考研考博-英语-北京邮电大学世纪学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京邮电大学世纪学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

PassageOne

AcapsulehotelisatypeofhotelinJapanwithalargenumberofextremelysmall“rooms”.

Theguestspaceisreducedinsizetoamodularplasticorfiberglassblockroughly2mby1mby1.25m,providingroomtosleep.Facilitiesrangeinentertainmentofferings(mostincludeatelevision,anelectronicconsole,andwirelessinternetconnection).

Thesecapsulesarestackedsidebysideandtwounitstoptobottom,withstepsprovidingaccesstothesecondlevelrooms.Luggageisstoredinalocker,usuallysomewhereoutsideofthehotel.Washroomsarecommunalandmosthotelsincluderestaurants(oratleastvendingmachines),pools,andotherentertainmentfacilities.Thebenefitofthesehotelsisconvenienceandprice,usuallyaround$21-42anight.

Manycapsulesareusedprimarilybymen.Others(especiallyonweekdays)areoftentooinebriatedtosafelytraveltotheirhomes,ortooembarrassedtofacetheirspouseswhentheyareunemployedorunderemployed.

PassageTwo

Youthisnotatimeoflife.Itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamatterofthewill,aqualityoftheimagination,avigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.

Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidity,oftheappetiteforadventureovertheloveofease.Thisisoftenexistsinamanof60morethanaboyof20.Nobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.Wegrowoldbydesertingourideals.

Yearsmaywrinkletheskin,buttogiveupenthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.Worry,fear,self-distrustbowtheheartandturnthespiritbacktodust.

Whether60or16,thereisineveryhumanbeing’sheartthelureofwonder,theunfailingchildlikeappetiteofwhat’snextandthejoyofthegameofliving.Inthecenterofyourheartandmyheartthereisawirelessstation;solongasitreceivesmessagesofbeauty,hope,cheer,courageandpowerfrommenandfromtheinfinite,youandIwillremainyoung.

Whentheaerialsaredown,andyourspiritiscoveredwithsnowsofcynicismandtheiceofpessimism,thenyouaregrownold,evenat20,butaslongasyouraerialsareuptocatchwavesofoptimism,thereishopeyoumayhaveayoungheartat80.

【答案】PassageOne

【参考译文】

胶囊旅馆是日本一种有许多极小“房间”的旅馆。

客人用来睡觉的空间被缩小为大约2米×1米×1.25米的组合式的塑料或玻璃纤维间。设施包括娱乐设备（大多数包括电视、电子控制台和无线网连接）。

这些胶囊房间并排堆放，分上下两层，有台阶通往第二层。行李通常放在旅馆房间外的储物柜里。洗手间是公用的，大多数旅馆都有餐厅(或至少有自动售货机)、游泳池和其他娱乐设施。这些旅馆的好处是方便和低价，通常每晚大概21到42美元。

许多胶囊房间主要为男性使用。还有一些人(尤其是在工作日)常常是因为喝得太醉而无法安全回家，或者是因为没有工作或者只有部分时间被雇佣而羞于回家面对配偶。

PassageTwo

【参考译文】

青春不是人生的一个阶段。青春是一种心态；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝；青春是一种意志，是丰富的想象，是炽热的情感；青春是生命深泉的涌流。

青春意味着在性格上勇敢战胜懦弱；意味着对冒险的渴望超过对安逸的生活热爱。相较于20岁的青年，它更常见于80岁的老者。没有人仅仅因为岁月的流逝就变老，只是因放弃理想而老去。

岁月也许会使肌肤老去，但丧失激情，定会使灵魂枯萎。忧虑、惶恐、没有自信，会使心灵扭曲，意气如灰。

无论是60岁还是16岁，每个人的心中都有好奇，都有孩童般对未来的渴望，都有源自生活这场游戏的欢乐。在你我的心底，都有一根天线；只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，你我就青春永驻。

一旦天线倒塌，志气被玩世不恭的霜雪和悲观厌世的冰层覆盖，就算才20岁，你也老了；但只要你的天线保持捕捉乐观的信号，即使到了80岁，你也有希望拥有一颗年轻的心。

2.单选题

Tobetermedscientific,amethodofinquirymustbebasedongatheringobservable,empiricalandmeasurableevidence（

）tospecificprinciplesofreasoning.

