考研考博-英语-广州体育学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州体育学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thereisanewtypeofsmalladvertisementbecomingincreasinglycommoninnewspaperclassifiedcolumns.Itissometimesplacedamong“situationsvacant”，althoughitdoesnotofferanyoneajob,andsometimesitappearsamong“situationswanted”，althoughitisnotplacedbysomeonelookingforajob,either.Whatitdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob.

“Contactusbeforewritingyourapplication”，or“Makeuseofourlongexperienceinpreparingyourcurriculumvitaeorjobhistory”，ishowitisusuallyexpressed.Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunemployment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitae(orjobhistory),withthesuggestionthatitmaynowqualifyasanartforminitsownright.

Therewasatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication.“Justputdownyourname,address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams”，wasabouttheaveragelevelofadviceofferedtoyoungpeopleapplyingfortheirfirstjobswhenIleftschool.Theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,everythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.Andinthosedaysoffullemploymentthetechniqueworked.Theletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteandwereavailableforwork.Youreagerfaceandintelligentrepliesdidtherest.

Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletterwhichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.Itmightbetheaggressiveapproach.“Yoursearchisover.Iamthepersonyouarelookingfor”，wasawidelyusedtrickthatoccasionallysucceeded.Oritmightbesomespecialfeaturespeciallydesignedforthejobinterview.

Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitisincreasingnumberofapplicantswithuniversityeducationatallpointsintheprocessofengagingstaffthathasledtothegreaterimportanceofthecurriculumvitae.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thenewtypeofadvertisements（

）.

2.Nowademandforthistypeofservicehasbeencreatedbecause（

）.

3.Inthepastitwasexpectedthatfirstjobhunterswould（

）.

4.Whenapplyingformoreimportantjobs,onehadbetterincludeintheletter（

）.

5.Theresumehasbecomesoimportantbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.informsjobhuntersofthechancesavailable

B.promisesusefuladvicetojob-hunters

C.dividesavailablejobsintovarioustypes

D.informsemployersthatpeopleareavailableforwork

问题2选项

A.thereisalackofjobsavailableforartisticpeople

B.therearesomanytop-leveljobsavailable

C.therearesomanypeopleoutofwork

D.thejobhistoryisconsideredtobeaworkofart

问题3选项

A.writeaninitiallettergivingtheirlifehistory

B.passsomeexamsbeforeapplyingforajob

C.havenoqualificationsotherthanbeingabletoreadandwrite

D.keepanydetailedinformationuntiltheyobtainedaninterview

问题4选项

A.somethingattractiveinone’sapplication

B.apersonalopinionabouttheorganizationonewantedtojoin

C.somethingthatwouldoffenditsreader

D.aliethatonecouldeasilygetawaywithtelling

问题5选项

A.ofanincreaseinthenumberofjobsadvertised

B.ofanincreaseinthenumberofapplicantswhichdegrees

C.ofmuchmorecomplicatednessofjobstoday

D.itislesscomplicatedthanotherapplicationprocesses

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第二段第一句contactusbeforewritingyourapplication”，or“makeuseofourlongexperienceinpreparingyourcurriculumvitaeorjobhistory提到这个广告的内容是“在写求职信之前联系我们”“我们的经验能够帮你更好地准备你的简历”可知这个广告主要是给那些求职者服务，所以选项B符合题意。

2.文章第二段第二句Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunemployment提到了这种服务存在的原因是由于现在的高失业率。所以选项C符合题意。

3.文章第三段theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,everythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview提到对于刚毕业出来找第一份工作求职来说求职信只是第一句，信中除了一些基本信息不需要透露太多，剩下的等获得面试资格再说。选项D符合题意。

4.第四段前两句later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletterwhichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest提到当你要去找更重要的工作时，求职信中需要写上一些你与其他人相比有何独到之处。选项A符合题意。

5.最后一段提到越来越多的大学生求职者使得个人简历显得很重要，所以选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Thestudentcontinuedtodomischiefinclasseventhoughhisteacherrepeatedlytoldhim______.

问题1选项

A.notdoing

B.not

C.notto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词搭配。句意：这个学生在课堂上继续恶作剧，尽管他的老师一再告诉他不要这样做。根据动词搭配tellsb.(not)todosth.确定C选项notto符合题意。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

It’shightimewe（）cuttingdowntherainforests.

