考研考博-英语-安徽艺术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽艺术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.填空题

WhenIwasyoungIalways（1）tobecomeascientist,butattheageof18I（2）myparents'adviceanddecidedtostudylawinstead.NowadaysIthinkthiswasamistake.WhenIlookbackonmylife,I（3）mydecision.（4）,theseisnothingthatIcandoaboutitnow.

【答案】1.wanted

2.took

3.regret

4.unfortunately

【解析】1.语义题。句意:在我年轻时，我经常想成为科学家。

2.固定搭配。Takesomeone’sadvice听从某人建议

3.语义题。空格前“mistake错误”一词可推测此处句意为:当我回顾我的人生时，我后悔我的决定。

4.语义题。句意:遗憾的是现在我不能为我的决定做任何事情。

2.单选题

Thispaperwillexaminerelevanttheoriesandresearchfindingsconcerninglisteningandsecondlanguageacquisitionandidentifyconditionsthatmay（）listening.

问题1选项

A.elevate

B.facilitate

C.stimulate

D.provoke

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。elevate"提升,举起";facilitate"促进,帮助";stimulate"刺激,鼓舞,激励";provoke"驱使,激怒,煽动"。句意：这篇论文将检验有关听力和第二语言习得的相关理论和研究成果,并找出有助于听力的条件。选项B正确。

3.单选题

Thegreatestcontributiontocivilizationinthecenturymaywellbetheair-conditioning—andAmericanleadsjustasamazingisthespeedwithwhichthissituationcametobe.Air-conditioningbegantospreadinindustriesasaproductionaidduringWorldWarⅡ.TodaymostAmericansneedtotakeair-conditioningforgrantedtohomes,offices,factories,theatres,shops,studios,schools,hotels,andrestaurants.

ButnoteverybodyisawarethathighcostandeasycomfortaremerelytwooftheeffectsofthevastcoolingofAmerican.Infact,airconditioninghassubstantiallyalteredthecountry’scharacterandcustoms.

Manyofthebyproductsaresoconspicuousthattheyarescarcelynoticed.Tobeginwith,air-conditioningtransformedthefaceofAmericabymakingpossiblethoseglassy,boxy,sealed-inskyscrapers.Ithasbeenindispensable,noless,tothefunctioningofsensitiveadvancedcomputers,whosehighoperatingtemperaturesrequirethattheybeconstantlycooled.

Ithas,atwill,forcedfamiliesintoretreatingintofamilieswithcloseddoorsandshutwindows,reducingtheinteractionsofneighborhoodlife.Itisreallysurprisingthatthepublic’softennotedwithdrawalintoself-pursuitandprivacyhascoincidedwiththehistoricspreadofair-conditioning.Thoughsciencehaslittlestudiedhowhabitualair-conditioningaffectsmindandbody,somemedicalexpertssuggestthat,likeothertechnicalavoidanceofnaturalvariationsinclimate,air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.Ifso,air-conditioningisonlylikemanyothergreatlyusefultechnicaldevelopmentsthatliberatemanfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway—whileindirectlyweakeninghiminothers.

1.Accordingtothisselection,whichofthefollowingconstitutestheuniquecharacterofU.S.?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thechiefconsequencebroughtaboutbythewideapplicationofair-conditioningis________.

3.Thetoneofthisselectionrevealsthatair-conditioning________.

4.Whobenefitstheleastfromair-conditioningaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardsair-conditioning?

问题1选项

A.Itsexcessiveuseofair-conditioning.

B.Itsadvancedcomputerizedcivilization.

C.Itspublic’sretreatingintoself-pursuit.

D.Itsgreatestcontributiontohumancivilization.

问题2选项

A.thelossofhumancapacitytoadapttochangesinclimate

B.thereductionofsocialcommunicationsofneighborhoodlife

C.theactivelifestyleofallitsusers

D.thedecreasedhumanproductionandpower

问题3选项

A.haslittleeffectonitsusers

B.hasmoreeffectonbodythanonmind

C.bringsmorebenefitsthandamagetoitsusers

D.doesharmaswellasgoodtoitsusers

问题4选项

A.Factorylaborers.

