2015年1月上海市静安区高三英语一模试卷及参考答案

学期高三年级教学质量检测2014.12英语试卷2014.12120分钟完成;总分：150分）第I卷（共103分）II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.（A）Thereare101excusesfornotwritingorcallingthemediawhenyouseeunfair,biasedorinaccuratenewscoverage:“Idon'tknowenough”;“I'mtoobusy”;“Mycomputercrashed.”（25）（communicate）withjournalistsmakesadifference.Itdoesnothavetobeperfect;notallletterstojournalistsneedtobeforpublication.Even（26）one-sentence,handwrittennotetoareporter（27）behelpful.Ifyoutakethetimetotypeasubstantiveletter,sendcopiesofittotwoorthreeplaceswithinthemediaoutlet—perhapstothereporter,hisorhereditor,aswellastotheletters-to-the-editordepartment.Ifmediaoutletsgetlettersfromadozenpeople（28）（raise）thesameissue,theywillmostlikelypublishoneortwoofthem.Soevenifyourletter（29）（notget）intoprint,itmayhelpanotheronewithasimilarpointofviewgetpublished.Surveysofnewspaperreadersshowthattheletterspageisamongthemostcloselyreadpartsofthepaper.It'salsothepagepolicy-makerslooktoasabarometerofpublicopinion.（30）youwritetojournalists,befactual,notrhetorical（带修辞色彩的）.Donotpersonallyattackthem;that'smorelikelytoconvincethemthatthey'reintheright.Addresstheminthelanguagethatmostjournalists（31）（train）tounderstand.Callonthemtoberesponsible,professional,balancedandinclusiveofdiversesourcesandviewpoints.Letters（32）areintendedforpublicationshouldusuallybedraftedmorecarefully.（B）WestminsterAbbey,thegothicchurch,standsintheheartofmodernLondonoverlookingtheRiverThamesandHousesofParliament.Itstartedasasmallmonastery（修道院）,（33）（found）intheyear960byKingEdgar,butsoonbecameoneofthemostimportantchurchesinthekingdom.KingEdgarwasthefirstmonarch（34）（bury）therein1065.Inthemid13thCentury,KingHenryIIIdecidedtorebuilditasagreatgothiccathedraltorival（与相匹敌）（35）in第1页共9页第第页共9页France.Allmonarchshavebeencrownedthere（36）WilliamtheConquerorin1066,andmanymonarchshavemarriedintheAbbey,（37）（recently）PrinceWilliamandCatherineMiddleton.ButWestminsterAbbeyisn'tjustaboutroyalty.ManyofthegreatestpeopleinBritishhistoryareburiedorcommemoratedthere—artists,scientists,thinkers—thereisn'tevena“poet'scorner”builtup（38）thegraveof14th-centurypoetGeoffreyChaucer.WestminsterAbbeytellsthestoryofordinaryBritishpeopletoo.PartsoftheAbbeyweredestroyedinboomingraids（空袭）duringWorldWarII（39）serviceswentonthroughoutthewar.OnMay&1945,theV-E（VictoryinEurope）Day,athanksgivingservicewasheldthere.WestminsterAbbeystoodforcourageandBritishspirit.（40）youarenotaChristian,itisimpossiblenottofeelasenseofsomethingotherworldly（超脱尘俗地）whenyouenterWestminsterAbbey一andthatgoesfortourists,ordinaryLondoners,orstudentsgettingreadyforanotherFridayatschool.