问题1选项

A.stopped

B.hadtostop

C.shallstop

D.stop

【答案】A

【解析】句意:是我们停止砍伐热带雨林的吋候了。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.为固定句式,表示“是吋候某人该做某事了”,故排除C，D。B项为“必须,不得不”的过去式,而“it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.”潜在的含义有“必须”的意思,故排除。因此答案选A。

4.单选题

Studentshaveto（

）totherulesandregulationsoftheschool.

问题1选项

A.confirm

B.confront

C.confine

D.conform

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。confirm意为“确认”；confront意为“面对”；confine意为“限制”；conform意为“遵守，符合”。句意：学生必须遵守学校的规章制度。

5.单选题

Thegovernorsaidhewould（

）judgmentuntilhereceivedthecommittee’sreport.

问题1选项

A.withstand

B.withhold

C.scrutinize

D.ferret

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。withstand意为“经受，承受”；withhold意为“拒给，扣留”；scrutinize意为“仔细检查”；ferret意为“搜出，查获”。

句意：州长说，他将在收到委员会的报告后才做出判断。

6.单选题

SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyservedtorepresswomen’svoices.Patriarchalcultureandinstitutionsconstructedthemaschaste,silent,obedient,andsubordinate.Atthebeginningof17thcentury,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,andgenderhierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinTheTrewLawofFreeMonarchieandtheBasilikonDoron;bythatideologytheabsolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedintheabsolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily.Accordingly,awoman’ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarch,andofallChristianstoGod.Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressiveorovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomen’sphysicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewishness,andnaturalinferioritytomen.

Yetsomesocialandculturalconditionsservedtoempowerwomen.DuringtheElizabethanera(1558——1603)theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.Elizabethanwomenwritersbegantoproduceoriginaltextsbutwereoccupiedchieflywithtranslation.Inthe17thcentury,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowriteoriginaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities—mothersanddaughters,extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtofQueenAnne(KingJames’consort)andheroftenop-positionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation(modernlanguages,history,literature,religion,music,occasionallyLatin)andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistoriesmoreexpansivetermsforimaginingwomen’slives.Also,representationofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersinliteratureandespeciallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithicsocialconstructofwomen’snatureandrole.

Mostimportant,perhaps,wastheradicalpotentialinherentintheProtestantinsistenceoneveryChristian’simmediaterelationshipwithGodandprimaryresponsibilitytofollowhisorherindividualconscience.ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul’sepistlesandelsewhereintheBibleforpatriarchyandawife’ssubjectiontoherhusband,butsometexts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,promotingwomen’sspiritualequality:“ThereisneitherJewnorGreek,thereisneitherbondnorfree,thereisneithermalenorfemale:foryearealloneinJesusChrist.”SuchtextsencouragedsomewomentoclaimthesupportofGodthesupremepatriarchagainstthevariousearthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisstead.

Thereisalsothegaporslippagebetweenideologyandcommonexperience.Englishwomenthroughoutthe17thcenturyexercisedagooddealofactualpower;asmanagersofestatesintheirhusbands’absencesatcourtoronmilitaryanddiplomaticmissions;asmembersofguilds;aswivesandmotherswhosometimesdominatedtheirmenbysheerforceofpersonalityoroutrightdefiance.TheirpowerreacheditsapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnum(1640—60)astheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles—aspreachers,asprophetesses,asdeputiesforexiledroyalisthusbands,aswritersofreligiousandpoliticaltracts.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.WhatdidtheQueenElizabethdoforthewomeninculture?

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasareasontoenablewomentooriginaltexts?

4.Whatdidthereligiondoforthewomen?

5.Whatdoestheword“apex”meaninthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Women’sPositioninthe17thCentury.

B.Women’sSubjectiontoPatriarchy.

C.SocialCircumstancesinthe17thCentury.

D.Women’sObjectioninthe17thCentury.

问题2选项

A.Shesetanimpressivefemaleexampletofollow.

B.Shedominatedtheculture.

C.Shedidlittle.

D.Sheallowedwomentotranslatesomething.

问题3选项

A.Femalecommunitiesprovidedsomecounterweighttopatriarchy.

B.QueenAnne’spoliticalactivities.

C.Mostwomenhadagoodeducation.

D.QueenElizabeth’spoliticalactivities.

问题4选项

A.Itdidnothing.