问题1选项

A.superfluous

B.scrupulous

C.object

D.subject

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。Superfluous“多余的，不必要的”；scrupulous“细心的，小心谨慎的”；object“目标（名词）”；subject“易遭受……的，受……支配”。根据固定搭配subjectto“使服从，受制于”，句意：科学的研究方法必须以收集可观察的、经验的和可测量的证据为基础，并遵循特定的推理原则。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Ionlyknowthemanby（

）butIhaveneverspokentohim.

问题1选项

A.chance

B.heart

C.sight

D.experience

【答案】C

【解析】短语辨析。句意:我只是好像和他见过,但没有和他说过话。

bychance偶然，意外地;byheart凭记忆;bysight面熟;byexperience凭经验。

4.单选题

Realestatedevelopers,smallbusinessesandotherborrowershavecomplainedstrenuouslyinrecentweeksofweakeningsalesandscarcecredit.

问题1选项

A.reluctantly

B.vigorously

C.continually

D.regularly

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.reluctantly不情愿地B.vigorously有力地

C.continually不断地D.regularly有规律地，间隙均匀地

【答案】B

【考查点】副词辨析。

【解题思路】strenuously的意思为“极力地，使劲地”，指的是房地产开发商、小企业和其他借款人卯着劲地抱怨，vigorously，与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】房地产开发商、小企业和其他借款人最近几周一直在强烈抱怨销售疲软和信贷稀缺。

5.单选题

Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit（）aswellaswehadhoped.

问题1选项

A.cameoff

B.wentoff

C.broughtout

D.madeout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项comeoff“成功，实现”；B选项gooff“离开，变质”；C选项bringout“出版，生产”；D选项makeout“辨认出，理解”。根据句意：在深谷里建发电站是个大胆的想法，但结果与我们原来所希望的一样。也就说，这个想法得到实现，所以选项A符合语境。

6.单选题

OnNewYear’sEve,NewYorkCityholdsanoutdoor（

）whichattractsacrowdofamillionormorepeople.

问题1选项

A.incident

B.event

C.case

D.affair

【答案】B

【解析】同义词辨析题。四个词都有事件的意思，incident指的是突发的，概率较小的事件；event指大型的活动或事件；case一般指案件；affair一般指私事。

句意：在新年前夕，纽约市举行了一场户外活动，吸引了100多万人参加。根据参加的人数可推测活动规模之大，所以选项B更恰当。

7.单选题

Shealwayshandledtheproblems（）herownexperienceandprinciples.

问题1选项

A.inthelightof

B.intheeventof

C.inthefaceof

D.inthecourseof

【答案】A

【解析】介词词组辨析。inthelightof根据，按照；intheeventof如果……发生；inthefaceof面临，面对；inthecourseof在……过程中。句意：她总是根据自己的经验和原则来处理问题。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

1.Gettingtoolittlesleepforseveralnightsinarowdisruptshundredsofgenesthatareessentialforgoodhealth,includingthoselinkedtostressandfightingdisease.Testsonpeoplewhosleptlessthansixhoursanightforaweekrevealedsubstantialchangesintheactivityofgenesthatgoverntheimmunesystem,metabolism,sleepandwakecycles,andthebody’sresponsetostress,suggestingthatpoorsleepcouldhaveabroadimpactonlong¬termwellbeing.

2.Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,mayshedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.’’Thesurpriseforuswasthatarelativelymodestdifferenceinsleepdurationleadstothesekindsofchanges,"saidProfessorDijk,directoroftheSurreySleepResearchCentreatSurreyUniversity,wholedthestudy.“It’sanindicationthatsleepdisruptionorsleeprestrictionisdoingmorethanjustmakingpeopletired.”

3.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.InonesurveyofworkersinBritainmorethan5%claimedtosleepnomorethanfivehoursanight.AnothersurveypublishedintheUSin2010foundthatnearly30%ofpeopleclaimedtosleepnomorethansixhoursanight.

4.ProfessorDijk’steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years,toliveunderlaboratoryconditionsatthesleepcentrefor12days.Eachvolunteervisitedthecentreontwoseparateoccasions.Duringonevisit,theyspent10hoursanightinbedforaweek.Intheother,theywereallowedonlysixhoursinbedanight.Attheendofeachweek,theywerekeptawakeforadayandnight,oraround39to41hours.UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight,whilethoselimitedtosixhoursinbedeachnightgotonaverage5hoursand42minutesofsleep.

5.Thetimespentasleephadahugeeffectontheactivityofgenes,pickedupfrombloodtestsonthevolunteers,accordingtoareportintheUSjournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Amongthesleep-deprived,theactivityof444geneswassuppressed,while267genesweremoreactivethaninthosewhosleptforalongertime.