B.Consumers.

C.Medicalexperts.

D.Manufacturers.

问题5选项

A.Critical.

B.Compromising.

C.Neutral.

D.Objective.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Infact,airconditioninghassubstantiallyalteredthecountry’scharacterandcustoms.（事实上，空调已经极大地改变了这个国家的性格和习俗。），可知空调在很大程度上影响着美国，A选项“空调的过多使用”正确。B选项“先进的计算机文明”：根据第三段最后一句Ithasbeenindispensable,noless,tothefunctioningofsensitiveadvancedcomputers,whosehighoperatingtemperaturesrequirethattheybeconstantlycooled.（对于灵敏的高级计算机来说，它是必不可少的，因为它们的高工作温度需要不断地冷却。），可知这里指的是计算机需要空调，而不是计算机影响美国。C选项“公众的自我追求”和D选项“它对人类文明的最大贡献”：文中没有提到公众的自我追求对美国的影响，也没有提到美国对人类的贡献。因此A选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Ithas,atwill,forcedfamiliesintoretreatingintofamilieswithcloseddoorsandshutwindows,reducingtheinteractionsofneighborhoodlife.（它随意地迫使家庭退回到门窗紧闭的家庭中，减少了社区生活的互动。），可知空调减少了人们在社区间的交流，B选项“社区生活中社会交流的减少”符合文章内容。A选项“人类适应气候变化能力的丧失”：根据第四段第三句air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress（空调可能会降低人类适应压力的能力），可知空调会降低人的适应力，但不至于到丧失的地步。C选项“所有用户积极的生活方式”：文中没有具体提到空调让人的生活方式变得更积极还是消极，这不是文章表达的重点。D选项“减少人类生产和力量”：根据文章最后一句air-conditioning…liberatemanfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway（空调……通过在某些方面提高人的生产力和力量，把人从自然中解放出来），可知空调提高人的生产力和力量。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Ifso,air-conditioning…liberatemanfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway—whileindirectlyweakeninghiminothers.（如果是这样的话，空调……通过在某些方面提高人的生产力和力量，把人从自然中解放出来，而在其他方面间接地削弱了人的能力。），可知空调有利有弊，D选项“对用户来说有利有弊”正确；没有分别点出利弊的程度有多深，C选项“对用户来说利大于弊”错误。根据文章倒数第二句Thoughsciencehaslittlestudiedhowhabitualair-conditioningaffectsmindandbody,somemedicalexpertssuggestthat…air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.（尽管科学上很少研究习惯性的空调是如何影响身心的，但一些医学专家认为……空调可能会降低人类适应压力的能力。），前文也提到空调减少社区生活的互动，可知空调对人的身心都有影响，但没有点出对哪方面的影响更大，A选项“对其用户没有什么影响”错误和B选项“对身体的影响比对精神的影响大”错误。因此D选项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第二句Air-conditioningbegantospreadinindustriesasaproductionaidduringWorldWarⅡ.（在第二次世界大战期间，空调作为一种生产援助开始在工业中传播），制造商可以从中赚钱，D选项“制造商”错误。根据第一段最后一句TodaymostAmericansneedtotakeair-conditioningforgrantedtohomes,offices,factories,theatres,shops,studios,schools,hotels,andrestaurants.（如今，大多数美国人在家庭、办公室、工厂、剧院、商店、工作室、学校、酒店和餐馆都需要空调。），工厂工人可以在夏天仍然享受舒服的室温，A选项“工厂工人”错误。根据第四段第三句somemedicalexpertssuggestthat,likeothertechnicalavoidanceofnaturalvariationsinclimate,air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.（但有的医学专家认为，就像其他躲避气候自然变化的技术一样，空调可能会损害人类适应压力的能力。），医学专家可以以空调带给人的影响做研究，C选项“医学专家”错误。纵观全文，作者点出空调带给用空调的人的各种坏处，比如减少社区互动、降低适应压力的能力等，所以消费者受益最小，B选项“消费者”符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】观点态度题。文章提到空调成本高昂、带来的舒适性小，减少了人们的交流，降低了人们适应压力的能力，罗列出很多缺点，却没有提到空调给人们带来的具有建设性的优点，A选项“批评”正确，B选项“折衷”和C选项“中立”错误。D选项“客观”：带有批判性就不是客观的态度。因此A选项正确。