B.Ittooaskedwomentobeobedientexceptsometexts.

C.Itsupportedwomen.

D.ItappealedtotheGod.

问题5选项

A.thelowestpoint

B.theend

C.ultimate

D.summit

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段主要是讲17世纪初，英国的社会环境主要是压制妇女的声音；第二段主要讲述17世纪，一些社会和文化条件赋予妇女权力；第三段讲述整个17世纪，英国女性行使了大量实际权力，并在中期达到顶峰。所以本文主要是论述17世纪英国妇女的地位。选项A正确。

2.根据第二段的第二句“DuringtheElizabethaneratheculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.”伊丽莎白时代的文化由一个强大的女王统治，尽管她为其他女性没有留下多少文化空间，但她本人却树立了一个令人印象深刻的女性榜样。由此推断，选项C符合原文。。

3.根据第二段后半部分的内容“Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities...,theseparatecourtofQueenAnneandheroftenop-positionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation”只有选项D没有提及。

4.根据第三段的第二句“Thereisplentyofsupport...,promotingwomen’sspiritualequality...”，在《圣保罗书信集》和《圣经》的其他地方都有很多支持父权制，认为妻子应该对丈夫的服从，但是一些文本(尤其是迦3:28章节)却记录了一种完全不同的政治，提倡妇女的精神平等。所以选项B符合原文。

5.根据下文“TheirpowerreacheditsapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnumastheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles”当时国王被处决，随之而来的社会等级制度被打破，导致许多女性获得了新的角色。由此推断，女性权力在英国内战和过渡期达到了顶峰，选项D正确。thelowestpoint指最低点；theend指终点；ultimate指终极的。

7.单选题

Themarksmanwaitedforthepheasantto（）cover.

问题1选项

A.seek

B.break

C.get

D.take

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项seek“寻求；寻找；探索；搜索”；B选项break“打破；骨折；违犯；弄坏；失灵；打断；终止”；C选项get“使得；获得；受到；变成；成为；变得；到达”；D选项take“拿，取；带去；使达到；偷走；夺取；买下”。根据固定搭配breakcover“跳出来；跳出躲藏处；从隐藏处出来”可知该题选break。句意：狙击手等着这只野鸡从隐蔽处出来。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses"probability"?

问题1选项

A.Youmustleaveimmediately.

B.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.

C.Youmustbeherebyeighto’clock.

D.Youmustcompletereadingassignmentontime.

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词。题干：下面哪个句子表达“可能性”？

must作情态动词，可以表示命令或推测。B选项表示推测，其他选项表示命令。

9.单选题

Hardtrainingwill______yourichlywhenitcomestotheactualcompetition.

问题1选项

A.pay

B.bring

C.serve

D.make

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项pay“支付，补偿，偿还”，B项bring“带来，提供，引起”，C项serve“招待，供应，为……服务”，D项make“使得，进行，布置，准备”。由Hardtrainingwill______yourichly“艰苦的训练将丰厚地……你”可知，“补偿”符合语境。句意：在真正的比赛中，艰苦的训练会给你带来丰厚的回报。因此，该题选择A项正确。

10.单选题

Theblackcloudsofgatheringthunderstormlookquite（

）.

问题1选项

A.ominous

B.negligible

C.overcast

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】ominous预兆的，不吉利的；negligible微不足道的，可忽略的；overcast愁闷的，阴暗的；obscure昏暗的，晦涩的，不清楚的。句意：乌云密布的雷暴看起来很不吉利。选项A更符合语境。

11.单选题

Onceaducklinghasidentifiedaparent,theinstinctivebondbecomesapowerful（

）foradditionallearningsince,by（

）theparent;theducklingcanacquirefurtherinformationthatisnotgeneticallytransmitted.

问题1选项

A.impulsesurpassing

B.referent...recognizing

C.inspiration...emulating

D.channel...mimicking

【答案】D

【解析】名词和动词词义辨析。A选项的impulse“推动，冲动，刺激”；surpass“优于或超过某人、某物”；B选项的referent“指示物”；recognize“认出，识别，承认”；C选项的inspiration“灵感，鼓舞或激励人的人或事物，好主意”；emulate“与…竞争，模仿，仿效”；D选项的channel“通道，频道，海峡”；mimicking“模仿，仿效”根据句意‘一旦某只小鸭辨认出其父母，这种带有本能性质的纽带便变成一条极有用的进行额外学习的渠道，因为通过模仿其父母，小鸭能进一步获取那些单靠基因遗传所无法传输给它的信息’可知应选D项。

12.单选题

Asateenager,Iwas（）byablindpassionforaslimstarIwouldnevermeetinmylife.