6.Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,whiledisruptionofothergenes,suchasthosethatgovernthebody’sinflammatoryresponse,mighthaveanimpactonheartdisease.Additionalgenesthatwereaffectedhavebeenlinkedtostressandaging.Sleeplossalsohadadramaticeffectongenesthatgovernthebody'sbiologicalclock,suggestingthatpoorsleepmighttriggeraviciouscycleofworseningsleepdisruption.Thetestsshowedthatpeoplewhosleptfor8.5hoursanighthadaround1,855geneswhoseactivityroseandfellovera24-hourcycle.Butinthesleep-deprived,nearly400ofthesestoppedcyclingcompletely.Theremainderroseandfellinkeepingwiththebiologicalclock,butoveramuchsmallerrange."Thereisafeedbacklinkbetweenwhatyoudotoyoursleepandhowthataffectsyourcircadianclock.Thatwillbeveryimportantinfutureinvestigations,”saidDijk.

7.Theresearchersdidnotcheckhowlongittookforgenestoreturntotheirnormallevelsofactivityinthesleep-deprivedvolunteers,buttheyhopetodosoinlaterstudies.Thoughscoresofgenesweredisruptedinthesleep-deprived,thescientistscannotsaywhetherthosechangesareaharmlessshorttermresponsetopoorsleep,asignofthebodyadaptingtosleep-deprivation,orarepotentiallyharmfultohealth.

8.JamesHome,professorofpsychophysiologyatLoughboroughUniversity’sSleepResearchCentre,said:"Thepotentialperilsof’sleepdebt’intoday'ssocietyandtheneedforeighthoursofsleepanightareoftenoverplayedandcancauseundueworry.Althoughthisimportantstudyseemstosupportthisconcern,theparticipantshadtheirsleepsuddenlyrestrictedtoanunusuallylowlevel,whichmusthavebeensomewhatstressfulWe

mustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep.Besides,sleepcanadapttosomechange,andshouldalsobejudgedonitsquality,notsimplyonitstotalamount.”

1.BasedonwhatisreportedintextA,Prof.Dijkseemstohavechosenthevolunteersforhissleepexperiments（

）.

2.TheresearchdescribedintextA（

）.

3.Theuseoftheverbtoclaiminparagraph3indicatesthattheresearchers（

）.

4.WhenthesleepresearcherswhoseworkisthefocusoftextAneededtofindouthowmuchsleeptheirhumanexperimentalsubjectsweregetting,they（

）.

5.AccordingtotextA,DrDijk'sresearchindicatesthatobesity（

）.

6.Prof.Home’sremarks(paragraph8)（

）.

问题1选项

A.primarilyfromamonguniversityundergraduateswithagreatdealoffreetime.

B.fromanagegroupinwhichphysicalgrowthhadendedandmajorundetectedhealthproblemswereunlikelytobepresent.

C.fromarandomassortmentofBritishpeople.

D.fromamongthepeoplemostlikelytosufferfrominterruptedsleeporothersleepingproblems.

问题2选项

A.usefullyconfirmstheworkofearlierresearchersbutofferslittlethatisnew.

B.offersbiologicalclarificationofresearchdoneearlier.

C.contradictstheresultsofearlierresearch.

D.ispioneeringworkofakindneverdonebefore.

问题3选项

A.aresurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

B.havenoreasonnottobelievethatthesleepdataarecorrect.

C.thinkthatthereislittlereasontoacceptthesleepdata.

D.cannotbeabsolutelysurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

问题4选项

A.usedtechnicalmeanstoworkouthowmuchthevolunteershadreallyslept.

B.watchedthesleepingvolunteersinthelabtoseehowlongtheyslept.

C.estimatedthefiguresbyaveragingsleepdataarrivedatbyvariousmeans.

D.reliedonstatementsmadebythevolunteersusedintheexperiments.

问题5选项

A.isthedirectresultofgettingtoolittlesleep.

B.maybethedirectresultofnotgettingenoughsleep.

C.mayresultfromorbeworsenedbyalterationsinthegenesofpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.

D.cannotbeshowntohaveanyreasonabledirectorindirectconnectionwithsleepingpatterns.

