考研考博-英语-中央民族大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中央民族大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

It（

）atleast50%offtheregularpriceofeitherframesorlenseswhenyoubuyboth.

问题1选项

A.entitlesyouto

B.providesyou

C.suppliesyoufor

D.givesyouto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项entitlesyouto“给你……权”；B选项providesyou“提供你”；C选项suppliesyoufor“为你提供”；D选项givesyouto“给你”。句意：当你镜框和镜片都买了的话，它会给你镜框或者镜片半价的折扣。这里答案选A，只有当你镜框和镜片都买，你才有半价权利。provide后面不能接双宾语，所以不选；give可以接双宾语，所以不需要加to；supply一般与with或者to搭配，所以C选项错误。

2.单选题

Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere,thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle.Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes,ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother.Amid-oceanridgeisaboundarybetweenplateswherenewlithosphericmaterialisinjectedfrombelow.AStheplatesdivergefromamid-oceanridgetheyslideonamoreyieldinglayeratthebaseofthelithosphere.

SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.Thesiteofthisdestructionisanotherkindofplateboundary:asubductionzone.Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.Bothkindsofplateboundaryareassociatedwithfaultsystems,earthquakesandvolcanism,butthekindsofgeologicactivityobservedatthetwoboundariesarequitedifferent.

Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.Asmagmarisesunderthemid-oceanridge,ferromagneticmineralsinthemagmabecomemagnetizedinthedirectionofthegeomagneticfield.Whenthemagmacooksandsolidifies,thedirectionandthepolarityofthefieldarepreservedinthemagnetizedvolcanicrock.Reversalsofthefieldgiverisetoaseriesofmagneticstripesrunningparalleltotheaxisoftherift.Theoceaniccrustthusservesasamagnetictaperecordingofthehistoryofthegeomagneticfieldthatcanbedatedindependentlythewidthofthestripesindicatestherateofthesea-floorspreading.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereareapproximatelyhowmanylithosphericplates?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttectonicplates?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthelithosphereisLEASTlikelytobetrue?

5.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheperiodicreversaloftheEarth’smagneticfield?

问题1选项

A.Magneticfieldreversal.

B.Theformationofmagma.

C.Thelocationofmid-oceanridges.

D.Platetectonictheory.

问题2选项

A.Six.

B.Twelve.

C.Twenty-fourormore.

D.Onethousandninehundred.

问题3选项

A.Theyaremovinginrelationshiptooneother.

B.Theyhaveunchangingborders.

C.Theyarelocatedfarbeneaththelithosphere.

D.Theyhavethesameshape.

问题4选项

A.ItisarelativelyinflexiblelayeroftheEarth.

B.Itismadeupentirelyofvolcanicash.

C.ItincludesthecrustandsomeofthemantleoftheEarth.

D.Itisdividedintoplatesofvariousshapesandsizes.

问题5选项

A.Itisinexplicable.

B.Itsupportsthehypothesisofsea-floorspreading.

C.Itwasdiscoverybeforethe1960’s.

D.Itindicatestheamountofmagmapresent.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段第一句交代了Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere（板块构造理论描述的是岩石圈的运动），随后对此话题进行展开，D选项“板块构造理论”正确，A选项“磁场逆转”，B选项“岩浆的形成”和C选项“洋中海脊的位置”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes（岩石圈被划分为几十个大小和形状各异的板块），可知C选项“24个或更多”符合题意。A选项“6”，B选项“12”和D选项“1900”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother（通常这些板块都处于相对运动中），可知A选项“它们在相对位移”正确。B选项“它们的边界不变”和D选项“它们的形状相同”：根据第二段第二、三句Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.（在那里，一块板块俯冲到另一块板块的边缘之下并与地幔结合在一起。），可知边界会改变，形状也不会相同。C选项“它们位于岩石圈深处”：根据第一段第一句Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere（板块构造理论描述岩石圈的运动），可知板块构造包括整个岩石圈。因此A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.（在20世纪60年代它的理论雏形中，描述了海底的生成和毁灭，但没有详细介绍坚硬的岩石圈板块。），可知这一段讲述的是海洋中岩石圈的情况，不是所有的，没有普遍性，B选项“它完全由火山灰构成”过于绝对，不符合文章内容。A选项“它是地球上一个相对不灵活的层”：根据第二段第一句SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.（由于地球的大小本质上是不变的，只有同等数量的岩石圈物质在其它地方被吞没，新的岩石圈才能生成。），可知岩石圈物质总体没有质的变化，只有数的变化，所以即使有生有灭，但是相对不灵活，符合文章内容。C选项“它包括地球的地壳和部分地幔”：根据第一段第一句thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle（岩石圈是相对坚硬的地球外层，包括全部地壳和部分地幔。），可知符合文章内容。D选项“它被分成各种形状和大小的板块”：根据第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes（岩石圈被划分为几十个大小和形状各异的板块），可知符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.（海产品传播的观点实际上早于板块构造理论。）和第三句ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.（这个假设不久之后为发现所证实。该发现表明地球磁场周期性的逆转被记录在海洋地壳中。），可知作者讲述地球磁场的周期性逆转是为了支持海底扩张假说，B选项“支持海底扩张假说”正确，A选项“这无法解释”错误。C选项“在20世纪60年代之前被发现”：根据第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s（在20世纪60年代，它的理论雏形中），可知这是在20世纪60年代被发现而非在这之前。D选项“它表明岩浆的数量”。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewhealitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,not'theexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree,JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicinehasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisOneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned（便形成条件反射）micetoavoidsaccharin（糖精）bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweeterandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthe'highestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