问题1选项

A.pursued

B.seduced

C.consumed

D.guaranteed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。pursue“追求”；seduce“引诱”；consume“消费；使……着迷”；guarantee“担保”。句意：作为一个年轻人，我痴迷于这位在生命中从未见过的苗条的明星。选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Anumberofloopholesstillremaininthecampaigncontributionlaw.

问题1选项

A.unprofitablesections

B.illogicalcontradictions

C.descriptionsforcheating

D.waysofevadingrules

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。loophole意为“(法律、合同等的)漏洞，空子”；unprofitablesections意为“无利可图的部分”；illogicalcontradictions意为“不合逻辑的矛盾”；descriptionsforcheating意为“欺骗描述”；waysofevadingrules意为“规避规则的方式”。

句意：竞选捐款法仍然存在一些漏洞。

14.单选题

Povertyandinadequatehealthcaretaketheirtollonthequalityofacommunity’shealth.

问题1选项

A.destruction

B.contribution

C.charge

D.origin

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。toll表示“代价”；A项destruction“损害，破坏”，B项contribution“贡献”，C项charge“费用”，D项origin“起源，出身”。句意：贫穷和卫生保健不足损害了社区的健康质量。根据句意可知A项正确。

15.单选题

Hardlyanything____morethanhappinessofseeingsomeoneusinghisdevicefortreatment.

问题1选项

A.pleasehim

B.doespleasehim

C.doeshimplease

D.pleaseshim

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pleasehim使他开心B.doespleasehim确实使他开心

C.doeshimplease确实是他开心D.pleaseshim使他开心

【答案】D

【考查点】主谓一致

【解题思路】该句的主语为anything“任何事情”，是一个不定代词，不定代词做主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。选项中的please为本句的谓语，其第三人称单数形式为pleases，him为本句的宾语。因此，D选项pleaseshim“使他开心”满足语法要求。

【干扰项排除】

A选项pleasehim，没有使用第三人称单数；

B选项doespleasehim，虽然hardly放在句首时一般需要部分倒装，但是，本句没有在主语anything的前面挖空，does的位置不对。另外，hardly放在句首也可以不使用部分倒装，只是这样就不表示强调了；

C选项doeshimplease，与B选项相同，does的位置不对，另外，him是宾语，应在please的后面。

【句意】没有什么比看到有人用他的设备治疗更让他高兴的了。

16.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

（1）孔子被中国各阶层的民众所铭记的原因有很多，其中一个最主要的因素就是孔子所倡导的教育方法—通过提问引导学生思考。他还坚持教育中最重要的是人格的塑造。从后人叙述的关于孔子的故事可知，他所倡导的是因材施教。

（2）多年来，中国共产党和中国政府从基本国情出发，把人民的生存权、发展权放在首位，致力于减贫脱贫，努力保障和改善民生，发展各项社会事业，使发展成果更多更公平地惠及全体人民，保障人民平等参与、平等发展的权利。

（3）最近的争论是关于修改欧盟的宪章问题。欧盟明年要增加十个成员国，需要有新的宪章来自我约束。因此各国政府正在构思修订有关外交事务、税收、政治避难和司法政策等问题的法规，并赋予欧洲议会更多的权利。

【答案】（1）TherearemanyreasonswhyConfuciuscanberememberedbyChinesepeoplefromallwalksoflife,oneofthemostimportantfactorsisthemethodofeducationadvocatedbyhim—toguidestudentstoponderbyaskingquestions.Moreover,heinsistedthattheshapingofpersonalitywasthemostimportantthingineducationalactivity.ThestoriesaboutConfuciustoldbylatergenerationsshownthatheproposedteachstudentsinaccordanceoftheiraptitude.

（2）Overtheyears,basedontheprevailingnationalconditions,theCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)andtheChinesegovernmenthaveremainedcommittedtoadevelopmentconceptthatputspeople’srighttosubsistenceandtodevelopmentfirst.Committedtoreducingandeliminatingpoverty,Chinahasendeavoredtoguaranteeandimprovepeople’swell-being,anddevelopedafullrangeofsocialundertakings,soastoensurethattheresultsofdevelopmentbenefitallthepeopleinafairerway,andthatallenjoytherightstoequalparticipationandequaldevelopment.

