighlyinterestingandreadable,comprehensiveandauthoritative.Thedomainofpersonalityiscoveredalmostcompletely,andthematerialisquiteuptodate.Thisbookisnotacollectionofpreviouslypublishedoronlyslightlyreworkedpapers.Itgivesclearindicationofthecarefulthoughttheeditorsgavetoitsplanningandtheirfirmcontroloveritswriting.Tobeginwith,itiswhollyrefreshingtohaveacomprehensiveworkonpersonalitythatpaysnoparticularattentiontotheoriesofpersonality.TherearenochaptersinthisvolumetoreviewwhatFreudsaidorAdlerorRogersorBanduraoranyoneelse.TheoristssuchasFreudarementionedwhentheirviewsarerelevanttotopicsunderdiscussion,but,blessedly,nosummariesofthemajortheoriesareincluded.Instead,heeditorspresentacomprehensiveandcoherentviewofthefieldofpersonalitytoday.

Theworkispresentedineightsectionsthatdealinessencewithwhatpersonalityis,howitisstudied,howitdevelopsitsbiologicalandsocialdeterminants,howpersonalityworks,andwhatitisusefulfor.Thereare36chaptersextendingnearlyathousandpages.Theeditorschosespecificauthorsforeachofthechapters；theychosewellandtheywereremarkablysuccessfulingettingtheparticipationofauthoritativescientistswhogenerallywritequitewell.

Thehandbooklendsitselfwelltoitsfunctionasaresourcevolume.Itsonlyobviousdeficiencyisthelackofanameindex,whichinthesedaysofinformationprocessorsshouldhavebeenpossibleatmodestcost.

Manyyearsago,Igaveupteachingatheories-of-personalitycoursebecausethedominanttextbookwassothoroughandwelldonethatitleftmewithverylittletodointheclassroom.Thishandbookwould,Ithink，beasplendidtextbook,despitethethoroughnessofitscoverage,becauseitleavestheinstructorwiththechallengingbutengagingtaskofintegratingthematerial,whichwouldprovideanopeningforanyinstructorwithaparticulartheoreticalpassion,butmanyotherroutestointegrationarepossible.

1.ForTheHandbookofPersonalityPsychology,thetitleof“handbook”maybeunfortunatebecausehandbooks（

）.

2.Theauthorlikesthishandbookpartlybecauseitdoesnot

（

）.

3.ThebooktalksaboutFreudonlywhen

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theeditorsofthebookare

（

）.

5.Aproblemwiththishandbookisthat

（

）.

6.Withrespecttobeinganaidtoteachingpersonalitytheories，theauthorthinksthatthebook（

）.

问题1选项

A.aredifficulttocompile

B.areoftenconsideredboring

C.canbecomeoutdatedsoon

D.canmissalotofimportantinformation

问题2选项

A.focusontheoriesofpersonality

B.relatetopreviouspsychologists

C.discussresearchonpersonality

D.dealwithwhatisbeyondpsychology

问题3选项

A.histheoriesarecomparedwithothers

B.hiscontemporariesarementioned

C.thediscussionconcernshisideas

D.majorpersonalitytheoriesareinconflict

问题4选项

A.particularaboutthestructureofthebook

B.reservedinpresentingtheirownviews

C.defiantoftheauthorityinpsychology

D.successfulintheirmaterialselection

问题5选项

A.itiscostlytoaveragereaders

B.itispoorinideadevelopment

C.ithasnonameindex

D.ithastoomanychapters

问题6选项

A.leavesroomfortheinstructor’screativity

B.presentsachallengetocurrenttheories

C.containsthoroughknowledgeofpersonality

D.providesanintegratedsystemoftheories

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段，根据“Handbooksarefrequentlyratherdrearyaffairs,occasionallyusefulassourcesandforcitationbutscarcelyworthreading.（手册常常是相当枯燥无味的东西，偶尔也可用作资料来源和引证，但几乎不值得一读。）”即可得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段，根据“Tobeginwith,itiswhollyrefreshingtohaveacomprehensiveworkonpersonalitythatpaysnoparticularattentiontotheoriesofpersonality.（首先，它是完全令人耳目一新，有一个全面的人格工作，不特别关注人格理论。）”，结合题干中的否定词“doesnot...”，即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段倒数第二句，“TheoristssuchasFreudarementionedwhentheirviewsarerelevanttotopicsunderdiscussion,but,blessedly,nosummariesofthemajortheoriesareincluded.(像弗洛伊德这样的理论家，当他们的观点与正在讨论的话题相关时，会被提及，但幸运的是，没有包括对主要理论的总结。)”从而得出本题答案。

4.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段，根据“theychosewellandtheywereremarkablysuccessfulingettingtheparticipationofauthoritativescientists...(他们选择得很好，而且非常成功地获得了权威科学家的参与)”即可推断得出本题答案。

