考研考博-英语-云南经贸外事职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南经贸外事职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Everyoneistryingto（）howthefirestarted.

问题1选项

A.figureout

B.makeout

C.turnout

D.clearout

【答案】B

【解析】figureout"计算岀;估计";makeout"理解;辨认岀";turnout"生产,结果是";clearout"清除,扫出"。根据句意：每个人都想弄明白火是如何开始的。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted.Thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioral”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehavioralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga’’donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple’sSafaribothofferDNT;Google’sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftsetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehavioraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8—thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavorablywithGoogle’sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft’schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:“webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol.”Coulditreallybethatsimple?

1.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioral”adshelpadvertisersto（

）.

2.“Theindustry”(Line5,Para.3)refersto

（

）.

3.TheauthorholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph.6?

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof（

）.

问题1选项

A.easecompetitionamongthemselves

B.lowertheiroperationalcosts

C.avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

D.providebetteronlineservices

问题2选项

A.onlineadvertisers

B.e-commerceconductors

C.digitalinformationanalysis

D.internetbrowserdevelopers

问题3选项

A.maycutthenumberofjunkads

B.failstoaffecttheadindustry

C.willnotbenefitconsumers

D.goesagainsthumannature

问题4选项

A.DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose.

B.AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT.

C.DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers.

D.Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehavioralads.

问题5选项

A.indulgence

B.understanding

C.appreciation

D.skepticism

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“behavioral”ads定位至第一段:Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted.Thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioral”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy(俗话说得好一半的广告预算都被浪费了，但问题是没有人知道是哪一半广告预算被浪费了。在互联网时代，至少在理论上可以大幅减少这部分被浪费的广告预算。通过观看人们在线搜寻、点击和说什么，公司可以将‘行为’广告针对那些最可能购买东西的人)。由此可知B项“减少他们的运营成本”正确。

2.词义题。根据题干定位至第三段:InDecember2010America’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga“donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed(2010年12月美国联邦贸易委员会向互联网浏览器提供者们提议增加一个‘不要跟踪’的选项，以便互联网使用者可以告诉广告商他们不想被跟踪)由此可推知D项“互联网浏览器开发者”正确。

3.推理判断题。第五段指出:GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso(尽管一些公司己承诺在得到不要跟踪的信号后停止跟踪，但是获取该信号却没有强制任何人去这样做)。因此C项“不会让消费者受益”正确。

4.判断推理题。第六段:AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow(另外还不清楚微软公司为何独自将‘不要跟踪’作为微软网页浏览器10的默认设置。毕竟微软公司也有网上广告业务，尽管微软公司声称自己的网上广告业务将遵守‘不要跟踪’请求，但是它仍然正在想如何进行)。因此A项“‘不要跟踪'可能不能达到它的预期目的”正确。

5.观点态度题。第六段作者说:Coulditreallybethatsimple?这真的有可能那么简单吗？因此D项“怀疑的态度”正确。

3.单选题

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing（）whenintroducedintothecommerceofanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

问题1选项

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】上下文语义。句意：一种产品以低于正常价值的价格进入另一国家的贸易时，被认为是。根据语境可知，这里应填入与进出口货物相关的词汇。dump指倾销，符合语境，选项D正确。

4.单选题

Withintenyearstheyhavetamedthe（

）hillintogreenwoods.

问题1选项

A.vacant

B.barren

C.weird

D.wasteful

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。vacant“空虚的；空的”；barren“贫瘠的；不生育的”;weird“怪异的”；wasteful“浪费的”。句意：十年时间他们把荒山变成了绿色林地。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood,_______theircleanness,toughnessandlowcost.Buttheyareharmfultoenvironment.

问题1选项

A.byvirtueof

B.inadditionto

C.forthesakeof

D.asopposedto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项byvirtueof“由于”；B选项inadditionto“除……之外（还有，也）”；C选项forthesakeof“为了……的利益”；D选项asopposedto“与……截然相反”。句意：塑料袋虽然_______干净、韧性强和成本低，可以盛装很多种食物，但是对环境有害。根据语境，这里指塑料袋因为干净等特点，所以可以盛装食物，所以byvirtueof“由于”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

6.翻译题

1.EversincethefinancialtsunamisweptallbeforeitinSeptember2008,manypeoplehavesavedfuriously.That’sagoodthing,butthere’satemptationtolosethatdisciplineoncethestormcloudsstarttobreak.