1.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhoturnofftheelectricity（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto（

）.

3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAcer'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat

（

）.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablyreasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder'sexperimentwasthat

（

）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals（

）.

问题1选项

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

问题2选项

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

问题3选项

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itledstomachpains

C.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

问题4选项

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybysaccharin

B.thesweetenedwaspoisontothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

问题5选项

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.（Laudenslager发现，无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，而那些能关掉电源的老鼠去没有受到影响）可知选B。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.（但是，如果这些动物遇到了它们无法控制的情况，那么当它们面对他们能够控制的经验时，它们会表现出被动的行为）可知选C。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.（把糖精和胃痛联系起来，老鼠很快就学会了避免吃甜味剂）可知选D。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的第一句Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.（人们偶然发现了大脑如何改变免疫反应的最开始的例子之一）和最后一句Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.（他只能推测，他已经成功地对老鼠进行了调节，现在单用糖精就足以削弱它们的免疫系统，足以杀死它们）可推测Ader’s的实验中老鼠死亡的最可能原因是大脑改变了它们的免疫系统，因此选C

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段中提出了本文的主题stressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimals（压力似乎会影响低等动物的免疫防御能力），然后举例证明其观点。第一段中Laudenslager的实验证明：对事物缺乏控制力造成了免疫系统的弱化，而不是由实验本身造成的；第二段中JayWeiss认为：被允许控制不愉快刺激的动物不会产生睡眠障碍或典型的应激大鼠的大脑化学变化；最后一段中Ader’s的实验表明：他已经成功地对老鼠进行了调节，现在单用糖精就足以削弱它们的免疫系统。这些实验是在一些特定条件下进行的，因此可推断动物的免疫系统能被条件反射所削弱，因此选A。

4.单选题

Therearesomeearthphenomenayoucancounton,butthemagneticfield,somedayisnotofthem.Itfluctuatesinstrength,driftsfromitsaxis,andeveryfew100,000yearsundergo,dramaticpolarityreversal—aperiodwhenNorthPolebecomesSouthPoleandSouthPolebecomesNorthPole.Buthowisthefieldgenerated,andwhyisitsounstable?

GroundbreakingresearchbytwoFrenchgeophysicistspromisestoshedsomelightonthemystery.Using80metersofdeepseasediment（沉淀物）core,theyhaveobtainedmeasurementsofmagnetic-fieldintensitythatspan11polarityreversalsandfourmillionyears.Theanalysisrevealsthatintensityappearstofluctuatewithaclear,well-definedrhythm.Althoughthestrengthofthemagneticfieldvariesirregularlyduringtheshortterm,thereseemstobeaninevitablelong-termdeclineprecedingeachpolarityreversal.Whenthepolesflip—aprocessthattakesseveralhundredthousandyears—themagneticfieldrapidlyregainsitsstrengthandthecycleisrepeated.