4.翻译题

Onlinenewspapersarealookintothefutureandjustponderingitraisesthequestionofwhetheritisn’tnicergettingyourdailynewscurledupinyourfavoritechairwithyourballpointpenhandytocircleitemsofinterest,orscissorsreadytosnipoutarticlesyouwanttosave.TheGazetteCompanyisbettingitssubscriberswantbothelectronicandpaperoptions，andsofaritseemstoberight.

TherestoftheworldismovingintocyberspacemoreslowlythantheUnitedStates,and,inthedevelopingworld，theInternethashardlypenetratedatall.U.N.SecretaryGeneralKofiAnnanisdeterminedtochangethisthroughtheUnitedNationsInformationTechnologyService,whichwilltrainlargenumbersofpeopletolapintotheincome-enhancingpoweroftheInternet.AnnanisalsoproposinganInternethealthnetworkthatwillprovidestate-of-the-artmedicalknowledgeto10,000clinicsandhospitalsinpoorcountries.

TheonrushingCyberAgehasgivennewfoundpowertousall,asseeninJodyWilliams’sone-womanorganizationusinge-mailtopromoteaglobalbanonlandmines.Yet,thisisbutaglimpseofwhat’saheadinthemindsofthoseimmersedinthisgreatandacceleratingtransformation.

AtMicrosoft,BillGatespredictsthatby2018majornewspaperswill“publishtheirlastpapereditionsandmovesolelytoelectronicdistribution,”andthatby2020dictionarieswillredefinebooksas“eBooktitlesreadonscreen”.

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

【答案】网上报纸是对未来的一种展望，仅仅思考一下就会提出问题，蜷缩在你最喜爱的椅子上，用圆珠笔把你每天感兴趣的新闻圈出来，或者用剪刀剪下你想要保存的新闻，这样会不会更好呢？葛泽特公司打赌说他的订阅者想要电子和纸质报纸两种选择，现在看来似乎是正确的。

世界其他地区比美国更慢地进入电子信息化空间，在发展中国家，互联网根本没有渗透进来。联合国秘书长科菲•安南决心联合联合国信息技术服务来改变这一现状。这个组织将训练大量人员开发互联网的增收潜力。安南还建议建立一个互联网健康网络，这个网络将给一些贫困国家提供10000家诊所和医院最先进的医疗知识。

飞速发展的网络时代赋予了我们新的力量，正如一位名叫朱迪•威廉姆斯的女士所说，她创办的妇女组织用邮件倡导全球禁用地雷。然而，这在那些沉浸在这种伟大而加速的变革中的人的头脑中，只是对未来的一瞥。

微软公司的比尔•盖茨预测，到2018年，主要新闻报纸将“出版他们最后一版纸质报纸，然后完全转为电子版”，并且到2020年，词典将重新将书定义为“在屏幕上阅读的电子书”。

5.单选题

Ourtroubleliesinasimpleconfusion,onetowhicheconomistshavebeenpronesincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Growthandecologyoperatebydifferentrules.Economiststendtoassumethateveryproblemofscarcitycanbesolvedbysubstitution,byreplacingtunawithtilapia，withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplicationsofeither.Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.Theychange—pinegiveswaytooak,coyotesarriveinNewEngland—andtheyreproducethemselves,buttheydonotincreaseinextentorabundanceyearafteryear.Mosteconomiststhinkofscarcityasalaborproblem,imaginingthatonlyenergyandtechnologyplacelimitsonproduction.Toharvestmorewood,buildabetterchainsaw；topumpmoreoil，drillmorewells；togetmorefood,inventpest-resistantplants.