Whiletheeconomyremainsfragileandmanypeoplearestilloutofwork,signsofrecoveryarebecomingmoreandmoreapparent.AmongyourNewYear’sresolutionsincludeasavingsgoal?Thatisafunctionofyourregularincome,evenifit’snotalargeamountofmoney.

Maintainingthedisciplineiscrucial.Theamountofsavingscangrowovertime.

2.Adviceonhowtosaveforretirementoryourkid’scollegeisplentiful.Lessplentifulisguidanceonwhatkindofrainy-dayfundyoushouldhave.

3.Arainy-dayfund,whichyoursavingsplancanfeed,shouldcoveraboutsixmonthsofincome.It’saformofpersonalinsurance,valuableintheserapidlychangingtimes.

Thisfundshouldbekeptinsafeandeasy-to-tapassets.Ladderingcertificatesofdepositoutsixmonthsisoneway.

【答案】1.自2008年9月金融海啸将一切席卷一空以来，很多人都在疯狂地攒钱。这是好事，不过一旦风暴的阴云开始消散，这样的自律就可能丧失。

2.有关如何为退休和孩子上大学攒钱有很多的建议。但说得较少的是应该建立哪种应急基金。

3.应急基金的钱可以来自你的攒钱计划。它应该相当于约6个月的收入。这是个人保险的一种形式，在眼下这种变化迅速的时代非常重要。

7.单选题

Manyofthesuccessfulmen,hadtheybeenabletochooseforthemselves,wouldhaveselectedsomequitedifferentprofessions（）theyhavemadefortunes.

问题1选项

A.fromthatinwhich

B.fromwhich

C.inwhich

D.fromwhat

【答案】A

【解析】fromthatinwhich相当于(differentprofession)fromtheprofessionsinwhichtheymakefortunesinsth“靠……致富”。只有A正确。

8.单选题

Theareaaroundthemainrailroadstationandexhibitionhalloffersan（）combinationofancienthistoryandnaturalhistory.

问题1选项

A.arrogant

B.agreeable

C.ambitious

D.innocent

【答案】B

【解析】arrogant自大的,傲慢的；agreeable令人愉快的,和蔼可亲的；ambitious野心勃勃的；innocent无知的。句意：主火车站和展览馆周围的区域呈现出古代历史和自然历史的完美结合。根据句意这里应填入的为褒义词,所以选项B符合语境。

9.单选题

Scientistshavefoundthatscents（

）efficiencyandreducestressamongofficeworkers.

问题1选项

A.enhance

B.amplify

C.foster

D.magnify

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance意为“提高，增加”；amplify意为“放大，扩大”；foster意为“培养”；magnify意为“放大”。

句意：科学家们发现，气味能提高办公室职员的效率，减轻他们的压力。

10.单选题

Whengivinganygeneraloverviewofthedevelopmentanduseofmachinetranslation(MT)systemsandtranslationtools,itisimportanttodistinguishfourbasictypesoftranslationdemand.

Thefirst,andtraditionaltypeofdemandisfortranslationsofaqualitynormallyexpectedfromhumans,i.e.translationsofpublishablequality.ThisillustratestheuseofMTfordissemination.Ithasbeensatisfied,tosomeextent,bymachinetranslationsystemseversincetheywerefirstdevelopedinthe1960s.However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or“controlled”invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.SomeMTsystemshave,however,beendevelopedtodealwithaverynarrowrangeoftextcontentandlanguagestyle,andthesemayrequirelittleornopreparationorrevisionoftexts.

Thesecondbasicdemandisfortranslationsatasomewhatlowerlevelofquality,whichareintendedforuserswhowanttofindouttheessentialcontentofaparticulardocument—andgenerally,asquicklyaspossible.Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.SinceMTsystemsdidnot(andstillcannot)producehighqualitytranslations,someusershavefoundthattheycanextractwhattheyneedtoknowfromtheuneditedoutput.Theywouldratherhavesometranslation,howeverpoor,thannotranslationatall.WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.