5.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段，根据“Itsonlyobviousdeficiencyisthelackofanameindex(它唯一明显的不足是缺少名称索引)”，即可得出本题答案。

6.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“Thishandbookwould,Ithink,beasplendidtextbook,despitethethoroughnessofitscoverage,becauseitleavestheinstructorwiththechallengingbutengagingtaskofintegratingthematerial,whichwouldprovideanopeningforanyinstructorwitha

particulartheoreticalpassion，…”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

5.翻译题

Informulatinghypotheses,acommonerroristheuncriticalacceptanceofapparentcommonsensebutuntestedassumptions.Thusinthefieldofpsychology,itwasformanyyearsautomaticallyassumedthatthemaincauseofforgetfulnessistheintervaloftimeelapsingbetweensuccessiveexposurestoalearningstimulus.Experimentation,however,wassubsequentlyundertaken,andseveralotherfactors,suchasmotivationandthestrengthoreffectivenessofthestimulus,turnedouttohaveanevermoreimportantbearingontheproblem.Asomewhatsimilarerrorarisesfromneglectofmultiplecauses.Thustwoeventsmaybefoundtobeassociated,e.g.whentheincidenceofadiseaseinasmokyindustrialsectorofacityissignificantlyhigherthanthatinthesmoke-freezones,aresearchworkermightinferthattheexistenceofthediseaseisduetothesmokinessoftheareawheninfactitmightequallywellbefoundinotherreasons,suchastheunder-nourishmentoftheinhabitantsorover-crowding.

【答案】【参考译文】在提出假设的过程中，一个常见的错误是不加批判地接受表面上是常识但未经检验的假设。因此，在心理学领域，多年来不经思索地认为健忘的主要原因是消逝在连续受到学习刺激之间的时间间隔。但是后来的实验表明了还有其他几个因素在这个问题中起重要的作用，比如动机和刺激的强度和效力。一个有些类似的错误源自忽视原因的多样性。因此，两个事件可能会被发现有关联，例如，当一种疾病的发病率在烟雾弥漫的城市工业区明显高于无烟区域时，研究人员可能会推论疾病的存在是由于该地区的烟雾的关系，而事实上可能是由于其他的同样可以造成这种疾病的原因，比如居民的营养不良或过分拥挤。

6.单选题

Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors7namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.

Nolonger.TheInternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment（OECD.hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.

Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.

Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor（orhisemployer）topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.

1.Theauthormainlytalksabout（）inParagraph1.

2.TheOECDreport（）.

3.Onlinepublicationissignificantbecause（）

4.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto（）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting

B.therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers

C.thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication

D.thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports

问题2选项

A.criticizesgovernment-fundedresearch

B.upsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers

C.benefitsscientificresearchconsiderably

D.introducesaneffectivemeansofpublication

问题3选项

A.itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers

B.itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults

C.itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch

D.itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge

问题4选项

A.coverthecostofitspublication.

B.subscribetothejournalpublishingit.

C.allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.

D.completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.

问题5选项

A.Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.

B.Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.

C.TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.

D.Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段主要讲述了期刊出版的过程，即收稿、审稿、出版或弃用、版权和引用收费等步骤。C和D看似都符合。仔细阅读全文可知，文章先讲述了期刊出版以前是怎样的，后来又是怎样的，由Itusedtobesostraightforward.可知第一段主要讲述的是过去期刊是出版的过程，C选项中“traditional”强调了过去。因此D项更符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干定位到第二段“Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.份报告是由澳大利亚维多利亚大学的约翰•霍顿和经合组织的格雷厄姆•维克里共同撰写的，对于那些迄今为止已经获得可观利润的出版商来说，这份报告读起来很沉重。”据此可知该报告让盈利的出版商心情沉重。故B项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段“Nolonger.TheInternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.互联网——以及来自资助机构的压力——正使获取科学成果成为现实。资助机构质疑，为什么商业出版商通过限制对科研的访问，从政府资助的研究中赚钱。可知互联网使网上发表论文成为可能，同时网上发表论文使人们更易获得科学成果。故B项正确。

4.细节事实题。由第四段“Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor（orhisemployer）topayforthepapertobepublished.有一种开放获取的出版方式，通常要求作者（或其雇主）为发表的论文付费。”据此可知作者要为论文付费。故A项正确。

5.主旨大意题。整篇文章都是在以客观的角度来介绍新的出版方式，并没有表明作者观点，故A项“作者欢迎新的出版方式”不对；B项“在线服务使出版变得更容易。”从理论上这观点是正确的，但是文中未提及，也不是本文主题。C项“网络对出版构成威胁”文中没提及。D项“一种新的出版方式正在出现”为本文主题，故D项正确。

7.单选题

We'dbetterdiscussthesituationbeforewe___tobusiness.