问题6选项

A.cautionreadersnottoconcludetoomuchfromProf.Dijk’sfindings

B.emphasizetheimportanceforallhumanbeingsofgetting8hoursofsleepnightly

C.warnthatdangerousstressistheinevitableresultofgettingtoolittlesleep

D.underlinetheimportanceandvalueofProf.Dijk'sresearch

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干意思“基于文章A中的陈述，教授Dijk为自己的睡眠实验选择的自愿者似乎…”定位至第四段“ProfessorDijk'steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years...教授Dijk的团队要求身体都健康且年龄介于23至31岁的14位男人和12位女人……”,由此可知知B项“来自身体发育已停止且不太可能有主要的未被发现的健康问题的年龄群体”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段中“Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,may

shedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.这些对超过700个基因有影响的变化可能让人明白睡觉过少的人患上如心脏病、糖尿病、肥胖、压力和抑郁等疾病风险增加的生物学机制。”及第三段中“Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.先前的研究显示，每晚睡眠少于5小时的人相比睡好觉的同龄人死于各种原因的风险增加了15%。”的对应关系知B项“为早些时候的研究提供了生物学上的阐明”正确。

3.词义题。claim本意指“要求；声称”及它在第三段的主语分别是“英国工人”和“在美国接受调研的人”,由此推测claim这个词的使用表明研究者对睡眠对声称的睡眠数据不能确定，由此知D项“不能完全确定这些睡眠数据是精确的”正确。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight，...(通过使用脑电图传感器，科学家发现每晚睡觉十个小时的人每晚大约睡觉8.5个小时。由此可知A项“用技术方式去算出志愿者们真正睡眠时间是多久”正确。

5.C细节事实题。第二段的第一句指出:这些对超过700个基因有影响的变化可能让人明白睡觉过少的人患上如心脏病、糖尿病、肥胖、压力和抑郁等疾病风险增加的生物学机制。第六段:Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,...控制新陈代谢的基因发生的变化可能会引发或加剧如糖尿病或肥胖等情况……,可知c项“可能被睡觉很少的人的基因变化引起或恶化”正确。

6.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第八段:Wemustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep(我们必须小心避免去推广这些发现，如不能将这些发现推广到习惯六小时睡眠而对自己睡眠满意人身上),可知A项“告诫读者不要从教授Dijk的发现上推断太多”正确。

9.单选题

Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen（

）ofthecompany.

问题1选项

A.appointedtopresident.

B.appointedpresident

C.appointedapresident

D.appointedthepresident

【答案】B

【解析】句意:格林先生最近升任公司董事长了。

语法题。考查冠词。根据冠词的语法规则,职位前不加冠词。而且appoint是及物动词,后面直接接宾语president。故选B.

10.单选题

Agreatamountofworkliasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

问题1选项

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】句意:大量的工作已经投入,为了使这个大教堂恢复到其以前的华丽。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。refresh更新，使精力恢复，使得到补充；restore恢复，修复；restoreto使恢复到…；renovate更新，修复，革新，刷新；renew使更新，续借，复兴。由题干中关键词“toitsprevioussplendor到其以前的华丽”可知B项正确。

11.填空题

Actingissuchanovercrowdedprofessionthattheonlyadvicethatshouldbegiventoayoungpersonthinkingofgoingonthestageis"Don't!"Butitisuselesstotrytodiscouragesomeone（1）feelsthathemustact,althoughthechancesofhisbecomingfamousare（2）.Thenormalwaytobeginistogotoadramaschool.Usuallyonlystudentswhoshowpromiseand（3）areaccepted,andthecourselaststwoyears.Thentheyoung（4）oractresstakesupworkwithaplaycompany,usuallyasassistantstagemanager.Thismeans（5）everythingthatthereistodointhetheatre:paintingscenery,lookingafterthefurniture,takingcareoftheclothes,andevenactinginverysmallparts.Itisvery（6）workindeed,thehoursarelongandthesalaryistiny.Butyoungactorswiththestageintheirbloodare（7）,waitingforthechanceofworkingwithabettercompany,orperhapsinfilmsortelevision.

Ofcourse,somepeoplehaveunusualchances,whichleadto（8）andsuccess（9）thislonganddulltraining.ConniePratt,forexample,wasjustanordinarygirlworkinginabicyclefactory.Afilmproducerhappenedto（10）sightofheronemorningwaitingatabusstop,ashe（11）pastinhisbigcar.Hetoldthebusdrivertostop,andhegotouttospeaktothegirl.Heaskedher（12）shewouldliketogotothefilmcompanytodoatest,andatfirstshethoughthewasjoking.Thenshegotangryandsaidshewouldcallthepolice.Ittooktheproducer（13）minutestotellConniethathewasserious.Thenanappointmentwasmadeforhertogotothecompanythenextday.Thetestwassuccessful.Theygavehersomenecessarylessonsandwithinafewweeksshewasplayingtheleading（14）inafilm,whichmadeherwell-knownovernight（15）thecountry.Ofcourse,shewasgivenadramaticname,whichisnowworldfamous.Butchanceslikethishappenonceinabluemoon!