Theresultshavecausedastiramonggeophysicists.Themagneticfieldisthoughttooriginatefrommolten（熔化的）ironintheoutercore,3,000kilometersbeneaththeearth'ssurface.Bystudyingmineralgrainsfoundinmaterialrangingfromrockstoclayarticles,previousresearchershavealreadybeenabletoidentifyreversalsdatingback170millionyears,includingthemostrecentswitch730,000yearsago.Howandwhytheyoccur,however,hasbeenwidelydebated.Severaltheorieslinkpolarityflipstoexternaldisasterssuchasmeteor（流星）impacts.ButPeterOlson,ageophysicistattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,saysthisisunlikelyiftheFrenchresearchersareright.Infact,Olsonsays,intensitythatpredictablydeclinesfromonereversaltothenextcontradicts90percentofthemodelscurrentlyunderstudy.Iftheresultsprovetobevalid,geophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth’sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesismostappropriatetothepassage?

2.Theword“flip”(Line6,Para.2）mostprobablymeans（

）.

3.WhathavethetwoFrenchgeophysicistsdiscoveredintheirresearch?

4.TheFrenchgeophysicists'studyisdifferentfromcurrentlyprevailingtheoriesin（

）.

5.InPeterOslo'sopiniontheFrenchexperiment（

）.

问题1选项

A.PolarityReversal:AFantasticPhenomenonofNature.

B.MeasurementoftheEarth'sMagnetic-FieldIntensity.

C.FormationoftheTwoPolesoftheEarth.

D.ANewApproachtotheStudyofGeophysics.

问题2选项

A.decline

B.intensify

C.fluctuate

D.reverse

问题3选项

A.Someregularityinthechangesoftheearth'smagneticfield.

B.Somecausesofthefluctuationoftheearth'smagneticfield.

C.Theoriginoftheearth'smagneticfield.

D.Thefrequencyofpolarityreversals.

问题4选项

A.itsidentificationoftheoriginoftheearth'smagneticfield

B.thewaytheearth'smagneticintensityismeasured

C.itsexplanationoftheshiftintheearth'spolarity

D.thewaytheearth'sfluctuationrhythmisdefined

问题5选项

A.islikelytodirectfurtherresearchintheinnerphysicsoftheearth

B.hassuccessfullysolvedthemysteryofpolarityreversals

C.iscertaintohelppredictexternaldisasters

D.hascausedgreatconfusionamongtheworld'sgeophysicists

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章在第一段最后提出问题“磁场是怎么产生的，为什么会如此不稳定？”（Buthowisthefieldgenerated,andwhyisitsounstable?）；紧接着第二段提到两位法国地球物理学家进行了开创性的研究在一定程度上提供了线索；文章最后一段最后两句话提到“如果这些结果被证明是正确的，地球物理学家将有一种新理论来指导他们去探究地球内部物理学。它确实为将来的研究指明了方向。”（Iftheresultsprovetobevalid,geophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth’sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch），由此可知选项D“地球物理学的新的研究方法”符合题意。

第2题:词义题。文章第二段倒数第二句话提到“虽然磁场强度变化短时间内没有规律，但是好像在每一次两极逆转之前，都有一个不可避免的下降过程”（Althoughthestrengthofthemagneticfieldvariesirregularlyduringtheshortterm,thereseemstobeaninevitablelong-termdeclineprecedingeachpolarityreversal），polarityreversal的意思是“两极逆转”，可推测“polesflip”与之同义，flip有“翻转”的意思。选项D符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。文章第二段第三句话提到“分析显示，强度的波动看起来有明显、准确的节奏”（Theanalysisrevealsthatintensityappearstofluctuatewithaclear,well-definedrhythm），由此可知选项A“地球磁场变化有一些规律”符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到“然而，这种转换是怎样发生的？原因是什么？争论激烈。几种理论把两极转换同流星碰撞这类的外部灾难联系起来。但是奥尔森认为如果法国研究者是正确的话，这几种理论就不能成立了”（Severaltheorieslinkpolarityflipstoexternaldisasterssuchasmeteor（流星）impacts.ButPeterOlson,ageophysicistattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,saysthisisunlikelyiftheFrenchresearchersareright），选项C“地球两极的解释”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一段最后两句话提到“如果这些结果被证明是正确的，地球物理学家将有一种新理论来指导他们去探究地球内部物理学。它确实为将来的研究指明了方向。”（Iftheresultsprovetobevalid,geophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth’sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch），选项A“指导地球内部物理学的进一步研究”符合题意。

5.多选题

多选题测试，请勿组卷到其他试卷当中，题干内容展示测试0.0

问题1选项

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

问题2选项

A.E

B.D

C.C

D.B

E.A

【答案】第1题:A、B、C

第2题:B、C、D、E

【解析】第1题:试题解析测试

第2题:JIEXI

6.单选题

Shedecidedto（）herstudiesafterobtainingherfirstdegree.