Thatlogicthrivedonnewfrontiersandmoreintensiveproduction,anditheldofftheprophetsofscarcity—fromThomasRobertMalthustoPaulEhrlich—whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s,whenfertilizerandhybridizedseedsarrivedinIndiaandMexico.Butthepicturelooksentirelydifferentwhenwechangethescale.Industrialsocietyisroughly250yearsold:makethelasttenthousandyearsequaltotwenty-fourhours,andwehavebeenproducingconsumergoodsandCO2foronlythelastthirty-sixminutes.Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.Ifwearenotcareful,huntingandgatheringwilllooklikeafarmoresuccessfulstrategyofsurvivalthaneconomicgrowth.Thelatterhaschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletimethatitmakesmoresensetobecautiousthantriumphant.

Althoughfoodscarcity,whenitoccurs,isalocalizedproblem,otherkindsofscarcityarealreadyhere.Groundwaterisalarminglylowinregionsallovertheworld,butthemostimmediatethreattogrowthissurelypetroleum.

1.Economistsareproneto（

）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofecosystems?

3.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthepredictionsmadebyThomasRobertMalthusandPaulEhrlich?

4.Whathappenedinthe1960sand1970s?

5.Thepurposeofmentioningthesearchengineistoshow

（

）.

6.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphimpliesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.emphasizethedifferencesbetweeneconomicgrowthandscarcity

B.seeeconomyfromanecologicalperspective

C.ignoretheenvironmentalimpactofeconomicgrowth

D.usedifferentapproachestoeconomicsandecology

问题2选项

A.Theymaydeteriorate.

B.Theymaybenefitfromtheeconomy.

C.Theyareassociatedwithproductivity.

D.Theyarecloselyrelatedtotechnology.

问题3选项

A.Theyprovedtobeuseful.

B.Theyhavenotcometrue.

C.Theyprovedtobeaccurate.

D.Theyhavenotdrawnenoughattention.

问题4选项

A.LandexpansionoccurredinMexico.

B.FertilizerbegantobeusedinEngland.

C.HybridizedplantsweregrownintheUS.

D.FoodproductionincreasedinIndia.

问题5选项

A.thehighspeedofmodemmachines

B.technologicalprogress

C.popularinterestintheInternet

D.theeconomicimpactofinformationtechnology

问题6选项

A.economicgrowthhasreducedbiodiversityworldwide

B.peopleandnatureshouldcoexistinharmony

C.peopleshouldbeproudoftheirpositioninnature

D.economicgrowthhaschangedtheecosystemrapidly

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:D

【解析】1.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“…withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplications...(经济学家并没有考虑到经济发展对环境及生态的长期影响。)”,即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

2.观点态度题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.(但是，尽管经济可能会扩张，生态系统却不会。)”即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.(他们关于饥荒和短缺的预言并没有实现。)”即可得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s(始于17世纪英格兰的农业革命极大地提高了一英亩土地上的粮食产量，20世纪60年代和70年代也发生了同样的事情，),”即可得出本题答案。

5.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段倒数第三句。根据“Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.(在过去100万年的人类进化过程中，同样的事情也会发生，从蒸汽机到搜索引擎，所有的一切都能在过去的21秒内完成。)”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

6.细节推断题。根据题干将信息点定位至原文第二段最后一句。根据“haschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletime(在这么短的时间里，地球和人类社会发生了巨大的变化)”即可得出本题答案。

6.单选题

Hisinabilitytolearnforeignlanguagewasan（

）tohiscareer.