（3）TherecentdebatewasaboutmodifyingEUCharter.NextyearEUwillhavetenmemberstatesaddedtoitandneedanewChartertorestrainitself.Thus,eachmemberstateofEUisnowthinkingabouthowtorevisethelawsandregulationsconcerningforeignaffairs,taxation,politicalasylum,judicialpoliciesandsonon,andgiveEuropeanParliamentmorerights.

17.单选题

Hisfamilyhadalmostforgotten______like.

问题1选项

A.howhisfacewas

B.whichwashisface

C.whathisfacewas

D.thathisfacewas

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他的家人几乎已经忘记了他长的什么样子。根据句型itislike…，得出C选项whathisfacewas符合题意。因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Englandisexperiencingitshardestwinterforyears,someareas______undersixfeetfornearlytwomonths.

问题1选项

A.werelying

B.werelaid

C.havinglaid

D.havinglain

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.werelying在撒谎，正处于B.werelaid被覆盖，被放置

C.havinglaid覆盖，放置D.havinglain躺下，处于

【考查点】语态和动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子前半句意思“英格兰正在经历多年来最艰难的冬天”，可知，someareas（一些地区）是被大雪覆盖了，故用被动语态；而表示“覆盖”要用lay，所以werelaid正确。故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项都表述主动语态，排除。

【句意】英格兰正在经历多年来最艰难的冬天，一些地区被埋在6英尺大雪下近两个月。

19.单选题

Bymovingtheradarbeamaroundslowlyincircles,wecan（

）thesurroundings.

问题1选项

A.explore

B.expose

C.exploit

D.expand

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。explore意为“勘查，探测”；expose意为“揭露，揭发”；exploit意为“利用，开采”；expand意为“扩大，增加”。由句中的“theradar（雷达）”可知其作用是用来探测，因此选A。

句意：通过将雷达波束缓慢地绕着圈移动，我们可以探测周围环境。

20.单选题

IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflubecauseI’vebeenfeeling（）allday.

问题1选项

A.wretched

B.worried

C.wrecked

D.wicked

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。wretched“可怜的，卑鄙的”；worried“担心的”；wrecked“失事的；迷幻的”；wicked“邪恶的，恶劣的，不道德的”。句意：我觉得我染上流感了，因为我整天感觉不舒服。选项C符合题意。

21.单选题

Hadelectroniccomputersnotbeeninvented,manyproblemsofspaceflight（）.

问题1选项

A.couldnothavebeensolved

B.couldbesolved

C.cannotbesolved

D.couldnothavesolved

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气,从句为过去完成时,主句应用现在完成时,首先排除选项B和C。problem和solve之间是被动关系,所以选项A正确。

22.单选题

Thelawondrinkinganddrivingis（

）stated.

问题1选项

A.extravagantly

B.empirically

C.exceptionally

D.explicitly

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近义异词义辨析。extravagantly“挥霍无度地”；empirically“以经验为主地”；exceptionally“特殊地，例外地”；explicitly“明确地，明白地”。句子意思为：法律对饮酒和驾驶是有明确规定的。选项D符合题意。

23.单选题

Whenhelefthighschool,he（）togotocollegeandstudyforadegree,ratherthangetajobstraightaway.

问题1选项

A.opted

B.forwent

C.indulged

D.excelled

【答案】A

【解析】词义辨析题。opt选择，opttodosth.指选择做某事；forwent摒弃，放弃；indulge沉溺，放纵，后面一般接介词in；excelled超过，一般与at或in搭配。句意：高中毕业后，他选择上大学攻读学位，而不是直接找工作。选项A符合句意。

24.翻译题

节日,是一年中不同寻常的日子。欢乐、喜庆是节日习俗最为突出的特点。节日习俗中焕然一新的服饰、丰盛的饮食、热烈的庆祝活动以及对于居住环境的装点,都体现了这一精神。从远古时代起,中国人的祖先就创造出多种多样的传统节日习俗,以不同的形式展现出民族的风貌、风姿和风采,并深刻地影响着人们的社会生活,形成了丰富多彩、独具特色的风俗习惯。这些传统的节令习俗,随着社会的发展和生活条件的变化,不断丰富、发展和演变。汉族和中国少数民族的这些传统习俗,是民俗文化中珍贵的活化石,它镌刻在中华各民族子孙的生活中,给我们以多种多样的启迪。