Thethirdtypeofdemand—MTforinterchange—comesfromtheneedforimmediatetranslationinordertoconveythebasiccontentofmessages.MTsystemsarefindinga“natural”role,sincetheycanoperatevirtuallyorinfactinreal-timeandon-lineandtherehasbeenlittleobjectiontotheinevitablepoorquality,andareusefulinproducingspokenlanguagetranslations,e.g.fortelephoneconversationsandbusinessnegotiations.Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.

Thefourthareaofapplicationisfortranslationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,informationextraction,databaseaccess,etc.ThisfieldisthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropeatthepresenttime,whichhavetheaimofwideningaccessforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontosourcesofdataandinformationwhateverthesourcelanguage.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatinrenderingpublishabletranslationsofliteraryworks,（

）.

2.MTsystemswillmakefewerrorsif

（

）.

3.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,usersofMTforassimilation

（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatwiththeprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems,（

）.

问题1选项

A.MTsystems’performanceissatisfactorytoasubstantialdegree

B.littlecouldbedonebyMTsystemsdevelopedsofar

C.MTsystemscandomuchbetterthanhumantranslators

D.considerablerevisiononMTproducedtextsisneeded

问题2选项

A.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextisstandard

B.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextissimplified

C.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextiscontrolled

D.theoriginaltextdealswithaspecializedsubject

问题3选项

A.aregrowingfastinnumber

B.complainalotaboutitspoorquality

C.cangetlittlefromtheuneditedoutput

D.wouldratherhavenotranslationatall

问题4选项

A.onecancommunicateonthephonewithanotherwhospeaksadifferentlanguage

B.interpreterswillnolongerbeusefulininternationalnegotiationsorconferences

C.itwillbeonlynaturalthatpeoplewillfindlittleneedtolearnaforeignlanguage

D.peoplewillfindnocausetocomplainaboutthequalityoftextsturnedoutbythem

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。第二段说到MT系统的问题出现在“However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.然而，如果要达到要求的质量，MTsystem所产生翻译必须由人工译者进行修改或“后期编辑”。有时这样的修改可能是实质性的，因此MT系统实际上是在生成一个“草稿”翻译。”说明MT系统翻译出来的成品需要人工修改，D选项“需要对MT产生的文本进行大量修订”符合题意。

2.事实细节题。由题干关键词fewerrors定位到文章第二段倒数第二句“Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or‘controlled’invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.作为一种替代方法，输入文本可以被正规化(或在词汇和句子结构上“受控”)，这样机器翻译系统产生的需要纠正的错误就很少。”因此条件就是“控制”输入文本的语言。C选项“原文的语言被控制”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。由题干关键词assimilation定位到文章第三段第二句“Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.这一需求——使用MT进行同化——在过去已经得到满足，实际上，它是最初为传播应用而设计的系统的副产品。”最后一句补充说到“WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.随着市场上更便宜的基于pc的系统的出现，这种类型的使用（使用MT进行同化）已经迅速而显著地增长。”由此可知A选项“数量正迅速增长”正确。

4.判断推理题。题干中的theprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems“MT系统的逐步成熟”，说明问的是MT系统的发展势头，第四段最后一句说到“Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.语音识别与自动翻译的融合问题显然难以解决，但仍在不断取得进展。在未来——也许还是遥远的未来——我们可以期待在高度受限的领域中实现语音翻译的在线机器翻译系统。”由此可知未来的进展可能出现在“在线机器语音翻译”这方面，对比选项可得A选项“一个人可以通过电话与另一个说不同语言的人交流”符合文意。

11.单选题

Onceaducklinghasidentifiedaparent,theinstinctivebondbecomesapowerful（

）foradditionallearningsince,by（

）theparent;theducklingcanacquirefurtherinformationthatisnotgeneticallytransmitted.

