初三英语语法复习-被动语态+动词不定式+动名词课件

8动词（Verb）13动词的被动语态（PassiveVoice）3TheActiveVoice:（主动语态）ThePassiveVoice:（被动语态）主语是动作的执行者.sb.doessth.某人做某事主语是动作的承受者．Sth.bedonebysb.某事被某人做／某事被做（被某人）主动语态与被动语态的区别１．先找出谓语动词，将其之后的宾语主语２．将其主语by+宾格３．根据时态，动词变化do/doesam/is/are+PP主动语态被动语态主动语态改为被动语态的三个步骤1.一般现在时：

2.一般过去时：3.一般将来时：do/doesam/is/are+PP.didwas/were+PP.will

dowill

be+PP.三种时态的被动语态结构情态动词的被动语态结构情态动词＋do(can/may/must/should/ought

to)情态动词+be+PP.4.现在完成时：has/havedonehas/have+been+PP.Arecorder

isoftenusedbyMrs.Lee.Mrs.Leeoftenusesarecorder.often,useLookandsayuseTip:一般现在时

S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词fortakingphotos.

Peopleusecamerasfortakingphotos.People(bypeople)camerasCamerasareusedusephotosLookandsayrobyesterdaySomeonerobbedthebankyesterday.Thebank

wasrobbed

yesterday.LookandsayAjewelleryshop_________(rob)yesterdayevening.Alotofvaluableringsandnecklaces__________(steal).Butwhatthethiefdid_________(see)byaboywholivedNeartheshop.Sothethief__________(catch)thismorningandthepilferage(赃物)__________(find)athishome.CasefocusSimplepasttensewasrobbedwerestolenwasseenwascaughtwasfoundReadandsayTheengineerswillbuildahighrisesoon.Tip:一般将来时

S+will/begoingto+be+过去分词bytheengineerssoon.AhighrisewillbebuiltLookandsaysoonSimplefuturetenseRewritethesentencesintopassivevoice1.ThestudentswillchoosetheprojectnextJuly.Theproject_____________________nextJuly.2.Heisgoingtobooktheticketsforthematchsoon.Theticketsforthematch___goingto__________soon.3.BettywillsingussomeEnglishsongs.SomeEnglishwill__________tousbyBetty.4.Howsoonwilltheyfinishthesehighrises?Howsoonwillthesehighrises______________?willbechosenisbebookedbesungbefinishedThehouseshavebeendestroyed

bytheflood.LookandsayTip:现在完成时

S+has/have+been+过去分词ChoosethebestanswerAllthepreparationforthetask____,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeendone2.----Howlong____atthisjob?----Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployedChoosethebestanswerDailytalkWemustsendthemtothehospital.They

mustbesentto

thehospitalbyus.mustsendDailytalkWemustplantthetreesontheground.Tip:情态动词S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词mustWe(byus)thetreesThetreesmustplantmustbeplantedontheground.1.英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时,或者只需强调动作的承受者时:

要用被动语态(PassiveVoice)

2.被动语态的构成：be+vt.p.p.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。巧记为：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。

Conclusion:

Conclusion主动语态如何改成被动语态？4.一般现在时——am／is／are+vt.p.p.

一般过去时——was／were+vt.p.p

一般将来时——willbe／begoingtobe+vt.p.p.现在完成时——has／have+been+vt.p.p.情态动词——modalv.+be+vt.p.p.1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

2.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。巧记为：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。

3.把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)

注意保持时态和人称的一致。Conclusion不用被动语态的动词1.不及物动词（vi.)e.g.happen,appear,disappear2.连系动词（Link.v.)如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候Thiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sellsExerciseI.Usethepassivevoicetofillintheblanks1.BothEnglishandFrench_________(speak)inCanada.2.Morethan100trees___________(plant)inourschoollastspring.3.Anotherdormitorybuilding__________(build)nextyear.4.

