考研考博-英语-南昌师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Ifsomethingverysubstantialisnotdonenextmonth,hecannot（）hisoffice.

问题1选项

A.obtain

B.secure

C.have

D.retain

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。obtain“获得”；secure“保护”；have“拥有”；retain“保留”。句意：如果下个月没有做一些实质性的工作，他将保不住他的职位。选项D符合题意。

2.翻译题

Informationprocessingistheacquisition,recording,organization,retrieval（检索）,display,anddisseminationofinformation.Inrecentyears,thetermhasoftenbeenappliedtocomputer-basedoperationsspecifically.Duringthepastfewcenturiesgreatadvanceshavebeenmadeinthehumancapabilitytorecord,store,andreproduceinformation,beginningwiththeinventionofprintingfrommovabletypein1450,followedbythedevelopmentofphotographyandtelephony,andculminatinginthemassproductionofelectronicdigitalcomputersinthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.Newtechnologiesforpreservingandtransmittingauralandvisualinformationhavefurtherenhancedinformationprocessing.

【答案】信息处理即对信息的获取、组织、检索、展示及传播。这个术语近年来一直经常专门用于电脑运行。从1450年发明了活字印刷技术开始，随后又开发出摄影技术和电话技术，最终于二十世纪下半叶批量生产电子计算机形成顶峰，人类信息记录、信息存储及信息复制能力在过去的几百年间已经取得了巨大的进展。用于储存和传输视频及音频信息的新技术已经进一步加强了信息处理能力。

3.单选题

TheEuropeanParliamenthasbannedtheterms“Miss”and“Mrs”theyoffendfemalemembers.

问题1选项

A.aslongas

B.themoment

C.sothat

D.incase

【答案】D

【解析】考查逻辑关系。aslongas“只要”；themoment“一……就……”；sothat“所以，以便”；incase“万一，假使”。句意：欧洲议会禁止使用“小姐”和“夫人”这两个词，以防它们冒犯女性议员。因此D选项符合题意。

4.单选题

In___timeshumanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.

问题1选项

A.prime

B.primitive

C.primary

D.preliminary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项prime“主要的；最好的；基本的”；B选项primitive“原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的”；C选项primary“主要的；初级的；基本的”；D选项preliminary“初步的；开始的；预备的”。句意：在原始时代，人类旅行不是为了娱乐，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Itwillbesafertowalkthestreetsbecausepeoplewillnotneedtocarrylargeamountsofcash;virtuallyallfinancial（）willbeconductedbycomputer.

问题1选项

A.transmissions

B.transitions

C.transactions

D.transformations

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事实上，所有的资金交易都将由计算机来处理，人们将不需要携带大量的现金，所以在街上闲逛将会更安全。

考查名词辨析。transmission传送，传递，传达，传播，传染；transition过渡，转变，转换；transaction交易，事务；transformation转化，转换，改革，变形。由句意“人们将不需要携带大量的现金”可知C正确。

6.单选题

The（）fromtheairportwasreallytiringbecauseitwassituatedfarfromthecity.

问题1选项

A.flight

B.travel

C.crossing

D.journey

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。选项A：flight意为“飞行，航班”；选项B：travel“旅行，旅游”（泛指）；选项C：crossing意为“横越，横渡”；选项D：journey“（侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程旅行）行程，路程”。由题意可知，本题的正确选项为D选项。句意：从机场回来的路真的很累人，因为它离城市很远。

7.单选题

Nearly（）ofthesurfaceofourplanetiscoveredbywater.

问题1选项

A.seven-ten

B.seven-tenth

C.seven-tenths

D.seventh-ten

【答案】C

【解析】句意:将近十分之七的地球表面由水覆盖。

语法题。考查数词。分数词的分子是基数词，分母是序数词。但是，分子除了1以外，其他分母的序数词要用复数。故选C。

8.翻译题

随着地球上人口的增加，人类依靠土地资源生存变得越来越困难。土地的总量是有限的。虽然使用拖拉机等机械和施用化肥可以提高农业产量，但是土地最终所能产出的粮食只有那么多，不会再增加。随着人口越来越多，人类的消耗也越来越多。很明显，地球上某些地区人口已经饱和；在这其中的许多地区，未来的人口增长肯定会带来更多的贫穷和苦难。然而，富裕国家的人们所使用的自然资源的比例，如粮食和能源，则远大于贫穷国家的人们，他们毫无节制地使用在另一方面会造成资源的巨大浪费。