【答案】1.who

2.small

3.talent

4.actor

5.doing

6.hard

7.happy

8.fame

9.without

10.catch

11.drove

12.if

13.twenty

14.part

15.throughout

【解析】1.后文“feelsthathemustact”为someone的后置定语，此处缺关系代词，故选“who”。

2.整句话的含义为：试图阻止那些自认为他必须演戏的人是没用的，尽管成名的机会…“Although”表转折关系，由此可推断“成名机会很小”符合逻辑，故选“small”。

3.“and”表并列，故此处应选择与“promise希望”同类名词，选项中“talent天赋”符合要求。

4.“or或者”表并列，故此处应选择与“actress女演员”的同类名词，故选“actor男演员”。

5.“meandoingsth.意味着做某事”，故此处选“doing”。

6.前文提到作为舞台监督助理需要承担的一系列工作，以及后文提到工作时间长，薪水少，可知“这份工作很辛苦”，故选“hard辛苦的”。

7.“But但是”表转折，此处填入的词应与前文“辛苦的工作”形成反差，“happy”符合逻辑，整句话的含义为：但是这些将演戏融入自己血液的年轻人是快乐的，他们在等待机会去一个更好的公司或者出演电影电视。故选“happy”。

8.“and”表并列，此处应选择与“success成功”同类名词，故选“fame名气”。

9.前文提到“有些人因获得不寻常的机会而成名”和后文普通女孩ConniePratt的例子可知她“没有经过漫长且枯燥的训练”，故选“without没有”。

10.“catchsightofsb.看见某人”为固定短语，故选“catch”。

11.后文提到“inhisbigcar在他的大车中”，可推测此处应选择与“车子”相关的词，“drivepast”即“驾车驶过”，符合原文，本句描述过去发生的事件，故选drive的过去式“drove”。

12.根据语境及整句话含义“他问她（ConniePratt）…想去电影公司做测试，开始ConniePratt觉得他在开玩笑…”推断此处选“if是否”。

13.由下文“minutes分钟”可知这里需要选择一个描述时间的量词，故选数词“twenty”。

14.“playtheleadingpart担任主角”为固定短语，“part”此处为“角色”的意思。

15.“throughoutthecountry全国”为固定短语，故选“throughout遍及”。

12.单选题

Inschoolexaminationscertainsubjectsareoptional.

问题1选项

A.notdifficult

B.notnecessary

C.nottobechosen

D.notcompulsory

【答案】D

【解析】optional意为“可选择的，随意的”。notcompulsory非强制的，选项D与原句所表达的意思相符。

13.单选题

NeptuneisaboutthirtytimesasfarfromtheSun（）.

问题1选项

A.istheEarth

B.theEarthis

C.isastheEarth

D.asistheEarth

【答案】D

【解析】考查倍数的表达方式。倍数+as...as...，首先排除选项A和B，前后结构保持一致，所以选项D正确。

14.单选题

Thenewspaperdidnotmentionthe（

）ofthedamagecausedbythefire.

问题1选项

A.range

B.level

C.extent

D.quality

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项range“（变动或浮动的）范围”；B选项level“水平，水准”；C选项extent“程度”；D选项“质量，品质”。根据damage可知C选项符合逻辑，表示“损失程度”。句意：报纸没有提到火灾造成的损失程度。

15.单选题

Theprodigalson（

）hislargeinheritanceinafewyearsofheavyspending.

问题1选项

A.inherited

B.received

C.accumulated

D.dissipated

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:挥霍的儿子将他继承的一大笔钱在几年之内就挥霍完了。

inherited继承;经遗传而得。received接受；迎接。accumulated累积。dissipated消散；浪费。

16.单选题

Mostpeoplecan’tget（）thedaywithoutatleastonecupofteaorcoffee.

问题1选项

A.on

B.over

C.through

D.by

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:没有一杯茶或者咖啡,大多数人都无法清醒地过完这一天。getthrough表示“度过,熬过”。所以选项C正确。

17.单选题

Soldiersactin（

）totheordersoftheirofficers.