问题1选项

A.impulsesurpassing

B.referent...recognizing

C.inspiration...emulating

D.channel...mimicking

【答案】D

【解析】名词和动词词义辨析。A选项的impulse“推动，冲动，刺激”；surpass“优于或超过某人、某物”；B选项的referent“指示物”；recognize“认出，识别，承认”；C选项的inspiration“灵感，鼓舞或激励人的人或事物，好主意”；emulate“与…竞争，模仿，仿效”；D选项的channel“通道，频道，海峡”；mimicking“模仿，仿效”根据句意‘一旦某只小鸭辨认出其父母，这种带有本能性质的纽带便变成一条极有用的进行额外学习的渠道，因为通过模仿其父母，小鸭能进一步获取那些单靠基因遗传所无法传输给它的信息’可知应选D项。

12.单选题

Thereasonthathispropertywasconfiscatedbythecountry,it（）,wasthatliewasinvolvedinalotoffraudulentactivitiesduringthewar.

问题1选项

A.wasturnedout

B.turnedout

C.beingturnedout

D.wasbeingturnedout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:后来证明他的财产被国家没收的原因是，战争期间他参与了欺诈活动。

语法题。分析句子可知应用一般过去时,固定搭配turnout“结果（证明）是”用主动语态即可。

13.单选题

Manyboysandgirls______togetherroundthefireandsangsongs.

问题1选项

A.clustered

B.clattered

C.clutched

D.cluttered

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项cluster“使聚集，聚集在某人的周围”，B项clatter“发出哗啦声，喧闹的谈笑”，C项clutch“紧握，（因害怕或痛苦）突然抓住”，D项clutter“使凌乱，胡乱地填满”。根据关键信息togetherroundthefireandsangsongs“一起围着火堆唱歌”可知，空格处填入A项符合句子语境。句意：许多男孩和女孩聚集在火堆周围唱歌。因此，该题选择A项正确。

14.单选题

In1798thepoliticaleconomistMalthuspredictedthatintimemankindwouldfacestarvation,havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies.Today,acenturyandahalflater,therearestillexpertswhoforecastthesameglobaldisasterunlessurgentmeasuresaretakentopreventit.

Bytheendofthepresentcenturytheremaywellbeoverfivethousandmillionpeoplelivingonthisglobe,anincreaseofoverfiftypercentoftoday'sfigure.Inordertokeeppacewiththisincreaseinmankindthefarmersoftheworldwouldhavetostepuptheirproductionoffoodbyatleasttwopercenteveryyear.Sucharateofincreasehasneverbeenmaintainedinanycountrybyconventionalmethodsofagriculture,despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizers.Therearenolargeworthwhilereservesofpotentialfarmlandremaining,andgoodfertilelandiscontinuallybeingdivertedtoindustrialuse.Moreover,erosionofthesoiltakesaconstanttoll.

Intensiveresearch,carriedoutovermanyyearsinallmannerofclimaticconditions,hasproducedarevolutionarymethodofgrowingcropswithoutusinganysoilatall.Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.Alreadyithasaccomplishedwondersinproducinghugecrops.Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.Laborcostsarefarlowerthanwhennormalmethodsofagricultureareemployed.Infact,itisacompletelyautomaticsystem.Thereisnohardmanualwork,nodiggingorplowing,andnoweedingtospeakof.Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsumsupthewholepassage?

2.Thephrase“havingovergrowntheavailablefoodsupplies”inthefirstparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,2percentannualincreaseintheproductionoffoodcannotbeachieved.Whichofthefollowingisnottheexplanationhegavefortheproblem?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueofhydroponics?

5.Judgingfromthepassage,themostimportantadvantageofhydroponicsshouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.Hydroponicsisanewdevelopmentinagriculture.

B.Malthus’predictionhasbeenprovedtobecorrectbymodernexperts

C.Hydroponicsmaybetheanswertotheworldfoodshortageinthefuture.

D.Conventionalmethodsofagricultureshouldbeimprovedtostepupfoodproductionbytwopercenteveryyear.

问题2选项

A.theavailablefoodsupplieswillbeenoughtofeedworldpopulation

B.theearthistooexhaustedtosupportitsincreasingpopulation

C.worldpopulationwillgrowataratefasterthanfoodproduction

D.foodsupplieswillbetoomuchavailableforworldpopulation

问题3选项

A.Therearenotenoughpotentialfarmlandreservesleft.

B.Landisbeinglostthrougherosionandindustrialization.

C.Conventionalmethodsofagriculturearcstillprevailingallovertheworld.

D.Modernmechanizationandtheuseoffertilizersarenotwellpopularizedintheworld.