【答案】Festivalsarespecialdaysoftheyear.Joyandjubilationarethemostprominentcharacteristicsoffestivalcustoms.Thisspiritisreflectedinthefestivecustomsofnewclothes,richfood,livelycelebrationsanddecorationsforthelivingenvironment.Sinceancienttimes,theancestorsofChinesepeoplehavecreatedavarietyoftraditionalfestivalcustoms,whichhaveshownthenationalstyle,charmandelegantdemeanorindifferentforms.Allofthesehavehadaprofoundimpactonpeople’ssociallife.Chinesepeoplehavebeenconstantlyenrichinganddevelopingthemwiththeevolvementofsocietiesandimprovementoflivingconditions.ThesetraditionalfestivalsandcustomsoftheHannationalityandotherminoritiesarepricelesslivefossilsoffolkculture,engravedinthedailylifeofeachnationalityandprovidingusallkindsofenlightment.

25.写作题

Wearepayingmoreattentiontothevulnerable(weak)groupsofpeopleinoursociety,suchasthedisabled,thesickelderly,thedivorcedmothers,andchildrenwithrural-workerparentsinbigcities,andetC.Whatisyourattitudetowardsthem?Pleasegiveyouropinion.Youmayfocusonaparticulargrouporthevulnerableasawholegroup.Writeapassageabout200words.Youmustshowyourclearpointofviewwithsufficientsupportingpoints.Youshouldhaveyourowntitle.

【答案】略

26.翻译题

Whileithasgraduallybeenintegratedintotheglobalsupplychain,China’smanufacturingsectorhashadtoconfrontenormouschallenges.Intermsofcapacityforscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,Chinaranks28thoutof49majorcountriesaroundtheglobe.WiththatrankingChinaisnotonlybehindthedevelopedworld,butalsobehindBrazil,Indiaandsomeotherdevelopingcountries.Inrecentyears,withgrowingamountsofdirectforeigninvestmentandtheadventofglobalization,multinationalshavequickenedthepaceoftechnologytransfers,affordingthecountryanopportunitytolearnthelatesttechnologies.

【答案】虽然中国已经逐渐进入全球供应链，但其制造业不得不面对巨大的挑战。就科技创新能力而言，中国在全球49个主要国家中排名第28位。按照这样的排名，中国不仅落后于发达国家，而且落后于巴西、印度和其他一些发展中国家。近年来，随着外商直接投资的增加和全球化的到来，跨国公司加快了技术转让步伐，为中国提供了学习最新技术的机会。

27.单选题

OnOctober11th,1994,JohnForbesNash,Jr.wontheNobelPrizeforpioneeringworkingametheory.

NashbeganhisPh.D.atPrincetonin1948whenhewasjust20.Whilehewasstillonly21,liewrotea27doctoraldissertationongametheory(博弈论)——themathematicsofcompetition.ThegreatJohnvonNeuman,thenatPrinceton,hadtreatedwin-losecompetitions.NowNashshowedhowtoconstructmathematicalsituationsinwhichbothsideswon.Hefoundstablesituationswherenopersoncontinuestoprofitfromcompetition.

Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.Thisyounggeniushadsucceeded.

HewentontoMITandforeightyearsgreatlyimpressedthemathematicalworld.Heworkedineconomics.HeeveninventedthegameofHex,marketedbyparkerBrothers.Hemarriedin1957.NewYorkTimeswriterSilviaNasartellshowFortuneMagazinesingledhimoutinJuly1958asAmerica'sbrilliantyoungstarofthe“newmathematics”.Everythingwasgoingsmoothly.

Then,disaster!Mentalillnessovertookhim.He’donceastonishedmathematicianswithhisunlikelyresults.Nowhisresultsstoppedmakingsense,andthedividinglinewasn’tclearatfirst.Hebeganlookingforsecretmessagesinnumbers.

Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.

For25years,mentalillnesscontrolledJohnNash.Itwasinthemid-1980sthatNashatlastlearnedtomanagehisillnessand,onceagain,hecoulddomathematics.Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.

1.NashwontheNobelPrize（

）.