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.magicalB.culturalC.meetsD.builtE.strongF.damagedG.entranceH.viewsI.calendarJ.rankedK.litAlongredbridgestretchesoutacrosswater.ItrunsacrosstheGoldenGate.Thisisnotthe__41__tosomesacredland,butitisjustas__42__.TheGoldenGateiswhereSanFranciscoBay__43__thePacificOcean,andatnightthesceneofthebridge__44__upoverthewatertakesyourbreathaway.WelcometoSanFrancisco,aplacefamousforitsbeautifulparks,hillystreetsandlovelybeaches.Butthebridgeisundoubtedlythemostwell-knownsymbolofthecity.Beforeitscompletionin1937,thebridgewasconsideredimpossibletobuildbecauseofthefoggyweather,powerfulwinds,and__45__oceancurrentsinthecity.However,despitethedifficultconditions,thebridgewasbuiltinnomorethanfouryears.Itstotallengthisnearly2kilometers.SanFrancisco__46__firstonLonelyPlanet'slistofthebestcitiestovisitin2013.Accordingtotheworld'slargesttravelpublisher,itcametopasaresultofits__47__mix.AccordingtotheUS2010census（人口普查），21percentofthecity'spopulationwasmadeupofChinesepeople.SanFrancisco'sChinatownisthelargestoutsideofAsiaandtheoldestinNorthAmerica.Twotraditionalfestivals,theSpringFestivalandMid-AutumnFestival,arethebiggesteventsoftheyearonthecity's__48__.IfyellowcabsareakeypartofNewYorkcitylife,thenthecablecarisSanFrancisco'sequivalent.Thefirstcablecarcameintopublicservicein1873,andtheslowandnoisyvehiclehasbeenasymbolofthecityeversince.Thecablecarnetworkwasonce__49__byaseriousearthquakebut,luckily,ithasnowrecoveredandprovidesbetter__50__thanthesubway.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Itisoneofthemostterrifyingmomentsforanyurbancyclists:thefirsttimeahuge,high-sidedconstructiontrucklumbersalongside,thedriver__51__withintheirhighcab（驾驶室）.Nowaleadingcyclinggrouphopesithas__52__withasolution—thecyclist-friendlylorry.Thedraftdesign,tobeunveiled（揭幕）onWednesdaybytheLondonCyclingCampaign,reducestheoverallheightofthelorry,__53__thedrivingposition,andgreatly__54__thesidewindowsofthecab,stretchingthemasclosetoroadlevelaspossible.__55__driversofthetraditionallorryhavetorelyon__56__andsensorstospotcyclistsorpedestriansclosetothefrontoffsideofthevehicle,iftheycandetectthematall,thenewdesignallbut__57__thisblindspot.Itisundoubtedlyabig__58__,especiallyinLondon,wherelorriesformabout5%ofvehicletraffic__59__areresponsibleforabouthalfofallcyclistdeaths,withalarge__60__oftheseinvolvingconstructionlorries,oftenturningleftintoacyclist.In2011,ofthe16cyclistdeathsinLondon,nineinvolvedlorries,ofwhichsevenwereconstructionvehicles.IfelementsoftheLondonCyclingCampaign'sdesignlookfamiliarthatis__61__theyarealreadyinuse—many__62__rubbishlorriesalreadyfeaturelow-silledglassdoors,allowingthedriverstolookoutforbothstaff__63__binsandotherpedestrians.Thisdemonstratedhowconstructioncompaniescouldchangeiftheywantedto.Astudy__64__lastmonthbyTransportforLondonsaidconstructiontrucksweredisproportionately（不成比率地）involvedincyclistaccidentsandrecommended__65__suchasgivingdriversdeliveringgoodstobuildingsitesmorerealistictimeslotstoavoidthembeingtemptedintorecklessness.51.A.inaccessibleB.inconvenientC.invisibleD.inexact52.A.breakawayB.putdownC.comeupD.getalong53.A.totallyB.especiallyC.generallyD.probably54.A.strengthensB.extendsC.increasesD.improves55.A.WhileB.SinceC.HoweverD.Before56.A.windowsB.drawersC.carriagesD.mirrors57.A.calculatesB.disapprovesC.implementsD.eliminates58.A.solutionB.methodC.issueD.highlight59.A.soB.orC.butD.and60.A.dealB.numberC.amountD.burden61.A.becauseB.untilC.unlessD.whether62.A.