问题1选项

A.shortage

B.disturbance

C.occurrence

D.obstacle

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。shortage“短缺”；disturbance“打扰”；occurrence“发生，出现”；obstacle“障碍”。句意：他没有学习外语的能力，这成为他职业生涯的一个障碍。根据上下文句意可知D项符合题意，答案D

7.单选题

BillClintonprojectedan（

）personalityinthe1992campaign,butthatwasnothisonlyadvantageoverBushandanindependentcandidate,RossPerot.

问题1选项

A.informal

B.exaggerative

C.affluent

D.effervescent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。informal“非正式的”；exaggerative“夸张的”；affluent“富裕的；流畅的”；effervescent“活跃的”。句意：比尔•克林顿（美国前总统）在1992年的竞选中表现出活跃的个性，但这不是他相对于布什和独立候选人罗斯•佩罗的唯一优势。只有D项可以形容personality。

8.单选题

LastyearmarkedthethirdyearinarowthatIndonesia’sbleakrateofdeforestationhasslowedinpace.Onereasonfortheturnaroundmaybethecountry'santipovertyprogram.

In2007,Indonesiastartedphasinginaprogramthatgivesmoneytoitspoorestresidentsundercertainconditions,suchasrequiringpeopletokeepkidsinschoolorgetregularmedicalcare.CalledconditionalcashtransfersorCCTs,thesesocialassistanceprogramsaredesignedtoreduceinequalityandbreakthecycleofpoverty.They'realreadyusedindozensofcountriesworldwide.InIndonesia,theprogramhasprovidedenoughfoodandmedicinetosubstantiallyreduceseveregrowthproblemsamongchildren.

ButCCTprogramsdon'tgenerallyconsidereffectsontheenvironment.Infact,povertyalleviationandenvironmentalprotectionareoftenviewedasconflictinggoals,saysPaulFerraro,aneconomistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.

That'sbecauseeconomicgrowthcanbecorrelatedwithenvironmentaldegradation,whileprotectingtheenvironmentissometimescorrelatedwithgreaterpoverty.However,thosecorrelationsdon'tprovecauseandeffect.Theonlypreviousstudyanalyzingcausality,basedonanareainMexicothathadinstitutedCCTs,supportedthetraditionalview.There,aspeoplegotmoremoney,someofthemmayhavemoreclearedlandforcattletoraiseformeat,Ferrarosays.

Suchprogramsdonothavetonegativelyaffecttheenvironment,though.FerrarowantedtoseeifIndonesia’spoverty-alleviationprogramwasaffectingdeforestation.Indonesiahasthethird-largestareaoftropicalforestintheworldandoneofthehighestdeforestationrates.Ferraroanalyzedsatellitedatashowingannualforestlossfrom2008to2012—includingduringIndonesia'sphase-inoftheantipovertyprogram—in7,468forestedvillagesacross15provincesandmultipleislands.TheduoseparatedtheeffectsoftheCCTprogramonforestlossfromotherfactors,likeweatherandmacroeconomicchanges,whichwerealsoaffectingforestloss.Withthat,“weseethattheprogramisassociatedwitha30percentreductionindeforestation,”Ferrarosays.

That'slikelybecausetheruralpoorareusingthemoneyasmakeshiftinsurancepoliciesagainstinclementweather,Ferrarosays.Typically,ifrainsaredelayed,peoplemayclearlandtoplantmorericetosupplementtheirharvests.WiththeCCTs,individualsinsteadcanusethemoneytosupplementtheirharvests.

Whetherthisresearchtranslateselsewhereisanybody'sguess.Ferrarosuggeststheimportanceofgrowingriceandmarketaccess.Andregardlessoftransferability,thestudyshowsthatwhat'sgoodforpeoplemayalsobegoodvalueoftheavoideddeforestationjustforcarbondioxideemissionsaloneismorethantheprogramcosts.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,CCTprogramsaimto（

）.