2.Theword“They”(Para.3)refersto

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.WhydoyouthinkNashmadehisachievementinthefieldofmathematicsbutwashonoredwiththeNobelPrizeforeconomicsinstead?

5.Thepurposeofthisarticlemightbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.forpioneeringworkinestablishingatheory

B.forcombiningmathematicswitheconomics

C.forgreatlyimpressingthemathematicalworldfor8years

D.forhismerit

问题2选项

A.theoreticaleconomists

B.Nashandhiscolleagues

C.Nashandotherscientists

D.competitors

问题3选项

A.Nash’swifedivorcedhim,butgavehimahouseasagift.

B.Nash’swifeagreedthatherpregnancycontributedtoNash’smentalcollapse.

C.Theauthorthinksit’srighttoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.

D.Theauthorthinksit’sunfairtoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.

问题4选项

A.Becausehisgametheorydrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.

B.Becausehisgametheoryhasbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.

C.Becauseheturnedhisgametheoryintoatool.

D.BecauseNashwasaneconomist.

问题5选项

A.totellastoryofamathematicsgenius

B.todepictamathematicsgenius

C.totellthereadersaboutJohnForbesNash.Jr.

D.totellhowNashconqueredhismentalillness

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段的内容“JohnForbesNash,Jr.因博弈论的开创性工作获得诺贝尔奖。”选项A符合原文。

第2题:语义题。根据第三段的内容“Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.”Nash介绍了一些全新的东西。他引起了理论经济学家的注意。他们把博弈论变成了一种工具。由此可知，这里的“they”指的是上句中的“theoreticaleconomists”。所以选项A正确。

第3题:判断推理题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.”离婚后，他的妻子把他安置在普林斯顿。而不是送了一套房子给他，所以选项A错误；根据倒数第二段第一句“Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.”20世纪50年代的心理学家们声称，他妻子的怀孕让他陷入了崩溃的边缘。但原文并没有说这是导致他精神崩溃的原因，所以选项B错误；再根据倒数第二段第二句“Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!”虽然英文表达为感叹句，但其实这里应该翻译为：将责任归因于一位因精神崩溃的丈夫而背负巨大压力的女性真的好吗？潜在意思是说，这是不公平的，所以选项C错误，选项D正确。

第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段最后几句“Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.”与此同时，博弈论已经成为商业和经济学的主要工具。相关领域的所有文章都基于Nash具有重大意义的研究成果。最后，Nash获得了诺贝尔经济学奖。由此可知，是因为Nash的博弈论已经成为商业和经济学的主要工具，所以他获得的是诺贝尔经济奖。选项B正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是Nash的一生。他虽然精通数学领域，但他获得的却是诺贝尔经济奖。所以选项A和B错误；选项D“讲述Nash是如何战胜精神疾病的”只是他人生的一部分，所以选项D错误；选项C为正确答案。

28.单选题

Russia’seconomy—untilrecentlyoneofthefastestgrowinginEurope—isindirestraits.Traditionalindustriessuchassteelarehurtingbadly.Thedecade-longconsumerboomhasturnedintoaslumpasunemploymentsoars.Thegovernmenthascashtospendafteryearsofsensiblebudgetpolicies,butthecentralbankwillbeforcedtokeepinterestrateshighaslongasinflationisstuckindoubledigitsandtrustintherubleremainsshaky.

ThereversalinRussia’seconomicfortunesisparticularlypainful.Since1998—theyearofRussia’slastfinancialcrisis—theeconomyhasexpandedeight-fold.Asoilpricesrocketed,sodidthecountry’sself-confidence.Notcontentwithpresidingovertheeconomicboom,thePresidentVladimirPutinvowedtorestorehiscountry’sgreatpowerstatus.TalksaboutapartnershipwiththeWestgavewaytobelligerentstatementsaboutanewColdWar.Inthesummerof2008,RussiantankstrundledintoGeorgia.Inearly2009,adisputewithneighboringUkraineledRussiatocutoffgasflows,leavingpeopleinsomeEuropeanUnioncountriesfreezingandfactoriesidle.MostEuropeanswanttoseeRussiastableandwell-off.Buttheyalsobelievethattheeconomiccrisismightbringopportunitiesforapoliticalrapprochement.SomehopethattherecessionmightjustmaketheRussianleadershipalittlemorehumbleoratleasttriggerreformsthatwouldmakeiteasierfor