realisticB.domesticC.academicD.traffic63.A.participatingB.associatingC.assemblingD.collecting64.A.releasedB.reflectedC.motivatedD.hunted65.A.differencesB.problemsC.factorsD.measuresSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)OnOctober24,1929—“BlackThursday”—awaveofpanicsellingofstocksswepttheNewYorkStockExchange.TheGreatDepressionbegan.By1932,thousandsofbanksandbusinesseshadfailed.Industrialproductionwascutinhalf,farmincomehadfallenbymorethanhalf,wageshaddecreased60percent,newinvestmentwasdown90percentandoneoutofeveryfourworkerswasunemployed.TheRepublicanpresident,HerbertHooverwasunabletotakemeasurestodealwiththeeconomiccollapse.Sointhe1932election,hewasdefeatedbyDemocratFranklinD.Roosevelt,whopromised“aNewDealfortheAmericanpeople”.Withinthe“HundredDays”,RooseveltrushedthroughCongressanumberoflawstoaidtherecoveryoftheeconomy.TheCivilianConservationCorpsputyoungmentoworkinreforestationandflood.TheFederalEmergencyReliefAdministrationaidedstateandlocalrelieffunds.TheAgriculturalAdjustmentAdministrationpaidfarmerstoreduceproduction,thusraisingcropprices.TheTennesseeValleyAuthoritybuiltanetworkofdamsintheTennesseeRiverareatogenerateelectricity,controlfloodsandmanufacturefertilizer.TheNationalRecoveryAdministrationregulatedfaircompetitionamongbusinessesandensuredbargainingrightsandminimumwagesforworkers.TheSocialSecurityActof1935establishedcontributoryoldageandsurvivors'pensions,aswellasajointfederalstateprogramofunemploymentinsurance.TheWorkProgressAdministrationwasoneofthemosteffectiveoftheNewDealmeasures.Financedbytaxescollectedbythefederalgovernment,theWPAcreatedmillionsofjobsbyundertakingtheconstructionofroads,bridges,airportsandotherpublicbuildings.Itkeptworkersinthejob,thuspreservingtheirskillsandtheirself-respect.TheNewDealprogramsdidnotendtheDepression.Buttheeconomyimprovedasaresultofthisprogramofgovernmentintervention.Accordingtothepassage,“BlackThursday”istheday.ofsellingstocksB.ofreducingindustrialproductionC.theGreatDepressionbeganD.theNewDealwasimplementedTheNewDealisanumberoflaws.tomakeyoungpeopleplanttreesandbuilddamstoaidstateandlocalrelieffundstodealwithworkerstodealwitheconomicproblemsTheWPAwasaneffectivemeasurebecause.itprovidedworkersjobsofbuildingroadsandairportsitpreservedworkers'skillandself-respectitprovidedfinancialaidstoworkers

D.itensuredworkers'minimumwagesRooseveltmadehisNewDealprogramseffectivethrough.hispresidentialpowerB.governmenttaxationC.congressreputationD.governmentintervention(B)COURSE:INSTRUCTOR:OFFICE:OFFICEHOURS:CLASS:TELEPHONE:TEXTBOOK:COURSE:INSTRUCTOR:OFFICE:OFFICEHOURS:CLASS:TELEPHONE:TEXTBOOK:History101“IntroductiontoAmericanHistory"Dr,JaneKlammer305MarshallHall11:15〜12:30MWF(MondayWednesdayFriday)363MarshallHall3:35~5:00TTh(TuesdayThursday)10:10~11:00MWFOthertimesbyappointment255-4786Green,RobertP,TheAmericanTradition:AHistoryoftheUnitedStatesCharlesE.MerrillpublishingCo.Columbus,Ohio1984,whichisavailableattheCollegeBookstore.COURSERequirements:mid-termexam:finalexam:termpaperdue:October1020%ofthefinalgradeDecember1040%ofthefinalgrademid-termexam:finalexam:termpaperdue:December1540%ofthefinalgradeAttendanceisnotrequired,butyouareresponsibleforalltheinformationgivenintheclasslectures.InthelecturesIwilltalkaboutthechaptersinthetextbookandothermaterialthatIchoosetosupplementthecourse.Theexamswillcoverallthisinformation.Therefore,Iadviseyoutocometotheclassasmuchaspossible.Ifyouhavetomissaclass,besuretogettheclassnotesfromanotherstudent.Yourhomeworkassignmentsarelistedonthenextpage.YouaresupposedtoreadthechapteraboutwhichIwillbelecturingbeforeyoucometoclass.Thisistomakesurethatyouunderstandasmuchaspossiblewhiletakingnotesinmylectures.Bepreparedwhenyoucometoclass.Ifthereareanychangesintheassignedhomeworkreading,Iwillannounceinclass.Thetermpaperis40%ofyourfinalgrade.Itshouldnotexceedfifteenpages.(Anyonethinkingofmajoringinhistorymaywritetwenty-fivepages.)Beforethemid-termexamyouwillchoosethetopicforyourpaper.Haveagoodterm!Ifastudentwantstoknowwhatthehomeworkassignmentsare,Prof.KlammerannouncestheminclassthestudentreadsthelistonthenextpageProf.Klammergivesalisteveryweekthestudentgoestotheprofessor'sofficeAstudentwhowouldliketoattendthecoursebyProf.Klammerhastostayin363MarshallHallfrom11:15to12:30onMonday,WednesdayandFridayfrom10:10to11:00onTuesdayandThursdayfrom3:35to5:00onMonday,WednesdayandFridayfrom3:35to5:00onTuesdayandThursdayAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?ThetextbookiswrittenbyDr.JaneKlammer.Ifyouhavetomissaclass,besuretosaysorrytoProf.Klammer.C.Thestudentscanbuy“IntroductiontoAmericanHistory”attheCollegeBookstore.Prof.Klammeradvisesherstudentstotakenotesinherclass.Ifafreshmanthinksthathemightmajorinhistory,whatisthemaximumlengthofhispapercanbe?Fifteenpages.B.Twenty-fivepages.Tenpages.D.Nomaximum.（C）OnDecember14,NASA（NationalAeronauticsandSpace）blastedasmallbutmightytelescopeintospace.ThetelescopeiscalledWISEandisaboutaswidearoundasatrashcan.Don'tletitssmallsizefoolyou:WISEhasapowerfuldigitalcamera,anditwillbetakingpicturesofsomethewildestobjectsintheknownuniverse,includingasteroids,faintstars,blazinggalaxiesandgiantcloudsofdustwhereplanetsandstarsareborn."I'mveryexcitedbecausewe'regoingtobeseeingpartsoftheuniversethatwehaven'tseenbefore,"saidNedWright,ascientistwhodirectstheWISEproject.Sincearrivinginspace,theWISEtelescopehasbeencirclingtheEarth,heldbygravityinapolarorbit（thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap（—圈）.Itscameraispointedoutward,awayfromtheEarth,andWISEwillsnapapictureofadifferentpartoftheskyevery11minutes.Aftersixmonthsitwillhavetakenpicturesacrosstheentiresky.ThepicturestakenbyWISEwon'tbelikeeverydaydigitalphotographs,however.WISEstandsfor"Wide-fieldInfraredSurveyExplorer."Asitsnamesuggests,theWISEcameratakespicturesoffeaturesthatgiveoffinfraredradiation（红外线辐射）.Radiationisenergythattravelsasawave.Visiblelight,includingthefamiliarspectrumofLight（光谱）thatbecomesvisibleinarainbow,isanexampleofradiation.Whenanordinarydigitalcameratakesapictureofatree,forexample,itreceivesthewavesofvisiblelightthatarereflectedoffthetree.Whenthesewavesenterthecamerathroughthelens,they'reprocessedbythecamera,whichthenputstheimagetogether.Wavesofinfraredradiationarelongerthanwavesofvisiblelight,soordinarydigitalcamerasdon'tseethem,andneitherdotheeyesofhumanbeings.Althoughinvisibletotheeye,longerinfraredradiationcanbedetectedaswarmthbytheskin.That'sakeyideatowhyWISEwillbeabletoseethingsothertelescopescan't.Noteverythingintheuniverseshowsupinvisiblelight.Asteroids,forexample,aregiantrocksthatfloatthroughspace—buttheyabsorbmostofthelightthatreachesthem.Theydon'treflectlight,sotheyaredifficulttosee.Buttheydogiveoffinfraredradiation,soaninfraredtelescopelikeWISEwillbeabletoproduceimagesofthem.DuringitsmissionWISEwilltakepicturesofhundredsofthousandsofasteroids.Browndwarfs（褐矮星）areanotherkindofdeep-spaceobjectthatwillshowupinWISE'spictures.Theseobjectsare"failed"stars—whichmeanstheyarenotmassiveenoughtojumpstartthesamekindofreactionsthatpowerstarssuchasthesun.Instead,browndwarfssimplyshrinkandcooldown.They'resodimthatthey'realmostimpossibletoseewithvisiblelight,butintheinfraredspectrumtheyglow.WhatissospecialaboutWISE?Itsdigitalcameracanhelpastronomerstoseetheunknownspace.Itisassmallasatrashcan.Itissmallinsizebutcarriesalargecamera.Neverbeforehasatelescopecarriedadigitalcamerainspace.ThecameraonWISE.isnotdifferentfromanordinarycameradoesnotseeinfraredradiationwhiletheordinarycameradoesreflectslightthathumaneyescanseecatchestheinfraredradiationwhiletheordinarycameradoesnotWhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectabout"asteroids"accordingtoparagraph7?Asteroidsdonotreflectlightthatreachesthem.Asteroidsfloatthroughspacegivingoffvisiblelight.Itisdifficulttotakeasteroids'picturesbyordinarycameras.TheWISEtelescopecantakepicturesofasteroids.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?Browndwarfsgiveoffvisiblelight.Browndwarfsarepowerstarslikethesun.Browndwarfsgiveoffinfraredradiation.BrowndwarfsareimpossibletoseewiththeWISEtelescope.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.FromboytomanGrowingupon-screenforadecadeasHarryPotter,22-year-oldDanielRadellifhashadtodealwithtypecasting（角色定位）hiswholecareer.However,inanewreleasecalledThewomaninBlack,thesuccessfulchildactorfinallyescapesJ.K.Rowling'sherobytakingontheleadroleinaclassicghoststory.Themovie,whichhitChinesecinemasonSept.20,tellsthetaleofawidowedlawyernamedArthurKipps（Radcliffe）whoissenttoaremotevillageinthenorthofEnglandforalateclient'saffairs.There,hediscoversthetown'stragicpast—childrendieaftertheyseeamysteriouswomandressedinblack.Toclearthingsup,hedecidestostayaloneinanoldhouse,whichiscompletelycutofffromthemainlandathightide.Hisfearsgrowwhenheseesawomaninblacklookingathimfromthewindowandhearsthesoundofaponyandtrapindifficulty,followedbythescreamsofayoungchild.Kippsdecideshemustfindawaytobreakthecycleofhorrorafterhissonisthreatenedbythemysteriouswoman.Thestorypullsouteveryold,darkhousecliche（老套路）going:demonic（恶魔的）dolls,rockingchairs,andtheghostlyblack-cloakedwomanherself.However,ithasbecomeoneofthisyear'sbiggestboxofficewinnersintheUKwhenitwasreleasedtherein