______baseball_________(play)inyourschool?

5.It_____________(cando)thisway.6.Thissong__________(notlike)bymostofus.7.Platesanddishes_______________(notwash)aftersupperyesterday.8.Wastepaper__________________(shouldthrow)inthelitterbins.9.Tomorrow'smeals_____________(notcook)byFather.10.Yourbicycle_______________(mustnotput)here.arespokenwereplantedwillbebuiltIsplayedcan’tbedoneisnotlikedwerenotwashedshouldn’tbethrownwon’tbecookedmustn’tbeput6.Theywillgivealotofhelptothosehomelesspeopleintheearthquake.Alotofhelpwill_________________tothosehomelesspeopleintheearthquake.7.Howmuchdidthemanagerpaythechildren?Howmuch_________thechildren__________?8.TheystudyJapaneseintheirschool.Japanese________________intheirschool.9.Wecanstorealotofinformationinthecomputer.Alotofinformation______________________storedinthecomputer.10.Wemustkeepthenoiseunder50dbs(分贝)here.Thenoise__________________keptunder50dbshere.begivenwerepaidisstudiedbestoredmustbe8动词（Verb）14动词不定式（Infinitive）动词不定式的定义动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，与谓语动词不同的是它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。动词不定式的基本形式

(to)+

动词原形(有时不带to，称作不带to的不定式)41.用法

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。Theyoungmanofferedtocarrythesuitcaseforgrandma.She

likes

toplay

soccer.WebegantolearnEnglishin2000.Ifounditimportant

tolearn

Chinese.Readthefollowing

1.不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语

(v.+todo)want

todo

hope

todowishtodoneedtodo

learntodo agreetodoplan

tododecidetodo refusetodofailtodomanagetodooffertodopromisetodochoosetodowouldliketodo

liketodobegintodostarttodo forgettodoremembertodo trytodostoptodo goontodoReadandrememberFillintheblankswiththeproperverbsIwant__________acomputer.(buy)Shehopes__________abetterjob.(find)Iwish__________withyou.(go)tobuytofindtogo不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。动词常见think,make,find,feel。e.g.Hefounditverydifficult

togotosleep.

他发现很难入睡。ReadandrememberIthinkitisdifficulttoreachhomebeforeeleven.(保持句意不变)Ithink________difficult________reachhomebeforeeleven.Haveatryitto1.他们开始读和写。2.李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。3.你长大了想做什么？Theybegan

toreadandwrite.---WhatsportsdoesLiLinlike

toplay?---Shelikes

toplaysoccer.Whatdoyouwant

tobewhenyougrowup?Translatethesentences1．有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：remember

todo

记住要做某事remember

doing

记得曾经做过某事forget

todo忘记要做某事forget

doing

忘记曾经做过某事stop

todo

停下来去做某事stop

doing

停止做某事goon

todo

继续做另一件事goon

doing

继续做原来在做的事ReadandrememberIrememberseeingyousomewherebefore.

Pleaseremembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.Don’tforgettoclosethedoorwhenyouleavetheroom.Iwillneverforgetclimbingthemountainwithyoulastyear.

Trytotranslatethesentences我记得以前在哪儿见过你。离开时请记得关好灯。你离开房间的时候不要忘了关灯。我永远都不会忘记去年曾和你一起登山。

Choosethebestanswer

()1.

---Ididn’tsleepwelllastnightandIfeelquitesleepynow.---Whynotstop______?Thereisnothingurgent.havingarestB.tohavearestC.toworkD.togoonworking()2.Thebabystarted_______.Try________herquiet.cry,keepB.tocry,tokeepC.tocry,keepD.cry,tokeepBBReadthefollowingWeinvitedhertomakeaspeechatthemeeting.Myparentswantmetogetgoodmarks.Ourteachersalwaystellustostudyhard.

2.不定式用作宾语补足语(v.+sb.+todo)asksb.todotellsb.todoteachsb.todoallowsb.todo

wantsb.todo wishsb.todo

getsb.todo ordersb.todo

findsb.tobe likesb.todo

wouldlikesb.todo helpsb.(to)doReadandrememberFillintheblankswiththeproperverbsSheasked

me

________her.(help)Theteachertold

him

________ontime.(come)Edison’smothertaught

him

________

books.(read)tohelptocometoreadLockthedoor.OK.Hetold_____________________.themtolock

thedoorLookandsayWhydon’tyoucomeandstaywithusforafewdays?Yes,I’dloveto.Theyinvited__________________________________________.hertocomeandstaywith

themforafewdaysLookandsaySheasked_______________________.Canyougivemeahand?Yes,ofcourse.himtogiveherahandLookandsay他要求我再大声点儿。Lucy告诉他饭前要洗手。吉姆告诉李明由衷地祝福每个人。他允许我再做一次。Sheaskedme

tospeak

louder.Lucytoldhim

towash

handsbeforedinner.JimtoldLiMing

togive

hisbestwishestoeverybody.Heallowedme

todo

itagain.Trytotranslatethesentences3）作状语HecametoshowmehisnewCDplayer.Iwenttheretoseemyteacher.ShecamebacktogetherEnglishbook.Theboywastoofrightenedtomove.Iamgladtoseeyou.I’msorrytotroubleyou.(目的)(目的)(目的)(结果)（原因）（原因）3.不定式用作状语V.+to/inorderto/soasto+V.ReadthefollowingIwentto______to...Iwenttothelibrary

toborrowsomebooks.thelibraryto…to/inorderto/soasto…Iwenttothelibrary

inordertoborrowsomebooks.Iwenttothelibrary

soastoborrowsomebooks.Guess,whatwillshesay?LookandsayIwentto______to...Iwenttothefield________________.topicksomevegetablestopick…to/inorderto/soasto…Guess,whatwillhesay?LookandsayIwentto___________________.Starbuckstohave…inordertomeet…soasto…to/inorderto/soasto…Guess,whatwillshesay?LookandsayIwentto____________________.TheBundto/inorderto/soasto…Guess,whatwillshesay?LookandsayIwentto____to/inorderto/soasto_________.Guess,whatwillshesay?Lookandsay1、enoughtodosth.=so…that+肯定句

Heiswellenoughtogotoschool.Heissowellthathecangotoschool.2、not…enoughtodosth.=too…to…=so…that+否定句

Theboyisnotoldenoughtoworkinthefields.Theboyistooyoungtoworkinthefields.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tworkinthefields.Readandremember3、inordertodosth.=soastodosth..=inorderthat+从句=sothat+从句

1)Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchtheearlybus.Hegotupearlyinorderthat/sothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.2)Lucyworkshardinorderto/soastogetagoodjobinthefuture.Lucyworkshardinorderthat/sothatshecangetagoodjobinthefuture.

Readandremember1.Thewaterwassodirtythatwecouldn’tdrinkit.（保持原意）Thewaterwas______dirtyforus_______drink.2.Theboywassofrightenedthathecouldn’tsayaword.（保持原意）Theboywas________frightened________sayaword.3.Thegirlissocleverthatshecouldrecitethetextinthreeminutes.（保持原意）

Thegirlisclever_______________recitethetextinthreeminutes.RewritethesentencestoototootoenoughtoGivemesomething

todrink.Ihavetwobooks

toread.Theyhavemuchfood

toeat.Heaskedforaroom

tolivein.Idon’thaveapen

towritewith.Theiceishard

toskateon.Heboughtatoy

toplaywith.若是不及物动词，介词不能省略4.不定式用作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词之后，不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系

todo作主语，常放句尾，用it作形式主语

1.Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)+todosth.It’sgoodtoseeyou.It’sdifficultforyoutolearnmathswell.Itiskindofyoutosaythat.2.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.

IttookTonyhalfanhourtofinishhishomeworkyesterday.5.不定式用作主语ReadandrememberIt’s+Itishard_____youtodoitwell.=Foryoutodoitwellishard.+(for+sb.)+todosth.It’s+difficult,hard,easy,possible,impossibleimportant

+(

of

+sb.)+todosth.clever,wise,kind,nice,good,foolishright,wrong,bad,careful,carelesssilly

forof

Itiskind______youtohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.Haveatry1.It’sclever______himtosayso.2.Itisimpossible______youtofinishit.3.Itwaswrong______youtotellalie.4.Itwascareless_______youtomakesomanymistakesintheexam.5.Itissilly_______hertodosuchathing.6.Itisimportant______youtolearnEnglishwell.

of

for

of

of

of

forFillintheblankswith“of”or“for”Todanceisalotoffun.Togrowplantsisveryimportant.TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforme.Tohearyourvoiceissonice.Itisalotoffuntodance.Itisveryimportanttogrowplants.ItisnoteasyformetospeakEnglish.Itissonicetohearyourvoice.Rewritethesentences

Toseeistobelieve.

(×)Itistobelievetosee.当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用itis…todo

的句型。Payattention4Toseeistobelieve.Hiswishistobeadoctor.6.不定式放在be动词后面，用作表语ReadthefollowingMydreamistobeadoctor.Hisworkistocleantheroomeveryday.我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。3我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Thebestplanistoleaveatonce.Mydreamistobeascientist.Translatethesentences动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加not.不带to的不定式则在动词前加not.

Myfatherdecided

nottotake

upthejob.Theteachertoldus

nottobe

lateagain.Mymotherletme

notdo

itbymyself.2.否定形式ReadthefollowingCanIuseyourphone?No!Mumasked____________________________.herbabynottouseherphoneLookandsayThelittleboytoldhismum____________.

Becareful.Don’tworry.Iwill.nottoworryLookandsay带疑问词的动词不定式在to前加疑问词。不定式与疑问词连用,常用动词有3.与疑问词连用，作宾语+what/which+to+V.+when/where+to+V.+who(m)/how+to+V.askknowlearnteachtellunderstandMr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.

Hetoldmehowtousethecomputer.ReadthefollowingIdon’tknow

howtodoit.Toodifficult!LookandsayCanyouteachme____________awonderfulmeal?howtomaketomakeLookandsayWhere???Idon’tknow…

tofindmypassport.todonext.toleaveforNewYork.wherewhatwhenIwanttoleaveforNewYork.LookandsayWow!!!Ican’tdecide…LookandsayIdon’tknow…thewashingmachine???Lookandsay但变为被动语态时要加to4.不带to的不定式使役动词make,let感官动词see,watch,hear,feel,notice

+sb.dosth.

Ican'tmakethehorsego.

Mymotherwouldn'tletmegotothefilm.Didyounoticehimleavethehouse?Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Sb.+bedone+todosth.

tosing

Heisoftenheard__________thesong.Theyweremade__________dayandnight.towork

1.我看到他跳舞。

Isawhimdance.2.老板迫使他工作了一整夜.

Thebossmadehimworkthewholenight.3.让我听你唱歌。

Letmelistentoyousing.LookandsayReadandremembersee,hear,notice,watch和feel等词后接不定式和动名词有区别。seesb.doingsth.看见某人在做某事seesb.dosth.看见某人做了或经常做某事A.singB.singingC.tosingD.sang()1.WealwayshearTony________inthenextroom.()

2.WeheardTony_________inthenextroomamomentago.ChoosethebestanswerAB

()1.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has()2.――Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?――Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took()3.――Let'shavearest,shallwe?――Notnow,Ican'tstop______theletters.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwriteChoosethebestanswerACC()4.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplane______overmyhead.A.flies B.flying C.flewD.tofly()5.Awomansawit______whenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen()6.——Tom,haveyouseenyourbrother?——Oh.Isawhim_________basketballontheplaygroundonmywayhome.A.playB.playsC.playing

D.playedChoosethebestanswerBAC

helpsbtodosth.helpsbdosthhelpsbwithsth帮助某人做某事Ioftenhelphimcleantheroom.Ioftenhelphimtocleantheroom.Maryalwayshelpshermotherwiththecooking.Maryalwayshelpshermotherdosomecooking.Maryalwayshelpshermothertodosomecooking.ReadandrememberReadthefollowing4ExerciseI.Choosethebestanswer()1.Ihavealotofthings____thisweekend.(1999)

A.doB.didC.doingD.todo()

2.TheteacheroftentellsJimandJohn____toomuchtimeplayingvideogames.(2000)

A.nottospendB.tonotspendC.don'tspendD.doesn'tspend()

3.Thegreedyinn-keeperoncemadethepoorheron_____twiceaday.(2001)

A.dance B.dances C.danced D.todance()

4.YesterdaymorningIgotupearly_____belatefortheexam.(2002)

A.inordertoB.inorderthatC.soasnottoD.soastoDAAC()

5.Ifthelaunch(发射)in2005issuccessful,Chinawillbethethirdcountry____itsastronautsintospaceafterRussiaandtheUSA.(2002)

A.sendB.sendsC.sendingD.tosend()

6."Mr.Zhu,youhadbetter____toomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight,"saidthedoctor.(2003)A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat()

7."Don'talwaysmakeMichael_____thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear,"Mr.Bushsaidtohiswife.(2003)

A.doB.todoC.doesD.did()

8.Internetbarsmustn'tletpeopleunder18inorletanybody_____badthings.(2004)

A.watchB.towatchC.watchingD.watchesDCAA

()

9.Theheavysnowstormmadethemountainclimbers_____halfway.(2005)

A.stopB.tostopC.stoppingD.stopped()

10.It’stimeforsports.Let’s______bowling,shallwe?（2006）

A.go B.togoC.going D.goes()

11.We’dbetter__________offourmobilephones.Themeetingwillstartinaminute.(2007)A.toturnB.turningC.turnD.turned()

12.Ourheadmasteraskedus_______areportonhowtoprotectwildanimals.(2008)A.writeB.writingC.towriteD.wrote()

13.8.Thewomanfeelsthatsheshouldletherson_______hisowndecisionthistime.(2009)A.makesB.makeC.tomakeD.makingACCBAMrs.WhitetoldTomthathemustn'tthrowpaperontheground.(1999)

Mrs.WhitetoldTom____________throwpaperontheground.2.Idon'tknowwhenweshallleaveforNanjing.(2000)

Idon'tknowwhen____________

forNanjing.3.Comicsareexcitingtoread.(2004)

Itis____________

readcomics.4.Hedidn'tknowwhomhecouldaskforhelp.

Hedidn'tknow____________

askforhelp.5.Idon'tknowwhichhobbygroupIwilljoin.Idon'tknowwhichhobbygroup____________.

nottotoleaveexcitingtowhomtotojoinII.Rewritethesentences8动词（Verb）15动名词（Gerund）

动名词由V.+ing构成，否定形式为notdoing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用

动名词用作主语，宾语和表语ReadthefollowingRunningismyfavouritesport.Mr.Taylorandhiswifeenjoytravellingwithchildren.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.

(作主语)(作宾语)(作表语)带动名词和不定式都可以作主语。通常地，在表示一般或比较抽象的多次性行为时常用动名词；而表示具体的或一次性的动作，尤其是将来的动作时，常用不定式。_________(冲浪)isoneofthemostpopularwatersportsinHawaii.2._________(抄袭)others’homeworkissobadthatitmakesthestudentslazy.

SurfingCopying

1.动名词作主语Fillintheblanksenjoy,finish,keep(on),mind,practise,admit,deny,dislike,consider,suggest,can’thelp,bebusy,giveup，feellike1.他对听音乐总是兴致勃勃。Healways

enjoyslisteningtomusic.2.我打扫完房间了Ihavefinishedcleaningtheroom.3.你不能像这样老变主意。Youshouldn'tkeepchangingyourideaslikethis.+doingsth.

2.动名词作宾语a.作动词宾语Readthefollowing()1.-It'stoohot.Wouldyoumind_________thedoor?-_________.Pleasedoit.toopen;OK

B.opening;Certainlynot

C.opening;Ofcourse

D.toopen;Goodidea()2.Lilyfinished_________thebookyesterday.A.readB.reading C.toread D.reads()3.Nomatterhowharditis,we'llkeep_________untilwemakeit.A.failedB.failing C.triedD.trying()4.-HowcanIimprovemyspokenEnglish?-Youhavetopractise_________asmuchaspossible.speakB.speaking

C.spokenD.tospeakChoosethebestanswerBBDBLucyisinterestedin_________.

listentomusicB.listeningmusic

C.flyingkites D.readbooks2.-Thankyoufor_________therulerfromthefloorforme.

-That'sallright.A.playingfor B.playingwith C.pointingto D.pickingupprevent/stop…from

spend…(in)lookforwardto

2.动名词作宾语a.作介词宾语+doingsth.Choosethebestanswer1.——Whatisthiskindofknifeusedfor?——It’sonlyusedfor_______meat.(cut)2.It’srainingoutside.Whatabout_______somereadinginside.(do)cuttingdoingFillintheblankswiththeproperverbs1.Oneofthebestexercisesisswimming.2.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.3.Ourfavouritesportishorseriding.