2.ThestudybasedonanareainMexicoiscitedtoshowthat（

）.

3.InhisstudyaboutIndonesia,Ferrarointendstofindout（

）.

4.AccordingtoFerraro,theCCTprograminIndonesiaismostvaluableinthat（

）.

5.Whatisthetextcenteredon?

问题1选项

A.facilitatehealthcarereform

B.helppoorfamiliesgetbetteroff

C.improvelocaleducationsystems

D.lowerdeforestationrates

问题2选项

A.cattlerearinghasbeenamajormeansoflivelihoodforthepool

B.CCTprogramshavehelpedpreservetraditionallifestyles

C.antipovertyeffortsrequiretheparticipationoflocalfarmers

D.economicgrowthtendstocauseenvironmentaldegradation

问题3选项

A.itsacceptancelevelofCCTs

B.itsannualrateofpovertyalleviation

C.therelationofCCTstoitsforestloss

D.theroleofitsforestsinclimatechange

问题4选项

A.itwillbenefitotherAsiancountries

B.itwillreduceregionalinequality

C.itcanprotecttheenvironment

D.itcanboostgrainproduction

问题5选项

A.Theeffectsofaprogram.

B.Thedebatesoveraprogram.

C.Theprocessofastudy.

D.Thetransferabilityofastudy.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

9.单选题

Itisa(n)（

）thattheFrencheatsomuchrichfoodandyethavearelativelylowrateofheartdisease.

问题1选项

A.analogy

B.paradox

C.correlation

D.illusion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。analogy“类比”；paradox“悖论，反论”；correlation“相关，关联”；illusion“幻觉，错觉”。句意：法国人吃很多油腻的东西，但心脏病的发病率却比较低，这是一种很矛盾的现象。根据前后句句意及yet表转折可知，B项符合句意，答案B。

10.单选题

Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit（）aswellaswehadhoped.

问题1选项

A.cameoff

B.wentoff

C.broughtout

D.madeout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项comeoff“成功，实现”；B选项gooff“离开，变质”；C选项bringout“出版，生产”；D选项makeout“辨认出，理解”。根据句意：在深谷里建发电站是个大胆的想法，但结果与我们原来所希望的一样。也就说，这个想法得到实现，所以选项A符合语境。

11.单选题

Thelittlegirlthoughtfailinginexaminationas（

）,soshewasunwillingtotellherparents.

问题1选项

A.humidity

B.humiliation

C.humility

D.humanity

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项humidity“湿度”；B选项humiliation“丢脸，耻辱”；C选项humility“谦卑，谦虚”；D选项humanity“人类，人道”。根据关键词“failinginexamination考试不及格”和动词“thought认为”可知空格部分为“可耻，耻辱”，句意为：这个小女孩认为考试不及格很可耻，所以没有告诉她的父母。故正确答案选B。

12.单选题

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.

Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminateD.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyusingthewordeventuallyinPara.1?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof___.

4.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEXCEPT___.

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyle?

问题1选项

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

问题2选项

A.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”aftertheotherhistoriansdid

B.Thatmostmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”

C.Theterm“Renaissance”becamewidelyusedbyarthistoriansbutnotbymusichistorians

D.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”verydifferentlythanithadbeenusedbyJulesMichelet

问题3选项

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

问题4选项

A.tousereligiousthemes

B.toportrayonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.toproduceartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.tocreateworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

问题5选项

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句“ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.”，中文翻译为：欧洲音乐复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一场普遍的文化运动和一种精神状态。可以判断C选项“欧洲文艺复兴是一种包括音乐风格变化在内的文化发展。”正确。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键字“eventually”可以定位到原文第一段“Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.”，中文翻译为：1855年，历史学家朱尔斯•米歇莱(JulesMichelet)在他的《法国历史》中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化历史学家、艺术历史学家和音乐历史学家采用，所有这些历史学家都在1450-1600年的150年间将其应用于欧洲