问题1选项

A.recognize

B.pursue

C.accomplish

D.ensure

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在取得她的第一个学位后,她决定继续她的学业。

考查动词辨析。recognize识别,承认;pursue继续,从事,追赶;accomplish完成,实现,达到;ensure保证,确保,使安全。因此B符合句意。

7.单选题

Classifiedadvertisingisthatadvertisingwhichisgroupedincertainsectionsofthepaperandisthusdistinguishedfromdisplayadvertising.Suchgroupingsas“HelpWanted”，“RealEstate”“LostandFound”aremade,theratechargedbeinglessthanfordisplayadvertising.Classifiedadvertisementsareaconveniencetothereaderandasavingtotheadvertiser.

Thereaderwhoisinterestedinaparticularkindofadvertisementfindsalladvertisementsofthattypegroupedforhim.Theadvertisersmay,onthisaccount,useaverysmalladvertisementifitwereplacedamonglargeradvertisementsinthepaper.Itisevidentthatthereaderapproachestheclassifiedadvertisementinadifferentframeofmindfromthatinwhichheapproachestheotheradvertisementsinthepaper.Heturnstoapageofclassifiedadvertisementstosearchfortheparticularadvertisementthatwillmeethisneeds.Ashisattentionisvoluntary,theadvertiserdoesnotneedtorelytoomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthereader'sattention.Formerlyallclassifiedadvertisementswereofthesamesizeanddidnothavedisplaytype.Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader'sattention.Inmanycases,theresulthasbeenanincreaseinthesizeofthespaceusedandtheadditionofheadlinesandpictures.Inthatway,theclassifiedadvertisementhasinrealityadvertisement.Thisisparticularlytrueofrealestateadvertising.

1.AllofthefollowingfactsareadvantagesofclassifiedadvertisementforadvertisersEXCEPTthat（）.

2.Oneoftheexamplesgivenabouttypesofclassifiedadvertisementis（）.

3.Whatsortofattitudedopeoplehavewhentheylookatclassifiedadvertisement,accordingtothewriter?

4.Accordingtothepassage,inwhichwayhavetheclassifiedadvertisementschangednowadays?

5.Whyhaveclassifiedadvertisementschangedinappearance?

问题1选项

A.classifiedadvertisementchargeslessmoney

B.itiseasiertoattracttheattentionofthetargetconsumers

C.itprovidesmoreinformationforthereaders

D.itdoesnothavetorelytoomuchondisplaytype

问题2选项

A.housesforsale

B.peoplewhoareaskingforhelp

C.peoplewhoarelost

D.jobvacancies

问题3选项

A.Theyareintheframeofmindtobuyanything

B.Theyarelookingforsomethingtheyneed

C.Theyfeellostbecausetherearesomanyadvertisements

D.Theyfeelthesameaswhentheylookatdisplayadvertisements

问题4选项

A.Theydependmoreondisplaytype.

B.Moremoneyischargedforthem.

C.Theyaredividedintomoregroups.

D.Theyarelessformal.

问题5选项

A.Becausepeoplenolongerwantheadlinesandpictures.

B.Becauserealestateadvertisingisparticularlytruthfulnow.

C.Becausetheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisementsmeanstheyhavetobesmallnow.

D.Becausetherearemoreadvertisementsnowandmorecompetitionamongadvertisers.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“theratechargedbeinglessthanfordisplayadvertising.收费低于展示广告。”和第二段“Ashisattentionisvoluntary,theadvertiserdoesnotneedtorelytoomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthereader'sattention由于读者的注意力是自愿的，因此不需要过分依赖展示类型来吸引读者的注意力。”可知ABD项文中都有提及，故答案C。

2.细节事实题。由第一段“Suchgroupingsas“HelpWanted”，“RealEstate”“LostandFound”aremade诸如“招聘”、“房地产”、“失物招领”等。”可知RealEstate对应A项，故答案选A。

3.细节事实题。由第二段“Heturnstoapageofclassifiedadvertisementstosearchfortheparticularadvertisementthatwillmeethisneeds.他翻开一页分类广告，寻找能满足他需要的特定广告。”可知B项正确。