问题4选项

A.Hydroponicshascreatedwondersinagriculture.

B.Hydroponicsistoocomplicatedandexpensiveforpracticaluse.

C.Hydroponicsisconsideredarevolutionarymethodofagriculture.

D.Hydroponicshasalreadybeenemployedinfoodproduction.

问题5选项

A.higheryield

B.lowerlaborcosts

C.moreautomation

D.lesshardmanualword

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一二段讲述了粮食危机，第三段提出了解决粮食危机的办法-水培法，Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.水培法很可能是解决我们所有食物问题的答案。故C项“水培法可能是解决未来世界粮食短缺的方法。”正确。

2.推理判断题。In1798thepoliticaleconomistMalthuspredictedthatintimemankindwouldfacestarvation,havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies.1798年，政治经济学家马尔萨斯预言，人类迟早会面临饥饿，因为人类的粮食供应已经远远超过了人类的需求。可知人类面临粮食危机的原因在于人类的增长速度超过了粮食的供应速度，粮食供应不足才会导致粮食危机。故C项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第二段Sucharateofincreasehasneverbeenmaintainedinanycountrybyconventionalmethodsofagriculture,despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizers.Therearenolargeworthwhilereservesofpotentialfarmlandremaining,andgoodfertilelandiscontinuallybeingdivertedtoindustrialuse.Moreover,erosionofthesoiltakesaconstanttoll.尽管现代机械化和化肥的广泛使用，但任何一个运用传统农业生产方式的国家从来没有保持过这样的增长率。没有大量有价值的潜在农田储备，肥沃的土地不断被用于工业用途。此外，土壤的侵蚀会造成持续的损失。可知D项“现代机械化和化肥的使用在世界上还没有很好地普及。”与原文“despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizers.”不符，故答案D。A项“没有足够的潜在耕地储备。”；B项“土地正因侵蚀和工业化而丧失。”；C项“传统的农业方法仍然在世界各地盛行。”在该段都能找到依据。

4.推理判断题。由最后一段Intensiveresearch,carriedoutovermanyyearsinallmannerofclimaticconditions,hasproducedarevolutionarymethodofgrowingcropswithoutusinganysoilatall.Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.Alreadyithasaccomplishedwondersinproducinghugecrops.Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.Laborcostsarefarlowerthanwhennormalmethodsofagricultureareemployed.Infact,itisacompletelyautomaticsystem.Thereisnohardmanualwork,nodiggingorplowing,andnoweedingtospeakof.Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.多年来在各种气候条件下进行的深入研究产生了一种革命性的不用任何土壤就能种植作物的方法。水培法，这种技术被称为水培法，很可能是解决我们所有食物问题的答案。它已经创造了巨大作物产量的奇迹。水培曾经是一项复杂而昂贵的产业;现在它已经远远超出了实验阶段。劳动力成本远低于正常的农业生产方式。事实上，这是一个完全自动化的系统。没有艰苦的体力劳动，没有挖掘或耕作，也没有除草，产量可以比在土壤里高得多。可知B项“水培法对于实际应用来说过于复杂和昂贵。”与原文“Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.水培曾经是一项复杂而昂贵的产业;现在它已经远远超出了实验阶段”不符，水培法在过去是一种复杂而昂贵的产业，现在已经运用于生产。A项“水培法在农业上创造了奇迹。”正确；C项“水培法被认为是一种革命性的农业方法。”正确；D项“水培法已经在食品生产中得到应用”与原文“nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.它已经远远超出了实验阶段”相符。

5.推理判断题。本位主要讲述了粮食危机，并提出了解决办法-水培法。尽管水培法有很多优点，但最重要的优点是产量高，这样才能从根本上解决粮食问题。最后一句Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.产量可能远远高于土壤中的产量。故A项正确。

15.单选题

Themanagerpromisedtopaythemwellandinreturnhewouldexpecttheirloyaltyand（）.

问题1选项

A.execution

B.commitment

C.endurance

D.persistence

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。Execution“实行，执行”；commitment“承诺，承担义务”；endurance“忍耐，持久性”。句意：这位经理承诺给他们高报酬，并且作为回报，他能够得到他们的忠诚对待和义务的承担。选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha_______character.