问题1选项

A.obligation

B.objection

C.offence

D.obedience

【答案】D

【解析】句意:士兵们遵照上级军官的命令行动。

短语辨析。Inobligationto有义务;inobjectionto反对;inoffenceto违反;inobedienceto遵照,服从。故选D。

18.单选题

（）thedisappearanceoftheMayanempire,therearestillMayansintheregioninwhichtheyonceinhabited.

问题1选项

A.Although

B.As

C.But

D.For

【答案】A

【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管玛雅帝国消失，但是，他们曾经居住的地区仍然有玛雅人。结合语境，“therearestillMayans仍然还有玛雅人”与“disappearance消失”是对比关系，后半句是完整的句子，故A为正确答案。

19.单选题

Sinceprivateshareholderscannotbeexpectedto______thewidergoalsofsocietyasawhole,publicownershipmaythenbeinevitable.

问题1选项

A.intensify

B.undermine

C.rip

D.subsidize

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项intensify“增强，强化，变激烈”，B项undermine“破坏，渐渐破坏，挖掘地基”，C项rip“撕，锯”，D项subsidize“资助，给予奖助金”。由privateshareholders“私人股东”和thewidergoalsofsociety“更广泛的社会目标”可知，四个选项中只有A项符合语境。句意：既然不能指望私人股东强化整个社会的更广泛目标，那么公有制可能就不可避免了。因此，该题选择A项正确。

20.单选题

Theking'sdaughterthreatenedtodrinkthechemicalifherefusedherrequest.

问题1选项

A.deadly

B.deathly

C.fatal

D.mortal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国王的女儿威胁国王说，如果不同意她的要求，就喝下毒药。A选项deadlyadj.致命地，非常地，表示致死的可能性极大，用于能引起死亡的事物，如：adeadlydisease是通常会致死的疾病。B选项deathlyadj.死一般的，让人想到死亡的，如：adeathlysilence死一般的寂静。fatal强调命运或必然性，用来形容导致毁灭，灾难，死亡的潜在或实际原因。在预测未来时，多用fatal。而mortal是死亡已经发生或一定会发生，因此该词只用于事实上已经引起死亡或即将引起死亡的事物。此处是表示“致命的东西”，因此，A项是正确答案。

21.单选题

IthasbeenannouncedthatphysicistsfromdifferentcountrieswillgatherinNewYorkfora____nextmonth.

问题1选项

A.symphony

B.symmetry

C.symposium

D.symptom

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.symphony交响乐B.symmetry对称（性）

C.symposium研讨会D.symptom征兆

【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析

【解题思路】前文提到“来自不同国家的物理学家聚集到一起”，而空格处所填词是他们聚集到一起的目的，C选项symposium“研讨会”最符合语义逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均为symposium“研讨会”的形近词，但都不能使原句前后语义衔接。

【句意】据通知，来自不同国家的物理学家将于下个月聚集在纽约参加一个研讨会。

22.单选题

Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmelterscomparedwithanimals,21thisislargelybecause,22animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare23toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,24__themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,__25__,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,__26wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof27humansmellsevenwhentheseare28tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.

Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,__29__othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate30smellreceptorsinthenose,Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend31tothebrain,However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell32cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen33toitoftenenough.

Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit34tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan35newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay__36__explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot37oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe38newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors39forunfamiliarandemergencysignals__40__thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.

问题1选项

A.although

B.as

C.but

D.while

问题2选项

A.above

B.unlike

C.excluding

D.besides

问题3选项

A.limited

B.committed

C.dedicated

D.confined

问题4选项

A.catching

B.ignoring

C.missing

D.tracking

问题5选项

A.anyway

B.though

C.instead

D.therefore

问题6选项

A.evenif

B.ifonly

C.onlyif

D.asif

问题7选项

A.distinguishing

B.discovering

C.determining

D.detecting

问题8选项

A.diluted

B.dissolved

C.dispersed

D.diffused

问题9选项

A.when

B.since

C.for

D.whereas

问题10选项

A.unusual

B.particular

C.unique

D.typical

问题11选项

A.signs

B.stimuli

C.messages

D.impulses

问题12选项

A.atfirst

B.atall

C.atlarge

D.attimes

问题13选项

A.subjected

B.left

C.drawn

D.exposed

问题14选项

A.ineffective

B.incompetent

C.inefficient

D.insufficient

问题15选项

A.introduce