大学英语语法之动词的语气 Mood of Verbs课件

EnglishGrammarMood﹡grammaticalmeaning﹡classification﹡application

﹡practice1&2＊aformofverb,indicatingspeaker’sviewandattitudetowardswhathesaysoranactionorastate.

﹡insimple

sentence﹡incomplexsentence﹡insentencepattern﹡withwordsorphrases1在口语中使语气客气委婉“should,would,could,might+v.原”2表祝愿、诅咒、禁止或命令1)v.原形LongliveCPC!Godblessyou!Goddamnyou!Heavenforbid!Somebodyfetchabasinofwater.Everybodycomein!

2)may用于句首,动词用原形Mayyoubehappy!Mayyousucceed!(1)与现反主句:情态v.+v.原从句:过去式(be→were/was)(3)与将反主句：情v.+v.原从句：①v.过去式(were)②should+v.原③wereto+v.原①省if从句中有were、should、had，可省if，把were,should,had提到主语之前。Ifitwerenotfortheirsupport,wewouldbeinaverydifficultposition.→Wereitnotfortheirsupport,wewouldbeinaverydifficultposition.IfIhadleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.→HadIleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,whatwouldwedo?→Shoulditraintomorrow,whatwouldwedo?②错综时间conditionalsentenceofmixedtime

从句动作和主句动作时间不一致主、从句v.按各自时间变化Ifyouhadseenthedoctoringoodtime,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.Ifwehadn’trepairedtherooflastsummer,thelivingroomwouldbewetnow.

(1)与现反从句:v.过去式(be→were/was)IwishIwereyoungagain.SometimesIwishIwerelivinginadifferenttimeandadifferentplanet.(2)与过反从句①haddone②情v.+havedoneIwishyouhadtoldmesooner.Iwishyouwouldhavecalledyesterday.注：①将wish改为wished,从句动词形式不变；②hope宾语从句不用虚拟语气

﹡特殊v.

从句：(should)+v.原Eg:Hesuggestedthatshe

startatonce.WouldyoupreferthatI___withyou?AamgoingtofishingBwillgofishingCwouldgofishingDgofishingD(1)上述v.的n.后的同位语从句或表语从句中要求相同形式的虚拟语气advice,agreement,requirement,request,suggestion,proposal,order,demand,insistence,preference,urge,motion,command,recommendation,permission,intention,desire,…Theordersooncamethatallciviliansshouldevacuatethevillage.Weknewhisinsistencethathedotheworkhimself.IsecondMr.Green’smotionthatthemeetingbeputoffuntilnextweek.

(3)上述v.的被动式引出的主语从句要求相同形式的虚拟语气。Itisdecidedthat….Itisarrangedthat….Itisrecommendedthattheproject____untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.AnotbestartedBisnotstartedCwillnotbestartedDisnottobestartedA真实方状：Helooksasifheisyoung.虚拟方状：(1)与现反(2)与过反(3)与将反(1)与现反从句:v.过去式(be→were/was)Hetalksasifhewereascholar.(Infact,heisnotascholar.)(2)与过反从句:过完时(haddone)Hespeaksasifhehadseenitwithhisowneyes.(Actually,hedidn’tseeitatall.)(3)与将反从句：情v.(might)+v.原形Itlooksasifitmightrain.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.

lest,forfearthat,incase引导目状:“惟恐、以免、以防”

从句：should+v.原﹡lest句中should常可省略﹡incase真实目状:Takeanumbrellaincaseitrains.I’llbekindtoherlestshedecidetoleaveme.Hetookhisraincoatwithhimlestitshouldrain.Hejottedthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.Here’ssomemoneyincaseyoushouldneedit.Heputhiscoatoverthechildforfearthat/lestheshouldcatchcold.Heburnedalltheimportantdocumentsforfearthattheyshouldfallintotheenemy’shands.I’llkeepaseatforyouincaseyoushouldchangeyourmind.﹡