问题1选项

A.sitdown

B.putdown

C.comedown

D.getdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组。A选项sitdown“坐下；扎营”；B选项putdown“着陆；羞辱；放下；写下；付定金；镇压（暴动、叛乱）”；C选项comedown“下来，降落；流传下来；倒塌；落魄，失势”；D选项getdown“下来；吞下；使沮丧”。句意：我们最好在谈生意之前先讨论一下形势。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。

8.单选题

Theyadmittedthattheysharedthesame（）onthematter.

问题1选项

A.Potentiality

B.sentiment

C.postscript

D.subscription

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。potentiality潜能，潜力；sentiment情操，情感；postscript附言，后记；subscription订金；捐献。sharedthesame后接选项D,表示在这件事上出相同的订金。

9.单选题

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered,asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）

2.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat（

）

3.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentwereoverwhelminginthat（

）

4.Thearticleconcludesthat（

）

问题1选项

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation.

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures.

C.availableemploymentmustbemorewidelydistributedamongtheunemployed.

D.thenowadayshighunemploymentfiguresareatruthoflife.

问题2选项

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity.

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’scontrol.

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged.

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereversed.

问题3选项

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely.

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork.

C.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered.

D.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety.

问题4选项

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility.

B.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient.

C.peopleshouldbeginsupportingthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill.

D.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据文章第一段，高失业率确实是现在存在的一种社会现象，并且会持续下去。所以选项中“atruthoflife”最符合题意，选项D最符合题意。

2.信息推断题。根据文章第三段中“someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbrought”，第四段中“hefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustries”可以看出工业时代的到来推动了整个工业模式的变化。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段。所有人都受到了就业影响，其中也包括“thosenotinpaid”，那些没有受雇的人，如学生和退休人员，故选项C符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句中“withoutfulltimejobs”，可知选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Whenmydoctortoldmetheresultsofallthetests,IwassuremyillnesswasfatalandcertainthatIwasgoingtodie.Oneofmyfirst（1）wasthatIwouldbeleaving

（2）

mesomuchthatwasunfinished.Itoldmyfriendsthatthe

（3）

onmytombstoneshouldread:“GradeofIncomplete.”That

（4）

一mylife,andIregrettedmydelaysand

（5）

.IwishedthatIhadmoretimetodoitalloveragainthe

（6）

way.ButdeepinsideIfeltsuchawishwasuseless.I

（7）

norecoursebuttospendmyremainingmonthsinagradualstateof

（8）,tooweak,toosickandtoo

（9）

inmydyingtodomuchelse,Icriedalotandfeltverysorry

（10）

myself.

Aftertheoperationtoremovethetumor,my

（11）

toldmethatIwascured.Atfirst,Ididn’t

（12）

him.Ithoughthewashumoringme,stringingme

（13）becausehewantedmetobehappyinmyfinalmonths.

（14）,though,IbegantobelievethathewastellingmethetruthandthatIdidindeedhavealife

（15）

ofme.BecauseIdidn'twantmy

（16）

simplytobecomeabadmemory,IstartedtochangethewayIranmylife.Ifinishedthephotographyprojectthatsummer.ThenIappliedfor

（17）

atmylocalcollegeinthefall.WithinayearIhadchosen

（18）.I’mstillworkingongettingthatdegree.Mostimportantofall,mychildrenandItookthat

（19）

we’dalwaystalkedabout.Wetookanotheroneinthewinter,too.AttheendoffiveyearsIrealizedthatIhadrebuiltmylife'spatterns.Andnoweachdayismorefulfillingthan

（20）

.That’ssomethingIcouldn’tsaybeforethedaythatcancerstruck.

问题1选项

A.rehabilitations

B.realizations

C.inspirations

D.experiences

问题2选项

A.behind

B.for

C.before

D.confront

问题3选项

A.description

B.prescription

C.inscription

D.inspiration

问题4选项

A.summedup

B.concluded

C.endedup

D.shortened

问题5选项

A.condition

B.excuses

C.exceeds

D.exemplar

问题6选项

A.correct

B.dorsal

C.erratic

D.right

问题7选项

A.inferred

B.imagined

C.intended

D.imitated

问题8选项

A.corrosion

B.permeation

C.intervention

D.deterioration

问题9选项

A.absorbed

B.sobbed

C.sorted

D.sophisticated

问题10选项

A.with

B.for

C.about

D.onto

问题11选项

A.physician

B.assistant

C.surgeon

D.clinician

问题12选项

A.believein

B.believe

C.entrust

D.deprive

问题13选项

A.along

B.abreast

C.alone

D.afresh

问题14选项

A.Gradually

B.Byandlarge

C.Incidentally

D.Byaccident

问题15选项

A.beforehand

B.ahead

C.forecast

D.underneath

问题16选项

A.experienceofcancer

B.brushwithdeath

C.regrets

D.hospitalization

问题17选项

A.test

B.quiz

C.examination

D.matriculation

问题18选项

A.anability

B.adiscipline