4.细节事实题。由第二段“Inmanycases,theresulthasbeenanincreaseinthesizeofthespaceusedandtheadditionofheadlinesandpictures.Inthatway,theclassifiedadvertisementhasinrealityadvertisement.在许多情况下，其结果是增加了使用空间的大小，增加了标题和图片。这样，分类广告就有了现实广告。”可知分类广告更依赖展现形式。A项正确。

5.细节事实题。由第二段“Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader'sattention.然而，随着此类广告数量的增加，同一群体中的每一个广告客户都在与同一群体中的其他客户竞争以吸引读者的注意力。”可知由于竞争加大导致分类广告发生了变化。故D项正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

8.单选题

Thepolice,tryingto（

）exactlywhowasattheparty,areinvestigatingeverypersonconcerned.

问题1选项

A.ascertain

B.arrest

C.imagine

D.count

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ascertain“确定；查明”；arrest“逮捕；阻止”；imagine“想象；猜想”；count“计算；认为”。句意：警察试图查明有谁参加了那场聚会，正在调查每一个人。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Thatthedriver（

）inordertoavoidanaccidentcouldbeprovenbyexaminingthemarksonthepavement.

问题1选项

A.swerved

B.accelerated

C.dissolved

D.withdrew

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那个司机突然转向是为了避免意外发生，这可以通过检查路面印记予以证实。

动词辨析。Swerve突然转向;accelerate加速，促进;dissolve溶解，解散;withdraw撤退，离开。故A符合句意。

10.单选题

TheboardofDirectorsdecidedthatmoreyoungmenwhowerequalifiedwouldbe（）importantpositions.

问题1选项

A.insertedinto

B.furnishedwith

C.installedin

D.attributedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语搭配。insertinto“插入，写入”；furnishedwith“提供”；installedin“把……安装于”；attributeto“归因于……”。根据youngman与importantpositions可知是将“合格的年轻人放到重要的位置”，选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Environmentalistsaredoingeverythingwithintheirpowerto（）theimpactoftheoilspill.

问题1选项

A.reject

B.belittle

C.minimize

D.reclaim

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

动词词义辨析。reject“拒绝”；belittle“轻视，贬低”；minimize“最小化”；reclaim“开拓，回收利用”。句意：环保人士正在尽其所能将石油泄漏的影响降到最低。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Youcouldrefuseto_______yourSocialSecuritynumberexceptforSocialSecuritypurposes,whichisallthatthelawrequires.

问题1选项

A.expound

B.divulge

C.apprehend

D.unriddle

【答案】B

【解析】expound详细说明,解释;divulge泄露,暴露;apprehend领会,理解;unriddle阐明。句意：你可以拒绝透露你的社会保险号，除非是出于社会保障的目的，这是法律的规定。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursociety.

Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica'sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,buteverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.

Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime,itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcompositionpublication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe'veknownit.

1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeopledrawnbytheauthoris（

）.

2.Theauthor'sbiggestconcernis

（

）.

3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis

（

）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofproseorpoemis（

）.

问题1选项

A.fairlyright

B.ratherbleak

C.veryimpressive

D.quiteencouraging

问题2选项

A.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassics

B.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S

C.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass

问题3选项

A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

C.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

D.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput

问题4选项

A.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

B.toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C.tothinkitoverconscientiously

D.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.（我几乎没有必要引证所有令人沮丧的人们的识字状况）可知B选项“相当凄凉”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.（但我今天担心的与其说是基本识字这个压倒性的问题，不如说是一个更为奢侈的问题，即美国中产阶层读者阅读技能的衰退，他们不愿意在安静的地方，牺牲难得在家的时间，集中注意力用以读书，而这些与经典阅读行为息息相关）可知D选项“中产阶级的阅读能力与阅读行为”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica'sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.（有人认为，近80%的受过良好教育的青少年，在没有背景音乐和闪烁的电视屏幕的陪伴下就无法阅读）和thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration（而在这种边阅读边在背景的干扰下进行理解的新方法使人们不可能对所阅读的东西全神贯注地加以理解）可知C选项“他们缺乏注意力和基本理解力”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.（更不用说人们对他们真正喜欢的诗歌或散文给予的最高评价了，那就是把它记在心里）可知A选项“能够欣赏它并记住它”符合题意。

14.单选题

Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror“provider”andpurchaseror“consumer”inthetypicaldoctor—patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuye