考研考博-英语-武威职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-武威职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositiononthetopic“UncivilizedBehaviorsinPublic”Youshouldwriteatleast160wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(inChinese)below:

1.在公共场合有哪些不文明行为

2.造成这些不文明行为的原因

3.怎样改进这些不文明行为

【答案】略

2.单选题

China'sfirstsetofregulationsonhumanorgantransplant,whichprohibitsorganizationsandindividualsfromtradinghumanorgansinanyform,（）onMaylst,2007.

问题1选项

A.fellback

B.fellshort

C.wentintoeffect

D.cometothepoint

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项fellback表示“后退”；B选项fellshort表示“不符合标准，缺乏”；C选项wentintoeffect表示“生效”；D选项cometothepoint表示“直截了当的说，简明扼要的说”。分析句意可知，中国颁布的首部人体器官移植条例是从2007年5月1日开始生效。因此本题正确答案为C选项。

3.单选题

Wemustlookbeyondandassumptionsandtrytodiscoverwhatismissing.

问题1选项

A.justifications

B.illusions

C.manifestations

D.specifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项justifications“理由，辩护”；B选项illusions“幻觉，错觉”；C选项manifestations“显示，证明”；D选项specifications“规格，说明书”。句意：“我们必须透过（）和假设，然后努力发觉什么东西不见了”。这里和关键词assumptions对应的只有选项B。

4.单选题

Theseriouslookingmenindulgedthemselvesinaconversationasiftheywere（）ofthenoisycrowdssurroundingthem.

问题1选项

A.negligible

B.discerned

C.ignorant

D.oblivious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negligible“微不足道的”；B选项discerned“察觉，辨别”；C选项ignorant“无知的”；D选项oblivious“健忘的”。句意：这些外表严肃的人沉浸在会话当中，似乎对周围嘈杂的人群一无所知。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Tomwastotally（

）whenhereceivedaContheexaminhistory,forhewaspositivethathecouldhavegotanA.

问题1选项

A.elated

B.frustrated

C.incited

D.contented

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当汤姆得知历史考试得了个C后，非常沮丧，因为他自信地认为可以得A。elate“得意”；frustrate“沮丧”；incite“煽动”；content“使满足”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe（）concernofstategov-ernments.

问题1选项

A.extinct

B.excluding

C.excessive

D.exclusive

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：一般来说，国家边境问题是政府关心的问题。

extinct灭绝的；excluding除……外，不包括；excessive过度的，过分的；exclusive独有的，专一的。

D项exclusive独有的，专一的符合句意，在这里表示“专门的，特别的”。

7.单选题

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,"No,quitecontrary."Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda"technologicalrenaissance"saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat'smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnogurus（领袖）promisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother'selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver,exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Incorporateexecutives’opinion,technology（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Thepassagestatesthat（）generation.

4.ItisimpliedintheParagraph6that（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmightbeanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.shouldbeaggressivelychampioned

B.hasaprofoundimpactontheirlives

C.renaissanceshouldbepushedforward

D.actuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality

问题2选项

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

C.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

问题3选项

A.technologicalwonders

B.accesstoinformation

C.timesavingdevices

D.time

问题4选项

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology

B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient

问题5选项

A.TheNewInternetLife

B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess

C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance

D.TheDecliningQualityofLife

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问：以公司高管们来看，技术…...。根据原文第二段第三句“Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,‘No,quitecontrary.’”可知，大家的回答是“没有，正好相反”，也就是我们在工作、家庭和社区中的生活质量与所有新互联网以及企业对企业互联网服务的引入不成正比。换言之，技术实际上导致了生活质量的下降，由此可判断D选项正确。A选项表示“应该积极拥护”，B选项表示“对他们的生活有深远的影响”，C选项表示“应该推进复兴”，均与原文表述不符，可排除。

2.细节事实题。题干询问：下列哪一项表述不正确？根据原文第三段可知，技术专家（领袖）承诺我们，访问将使人们生活更方便，给我们更多的时间。相反，正是那些本应解放我们的技术奇迹，却开始把我们束缚在一张似乎无法轻易逃脱的关系网中。由此可见，技术专家的诺言没有实现，相反科技的进步占据了人们更多的时间，人们也难以摆脱这些技术奇迹，所以判断B、D选项正确，可排除。而A选项“技术本应让人们获得自由”与原文表述“liberateus”相符，故可排除。虽然原文提到网络生活开始奴役我们，但并非是指网络一代变成了技术的奴隶，因此，C选项表述错误。故本题正确答案为C选项。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键信息“generation”可定位到原文第四段第二句“Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources”，由此可知，我们的闲暇时光都被某种形式的商业联系所填满，反倒使得时间成为所有资源中最稀缺的一种。因此本题正确答案为D选项。

4.推理判断题。题干询问：第六段暗示……。根据原文第六段第二句“Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?”可知，D选项“科技可能会让人们更有耐心”表述正确。由第六段第一句“Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues”可知，社会保守派谈论文明的衰落，并将其归咎于道德指南针和宗教价值观的丧失，由此判断A选项表述错误。B选项“.com一代不如前几代文明”以及C选项“高速文化导致了文明的沦丧”均与第六段内容不符，故本题正确答案为D选项。

5.主旨大意题。原文主要讲述了新的技术原本是以为人类节约时间和能量为目的，但实际上却给人们带来了很多负面影响，让人们变得更加忙碌，更没有耐心，由此可以判断最适合作为文章标题的应当是B选项。A选项“新的网络生活”表述过于笼统，可排除。C选项“科技复兴的失败”与原文内容不符，故排除。D选项“生活质量的下降”只是其中某些公司高管的观点，过于片面，不能代表原文主旨，故排除。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。

8.单选题

Ifacouplearedivorcedandtheirchildliveswithhismother,heissaidtosufferfromlaceof______love.

问题1选项

A.maternal

B.fraternal

C.paternal

D.parental

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项maternal“母亲的、母性的”；B项fraternal“兄弟般的、友好的”；C项paternal“父亲的、父亲般的”；D项parental“父母亲的”；句意：如果一对夫妇离婚了，他们的孩子和他的母亲住在一起，那么他被认为缺乏父爱。因此该题C项正确。

9.填空题

Thewideapplicationofelectroniccomputersinscienceandtechnologywillfreemanfromthelaborofcomplicatedmeasurementand_______.(compute)

【答案】computation

【解析】【考查点】名词。

【解题思路】and前后表示并列，横线处应该和measurement都是名词，结合关键词computers，可知横线处单词表示计算的意思，computation意思为“计算”，符合语境。

【句意】电子计算机在科学技术方面的广泛应用将使人们从复杂的测量和计算中解放出来。

10.单选题

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing______.

问题1选项

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项layout“安排，陈列”，B项layoff“下岗，解雇”，C项laydown“放下，制定”，D项layaside“搁置”。根据关键词workers“工人”和employees“雇员”可推测，空格部分表示“解雇，下岗”。句意：美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力。炼油工人和石油设备制造工人正在被解雇。因此，该题选择B项正确。

11.单选题

ForyearsscholarshavecontrastedslaveryintheUnitedStatesandinBrazil,stimulatedbythefactthatracialpatternsassumedsuchdifferentaspectsinthetwocountriesafteremancipation.BrazilneverdevelopedasystemofrigidsegregationofthesortthatreplacedslaveryintheUnitedStates,anditsracialsystemwasfluid(asituationthatisfluidislikelytochange)becauseitsdefinitionofracewasbasedasmuchoncharacteristicssuchaseconomicstatusasonskincolor.Untilrecently,themostpersuasiveexplanationforthesedifferenceswasthatPortugueseinstitutionsespeciallytheRomanCatholicchurchandRomancivillaw,promotedrecognitionoftheslave’shumanity.TheEnglishcolonists,ontheotherhand,constructedtheirsystemofslaveryoutofwholecloth(wholecloth:purefabricationusuallyusedinthephraseoutofwholecloth).ThereweresimplynoprecedentsinEnglishcommonlaw,andseparationofchurchandstatebarredProtestantclergyfromtherolethatpriestsassumedinBrazil.

Buttheassumptionthatinstitutionsalonecouldsopowerfullyaffectthehistoryoftworawandmalleablefrontier(anewfieldforexploitativeordevelopmentalactivity)countriesseems,onreexamination,untenable.Recentstudiesfocusinsteadonaparticularsetofcontrastingeconomiccircumstancesanddemographicprofilesatsignificantperiodsinthehistoriesofthetwocountries.Personsofmixedracequicklyappearedinbothcountries.IntheUnitedStatestheywereconsideredtobeBlack,asocialdefinitionthatwasfeasiblebecausetheywereintheminority.InBrazil,itwasnotfeasible.Thoughintermarriagewasillegalinbothcountries,thelawswereunenforceableinBrazilsinceWhitesformedasmallminorityinanoverwhelminglyBlackpopulation.ManumissionforpersonsofmixedracewasalsoeasierinBrazil,particularlyinthenineteenthcenturywhenintheUnitedStatesitwashedgedaboutwithdifficulties.Furthermore,ashortageofskilledworkersinBrazilprovidedpersonsofmixedracewiththeopportunitytolearncraftsandtrades,evenbeforegeneralemancipation,whereasintheUnitedStatesentryintotheseoccupationswasblockedbyWhitessufficientlynumeroustofilltheposts.TheconsequencewasthedevelopmentinBrazilofalargeclassofpersonsofmixedrace,proficientinskilledtradesandcrafts,whostoodwaitingasacommunityforfreedslavestojoin.

ThereshouldbenoillusionthatBraziliansocietyafteremancipationwascolor-blind.Rather,thelargepopulationofpersonsofmixedraceproducedaracialsystemthatincludedathirdstatus,abridgebetweentheBlackcasteandtheWhite,whichcouldbetraversedbymeansofeconomicorintellectualachievement,marriage,orracialheritage.ThestrictandsharplinebetweentheracessocharacteristicoftheUnitedStatesintheyearsimmediatelyafteremancipationwassimplyabsent.WiththepossibleexceptionofNewOrleans,nospecial“place”developedintheUnitedStatesforpersonsofmixedrace.

Sadtosay,everypressureofsocietyworkedtopreventtheirattaininganythingapproximatingtheeconomicandsocialpositionavailabletotheircounterpartsinBrazil.

21.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

22.Accordingtothepassage,earlyscholarsexplainedthedifferencesbetweentheracialsystemsthatdevelopedintheUnitedStatesandinBrazilastheresultofwhichofthefollowingfactors?

23.Inthecontextinwhichitisfound,thephrase“constructedtheirsystemofslaveryoutofwholecloth”(Paragraph1,Line8)impliesthatthesystemofslaveryestablishedbytheEnglishsettlerswas（）.

24.TheauthorimpliesthattheexplanationproposedbyearlyscholarsforthedifferencesbetweenthesystemsofslaveryintheUnitedStatesandinBrazils（）.

25.Theauthormentionsintermarriage,manumission,andtheshortageofskilledworkersinBrazilprimarilyinordertoestablishwhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.contrastingthesystemsofslaverythatwereestablishedinBrazilandintheUnitedStates

B.criticizingtheargumentsofthosescholarswhoconsideredreligionandlawtobethedeterminantsofthesystemsofslaveryinBrazilandintheUnitedStates

C.describingthefactorscurrentlythoughttoberesponsibleforthedifferencesintheracialpatternsthatevolvedinBrazilandintheUnitedStates

D.advocatingfurtherstudyofthedifferencesbetweentheracialsystemsthatdevelopedinBrazilandintheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.Institutional.

B.Demographic.

C.Economic.

D.Geographical.

问题3选项

A.basedonfabricationsandlies

B.tailoredtothesettlers’particularcircumstances

C.intendedtoservetheneedsofafrontiereconomy

D.developedwithoutdirectinfluencefromthesettlers,religionorlegalsystem

问题4选项

A.stimulatingtohistoriansandlegalscholars

B.morepowerfulthanmorerecentexplanations

C.persuasiveinspiteofminordeficiencies

D.questionableinlightofcurrentscholarlywork

问题5选项

A.TheenvironmentinwhichBrazil’sracialsystemdeveloped.

B.TheinfluenceofdifferentlegalandeconomicconditionsinBrazilandtheUnitedStatesonthelife-styleofpersonsofmixedrace.

C.TheoriginsofBrazil’slargeclassoffreeskilledpersonsofmixedrace.

D.ThedifferencesbetweentreatmentofslavesinBrazilandintheUnitedStates.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】21.主旨归纳题。文章开篇提出“ForyearsscholarshavecontrastedslaveryintheUnitedStatesandinBrazil,stimulatedbythefactthatracialpatternsassumedsuchdifferentaspectsinthetwocountriesafteremancipation.（奴隶解放后，巴西没有什么歧视，而美国却有严重的歧视）”这一现象，接着在机制、经济和人群等方面围绕该问题进行详细论述。即可得出本题答案。

22.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词可定位到原文第一段第三句。“Untilrecently,themostpersuasiveexplanationforthesedifferenceswasthatPortugueseinstitutionsespeciallytheRomanCatholicchurchandRomancivillaw,promotedrecognitionoftheslave’shumanity.（直到最近，对这些差异最有说服力的解释是，葡萄牙的制度，尤其是罗马天主教会和罗马民法，促进了对奴隶人性的承认。）”即可得出本题答案。

23.语义题。根据题干关键词可定位到原文第一段第四句。“TheEnglishcolonists,ontheotherhand,constructedtheirsystemofslaveryoutofwholecloth(wholecloth:purefabricationusuallyusedinthephraseoutofwholecloth).”即可得出本题答案。

24.

细节推理题。根据题干关键词theexplanationproposedbyearlyscholars可定位到原文第二段第一句。“Buttheassumptionthatinstitutionsalonecouldsopowerfullyaffectthehistoryoftworawandmalleablefrontier(anewfieldforexploitativeordevelopmentalactivity)countriesseems,onreexamination,untenable.（但是，单凭制度就能如此有力地影响两个原始的、可塑的前沿国家（剥削或发展活动的新领域）的历史，这一假设，在重新审视之后，似乎是站不住脚的。）”即可得出本题答案。

25.

细节推断题。根据题干关键词intermarriage,manumission,theshortageofskilledworkers等可定位到原文中的第二段第5-7句。“InBrazil,itwasnotfeasible.Thoughintermarriagewasillegalinbothcountries,thelawswereunenforceableinBrazilsinceWhitesformedasmallminorityinanoverwhelminglyBlackpopulation.ManumissionforpersonsofmixedracewasalsoeasierinBrazil,particularlyinthenineteenthcenturywhenintheUnitedStatesitwashedgedaboutwithdifficulties.（在巴西，这是不可行的。尽管异族通婚在这两个国家都是非法的，但由于白人在绝大多数黑人人口中只占少数，这些法律在巴西无法实施。在巴西，为混血儿提供服务也比较容易，特别是在19世纪，当时在美国，这种服务受到种种困难的限制。）”即可得出本题答案。

12.单选题

Themeeting’sbeencancelled.Ann（

）allthatwork.

问题1选项

A.needtodo

B.needhave

C.needn’thavedone

D.needednottodo

【答案】C

【解析】考查need的用法。句意：会议被取消了。安娜（）所有工作。前面分句中的时态是过去完成时，所以这里的主句也是用过去时态。need作为情态动词时，表示“需要”或“必须”，没有性和数的变化，通常用于否定句和疑问句，A、B、C选项都不符合题意，所以答案选C选项，needn’thavedone是做了不需要做的事情。翻译：会议已经被取消了，Ann做了不需要做的工作。

13.单选题

Iwillholdyoupersonally（

）ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.lucrative

C.diverse

D.responsible

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。destructive有害的，毁灭性的；lucrative获利多的；diverse不同的，多种多样的；responsible负责的，可靠的。

句意：如果这个项目出了什么问题，我将追究你个人的责任。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

ToyotasaidonTuesdaythatitwill（

）itsannualyear-endsaleseventearly.

问题1选项

A.giveaway

B.fixon

C.kickoff

D.bringup

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。giveaway“放弃，分发”；fixon“确定，固定”；kickoff“开始”；bringup“提出，养育”。句意：星期二，丰田汽车公司宣布将提前开展其一年一度的年终促销活动。选项C符合句意。

15.单选题

Theoldladyhasdevelopeda（

）coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.

问题1选项

A.perpetual

B.permanent

C.chronic

D.sustained

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。perpetual意为“永久地”；permanent意为“永恒的，不变的”；chronic意为“慢性的”；sustained意为“持久的，持续的”。

句意：这位老太太得了一种慢性咳嗽，不能在短时间内彻底治愈。

16.翻译题

与你的个人外表和自我态度一样，你做生意的方式也可以使客户产生良好的印象。当拜访客户时，很重要的一点是谈话开门见山。他并不会真的对你所谈论的天气情况，前一天晚上的总统演说，或是星期天的橄榄球赛感兴趣。他也不会对你夸奖他的西装好看，和墙上的照片中他女儿的模样令人倾倒感兴趣。这样的闲聊是一种不真诚的表现形式，而且侵占了他的时间。我一直认为直截了当是最有效的，因此我向你保证任何一个商人都会因为你能这样做而对你尊重有加。

正如外表决定了人的第一印象，外表也同样决定了产品、地点以及公司的第一印象。

比方说，你也许注意到了生意兴隆饭店的泊车服务生会把劳斯莱斯、奔驰、凯迪拉克等汽车停在最显眼的位置，这样你在走向饭店门口的时候一定会看到它们。我过去以为这么做是因为有钱人给了更多的消费，但真实的原因是每个成功的饭店经营者都懂得良好的形象能推销食品。他想告诉公众：我们招待的是懂格调的客人。因此，很明显，我们的食物一定是精心烹饪的。

一个干净整洁的外表也表示你讲效率有条理——我所知道的公司无不希望拥有这样的形象。如果你曾经走进过汽车维修站一间干净而整齐的车库，我确信你会和我一样，认为把车留在那里进行维护感觉更舒服一些。

【答案】Justlikeyourpersonalappearanceandattitude,themanneryouadoptindoingbusinesscanalsomakeagoodimpressiononyourcustomers.Whenvisitingclients,it’simportanttogetrighttothepoint.He’snotreallyinterestedintheweatheryou’retalkingabout,thePresident’sspeechthenightbefore,orSunday’sfootballgame.Hewon’tbeinterestedinyoucomplimentinghimonhissuitorthewayhisdaughterlooksinthepicturesonthewall.Suchsmalltalkwasaformofinsincerityandencroachedonhistime.Ihavealwaysbelievedthatitismosteffectivetobedirect,soIcanassureyouthatanybusinessmanwillrespectyouforbeingabletodoso.

Justasappearancedeterminesaperson’sfirstimpression,appearancealsodeterminestheproduct,placeandcompany’sfirstimpression.

Forexample,youmayhavenoticedthattheparkingattendantsatathrivingrestaurantparkrollsRoyce,MercedesBenz,Cadillacandothercarsinthemostprominentlocations,sothatyouaresuretoseethemwhenyouwalktothedooroftherestaurant.Iusedtothinkitwasbecauserichpeoplegavethemmoremoney,buttherealreasonisthateverysuccessfulrestaurateurknowsthatgoodlookssellfood.Hewantedtotellthepublic:we’reentertainingstyle-consciousguests.Therefore,itisobviousthatourfoodmustbecarefullycooked.

Acleanandtidyappearancealsoindicatesthatyouareefficientandorganized—animagethateverycompanyIknowwouldliketohave.Ifyou’veeverwalkedintoaclean,tidygarageinagarage,I’msureyou’llagreewithmethatitfeelsbettertoleaveyourcarthereformaintenance.

17.单选题

Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminU.S.politics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,reorder,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,thinks,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

1.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

2.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatAmericanshaveahistoryof（

）.

3.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare（

）.

4.Emerson,accordingtothepassage,isprobably（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

问题1选项

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

问题2选项

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

问题3选项

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

问题4选项

A.apioneerofeducationreform

B.anopponentofintellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.anadvocateofregularschooling

问题5选项

A.Itevolvesfromcommonsense.

B.Itissecondtointelligence.

C.Itistobepursued.

D.Itunderliespower.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第三句“Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.”学校是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是为了知识而追求知识的地方。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第四段最后两句，Hofstadter说，从我们的历史开始，我们对民主和平民主义的渴望就驱使我们拒绝任何带有精英主义的东西。实用性、常识和天生的智慧被认为比你从书本上学到的任何东西都要高尚。由此可以推断，美国有不重视知识的历史。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第二段可知，Ravitch认为学校处于一个实用性比知识更重要的社会，起到一个平衡的作用。根据第五段的内容可知，Emerson认为学校和严格的书本学习人为地限制了孩子。由此可知，两人的观点是截然相反的。选项D正确。

4.根据第五段的内容可知，爱默生认为学校教育限制了孩子的发展，下文提到马克•吐温的《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》就是美国反智主义的一个例证。书中主人公为了避免被教化——上学和学习阅读——这样他就能保持他与生俱来的善良。由此可知，他们持相同的观点，都是反智主义，选项B正确。

5.结合文章内容可知，作者大部分内容都是在探讨美国对知识的不重视，而作者对此是持批判的态度，作者鼓励人们追求知识。选项C符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

18.单选题

Manyeconomistsbelievedthat______consumerswouldcutspendingoncethevalueoftheirhomes