问题1选项

A.gracious

B.suspicious

C.unique

D.particular

【答案】B

【解析】gracious有礼貌的,宽厚的;suspicious多疑的,可疑的;unique独一无二的,唯一的;particular特别的,独有的。句意：我从不相信他,因为我一直认为他是个多疑的人。选项B符合句意。

17.单选题

AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.

“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”

Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.

Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.

1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto（）.

2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor（）.

3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflabor

B.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEngland

C.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor

D.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor

问题2选项

A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaply

B.increasedthepossibleoutputperworker

C.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories

D.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced

问题3选项

A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor

B.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystem

C.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwas

D.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction

问题4选项

A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingwork

B.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction

C.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopment

D.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods

问题5选项

A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomist

B.TheTheoryofDivisionofLabor

C.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWork

D.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句可知，AdamSmith是第一个认识到劳动分工的重要性并解释其部分优势的人。选项C符合原文。

2.细节推断题。根据最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知，劳动分工增加了每个工人尽可能多的产量，所以选项B正确。

3.细节推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，如果没有进行分工，没有工人能在一天内完成二十枚别针，甚至连一枚都做不成，而通过分工合作，相当于每个工人生产4800枚别针，作者是想通过这一数字来说明分工的优势。选项A正确。

4.细节推断题。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所当然地认为，劳动分工本质上对经济增长和发展负责。选项C符合原文。

5.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是劳动分工，重点不是在于AdamSmith也不是讲述理论，所以选项C最能概括全文。

18.单选题

HistorianJacksonTurnerclaimedthatthefrontierproducedtheindividualismthatisthe（

）ofAmericancultureandthatthisindividualisminturnpromoteddemocraticinstitutionsandeconomicequality.

问题1选项

A.hallmark

B.drawback

C.continuity

D.ambiguity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项hallmark“特质；品质证明”；B选项drawback“缺点；不利条件；退税”；C选项continuity“连续性”；D选项ambiguity“含糊；模棱两可的话”。句意：历史学家杰克逊•特纳声称边疆地区产生了个人主义，而个人主义正是美国文化的……，这种个人主义反过来又促进了民主制度和经济平等。由句意可知A选项符合题意。

19.翻译题

TheSupremeCourtisthehighestcourtoftheUnitedStates,andtheonlyonespecificallycreatedbytheConstitution.AdecisionoftheSupremeCourtcannotbeappealedtoanyothercourt.TheSupremeCourthasoriginaljurisdictioninonlytwokindsofcases:thoseinvolvingforeigndignitariesandthoseinwhichastateisaparty.AllothercasesreachtheCourtonappealfromlowercourts.AsignificantamountoftheworkoftheSupremeCourtconsistsofdeterminingwhetherlegislationorexecutiveactsconformtotheConstitution.ThispowerofjudicialreviewisdoctrineinferredbytheCourtfromitsreadingoftheConstitution,andforcefullystatedinthelandmarkMarburyvs.Madisoncaseof1803.Thedoctrinehasalsobeenextendedtocovertheactivitiesofstateandlocalgovernments.

【答案】参考译文：

最高法院是美国的最高法院，也是唯一一个由宪法专门设立的法院。最高法院的裁决不能向任何其他法院上诉。最高法院最初只对两种案件拥有司法权：涉及国外显要人物的案件和州作为一方当事人的案件。最高法院受理的所有其他案件均来自下级法院的上诉。最高法院很重要的工作任务就是决定立法或执法是否符合宪法标准。这种司法审查的权利是由最高法院通过解读《宪法》而推断出来的法律原则，并且在具有里程碑意义的1803年马伯里与麦迪逊案得到确定。并且，该理论还扩展到包括州和地方政府的活动。

20.单选题

Therearefewapplications（）opportunitiesthanrobots.

问题1选项

A.likely

B.morelikely

C.mostlikely

D.muchlikely

【答案】B

【解析】句意:很少有电子应用软件比机器人更可能对未来就业机会造成恐慌。

考查固定搭配。belikelyto可能做…。这里加入了more，用了比较级，表示“更可能”。

21.单选题

Activistparentssayschoolkidsaren't_______enoughtounderstandthatafruit-flavoredsoftdrinkdoesn'thavethenutritionalbenefitsofrealfruit.

问题1