特问词+ever或

nomatter+特问词引导让状从句：may+v.原：mayhavedone(过去动作)Whateverdefectshemayhave,heisanhonestman.Iwon’tletyouinwhoeveryoumaybe.Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,IamdeterminedtodowhatIthinkisright.Comewhatmay,wewillgoahead.→Nomatterwhatmaycome,wewillgoahead.→Whatevermaycome,wewillgoahead.过去动作Thepartywasasuccess,howeverinadequatethepreparationsmayhavebeen.Youmustn’tbeproud,howevermuchyoumayhaveachieved.1

Itis+adj./n.+that…从句:(should)+v.原:shouldhavedone(过去动作)

“重要性、必要性、可能性、命令、请求、建议”等important,essential,vital,eager,necessary,imperative,natural,strange,proper,advisable,desirable,preferable,urgent,incredible,possible,astonishing,anxious,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,fitting,obligatory，willing，shocked,

itisapity,itisashame,itisnowonder,…Itisimperativethatweshouldpracticecriticismandself-criticism.Itisessentialthattheseapplicationformsbesentbackasearlyaspossible.Itisvitalthatenoughmoneybecollectedtofundtheproject.Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings.Itseemsincrediblethatheshouldhavefinishedtheworksosoon.Itisquitenaturalthatsuchfearsshouldarise.Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesoconceited.（自大）2Itis+(high/very/about)time+(that)从句:过去时It’sabouttimethatclassbegan.It’shightimetheyweretaughtalesson.3

S.+wouldrather/hadrather/wouldsooner/would(just)assoon+(that)从句①过去式②与wish宾从同(注:在wouldrather后的从句中，过去式可用于表示现在或将来情况的虚拟语气)I’dratheryoucamenextweekend.I‘dratheryoudidn’tdothat.I’dratherhewereherenow.﹡Ihadrather(that)hehadbeenhereyesterday.﹡Iwould(just)assoonthathehadnotspokenrudelytome.﹡Iwouldsoonerhewouldbeheretomorrow.4

情绪adj.后状从中：should+v.原/havedoneIamsorry,weweresurprised,theyweredisappointed,…I’msorrythatheshouldsayso.I’msurprisedthatIshouldbeaccordedsuchaheartywelcome.1

Ifonly+从句

﹡与现反:过去式（be→were）﹡与过反:haddone﹡与将反:情v.+v.原IfonlyIhadamilliondollars.Iwereamillionaire.IfonlyIhadn’tlostit.IfonlyIhadstudiedartatcollege.IfonlyIwouldgoabroad.2butfor+n./without+n.主句虚拟①与现反:情v.+v.原②与过反:情v.+havedone

butfor+n.butthat+从句butfor=ifitwerenotfor/ifithadnotbeenforbutthat=butforthefactthat…

事实Withoutairtherewouldbenolifeatall.Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedthetaskontime.ButthatIsawit,Icouldnothavebelievedit.ShewouldhavefallenbutthatIcaughther.3事实+or/otherwise/orelse+虚拟句

虚拟句①与现反:情v.+v.原②与过反:情v.+havedoneIwasillthatday.OrelseIwouldhavetakenpartintheparade.虚拟句+but+事实1Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English___mucheasier.AwillbeBwouldhavebeenCcouldhavebeenDwouldbeD2Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody____therules.AobeysBobeyCwillobeyDwouldobeyB3“Theexperimenthadfailed!”“Isuggestyou____again.”AtryBtryingCwilltryDwouldtryA4“Heisaverybraveman.”“Yes,IwishI___hiscourage.”AhaveBhadCwillhaveDwouldhaveB5Ifshehadworkedharder,she____.AwouldsucceedBhadsucceededCshouldsucceedDwouldhavesucceededD6IwishI____youyesterday.AseenBdidseeChadseenDweretosee

C7Ifmylawyer____herelastSaturday,he____mefromgoing.Ahadbeen;wouldhavepreventedBhadbeen;wouldpreventCwere;wouldpreventDwere;wouldhavepreventedA8Withoutelectricityhumanlife____quitedifferenttoday.AisBwillbeCwouldhavebeenDwouldbeD9--Ifhe____,he____thatfood.--Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.Awaswarned;wouldnottakeBhadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenCwouldbewarned;hadnottakenDwouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottakenB10Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_____shewouldhavemetmybrother.Ahascome BdidcomeCcameDhadcomeD11Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe__inturn,you___sotired.Adrove;didn’tgetBweredriving;wouldn’tgetCdrove;wouldn’tgetDhaddriven;wouldn’thavegotD1Theteacherdemandedthattheexam____beforeeleven.AmustfinishBwouldbefinishedCbefinishedDmustbefinishedC2Shemadethedemandthatshe____atonce.AleaveBleavesCleftDtobeleftA3HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe____there.AhadbeenBhasbeenCwasDbeenA4Motherinsistedthatthechild’shands____beforedinner.AshouldwashBbewashedCwouldwashDhadwashedB5Theyoungmaninsistedthathe____nothingwrongand____free.Adid;setBhaddone;shouldbesetCdo;besetDhaddone;mustbesetC6MothersuggestedthatI____myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingTV.AdidBdoCshalldoDhavedoneB7Mysuggestionwasthatthemeeting____offtillnextweek.AtoputBbeputCshouldputDbeputtingB8Thesuggestionhasbeenmade___thebasketballgame__putoff.Afor;toBthat;beCwhich;shouldbeDto;being

B9Thecommanderorderedthatthewounded____tohospitalrightaway.AtobesentBbesentCsendDshouldsendB10Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies____tothevillagewithoutdelay.AwouldbesentBshouldsendCbesentDmustbesentC11Theyrequestedthathe____ontheradio.AspokeBspeakCspeaksDwouldspeakB12Itisimportantthatwe____wildanimals.AwillprotectBshouldprotectCshallprotectDareprotectingB13Itisnecessarythattheproblem____atonce.AsolvesBshouldsolveCshouldbesolvedDwillbesolvedC14Itisstrangethathe____interestinmuchofhisresearch.AshouldhavelostBwouldloseChadlostDwillloseA15Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you___allrightnow.AareBwereCwouldbeDwouldhavebeenC16____Ibefreetomorrow,Icouldgowithyou.ACouldBShouldCMightDMustB17____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherway.AIfwereIBIwereCWereIDWasIC18____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.AWouldheleaveBWasheleavingCWerehetoleaveDIfheleaveC19____yourletter,Iwouldhavewrittenbacktwodaysago.AIfreceivedBShouldIreceiveCHadIreceivedDIfIcouldhavereceivedC20____,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.AIfheweretostudyBIfhestudiedhardCHadhestudiedDShouldhestudyhardC21Shoulditrain,thecrops____.AwouldbesavedBwouldhavebeensavedCwillbesavedDhadbeensavedA22You____earlier.Thebusleftamomentago.AwouldcomeBshouldhavecomeCmaycomeDhavecomeB23Hetreatedmeasthough____hisownson.AIamBIwouldbeCIwasDIwereD24Hesmiledasifhe____mythought.AreadBwasreadingChadreadDhasreadC25I____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.AwouldlendBwouldhavelentCcouldlendDmayhavelentB26Hetalksasifhe____.AknowsallaboutitBhasknownallaboutCknewallaboutitDknowingallaboutitC27HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?No,butIwishI____.AhaveBwillCdoDhadD28WhereisXiaoZhang?IwishI____himatonce.AcanfindBwillfindCcouldfindDcouldhavefoundC29IwishI___therethen.AwasBwereChadbeenDwouldbeC30It’stimewe____tobed.AmustgoBwillgoCwentDhavegoneC31IfI_____you,Iwouldtryagain.AamBwasCwereDbeC32____,allthestudentswouldhear.AIftheteacherhadspokenlouderBIftheteacherwillspeaklouderCHadtheteache