【答案】AsthenumberofpeopleonEarthincreases,itbecomesincreasinglydifficultforthepopulationtosurviveontheresourcesoftheland.Theamountoflandislimited.Althoughagriculturalproductioncanbeincreasedbyuseofmachinerysuchastractorsandtheadditionoffertilizer,thelandultimatelycanproduceonlysomuchfoodandnomore.Asthehumanpopulationgrows,peopleconsumemore.Clearly,somelocationsonEarthalreadyhavetoomanypeople,inmanyoftheseareas,futureincreaseswillsurelybringaboutmorepovertyandsuffering.Yetpeopleinrichnationsuseproportionallyfarmoreoftheavailableresourcesthanpeopleinpoorernations.Astheyconsumetheseresourceswithoutrestraint,theyalsowastelargeamountsofthem.

9.单选题

6.

问题1选项

A.Hehurthisuncle.

B.Hehurthisankle.

C.Hehasaswollentoe.

D.Heneedsaminorsurgery.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Whereisyourinjury?

M:Here,myankle.

W:Howdidithappen?

M:Itrippedoveronthepavementandtwistedit.Itwasswollenandverypainful.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Here,myankle，即他伤到了脚踝。

10.单选题

Theirsuccessinincreasingthemarketshareresultedfromtheirbreak-throughin（）oftheproductconfiguration.

问题1选项

A.quality

B.stereotype

C.ads

D.maintenance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项quality“品质、质量”；B选项stereotype“老套、成见”；C选项ads“广告”；D选项maintenance“维持、保养”，句意为：他们之所以能成功地提高市场份额，是因为他们在产品配置的质量上取得了突破。quality“品质、质量”符合题意，因此选A。

11.单选题

Doctorswarnedagainstchewingtobaccoasa___forsmoking.

问题1选项

A.succession

B.substitute

C.revival

D.relief

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项succession“连续；继位；继承权；（生态）演替”；B选项substitute“代用品；代替者”；C选项revival“复兴；复活；苏醒；恢复精神；再生效”；D选项relief“救济；减轻，解除；安慰；浮雕”。句意：医生警告不要用咀嚼烟草___吸烟。本句表达“不要用咀嚼烟草代替吸烟”，因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

WhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatedCONTRAST?

问题1选项

A.Sheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.

B.VictorialikesmusicSamisfondofsports.

C.Thinkitoveragainyou’llgetananswer.

D.Heissomewhatarrogant,Idon’tlikethis.

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词用法。题干：哪个斜体部分表示对比？

A选项表示并列；B选项表示对比；C选项表示递进；D选项表示转折。

13.单选题

Thenegotiationshave（）again,andtherepresentativeshaveallbeencalledback.

问题1选项

A.brokenout

B.brokenoff

C.brokenthrough

D.brokeninto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组。A:breakout“突然发生，爆发”；B:breakoff“（使）脱离；停止；中断”；C:breakthrough“突破”；D:breakinto“闯进”。句意：谈判又中断了，代表们都被召回了。结合语境，B为正确答案。

14.单选题

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat_______girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

问题1选项

A.enrolling

B.assigning

C.involving

D.consenting

【答案】A

【解析】enrolling招收,参加;assigning指派,分配;involving牵涉,使参与;consenting允许,赞成。句意：世界银行1994年的一份报告得出结论：招收女童入学可能是当今发展中世界最有效的反贫困政策。选项A符合句意。

15.单选题

Asonlinecomputersystemsbecomemorepopular,televisionsandcomputersareincreasingly().Suchtechnologiescombinethecapabilitiesofcomputers,televisionetc.,andgreatlyexpandtheservicesthatcanbeprovided.

问题1选项

A.separated

B.segregated

C.integrated

D.intersected

【答案】C

【解析】separated分开，隔开；segregated隔离，分离；integrated结合；intersected分割。句意：随着在线计算机系统变得越来越流行，电视和计算机日益融合。这些技术结合了计算机、电视等的功能，极大地扩展了所能提供的服务。选项C符合句意。

16.单选题

Withmanyethnicgroupsrepresented,thestudentunionisvery（

）.

问题1选项

A.homogeneous

B.heterodox

C.heterogeneous

D.heterogeneousness

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。homogeneous意为“同性质的，同类的”；heterodox意为“异端的，非正统的”；heterogeneous意为“由很多种类组成的，各种各样的”；heterogeneousness意为“异质的”。

句意：学生会由不同成员组成，代表了很多民族团体。

17.翻译题

学问是自己的事，不能依靠别人。环境好，图书设备充足，有良师益友指导启发，当然有很大的帮助，但是这些条件具备，也不一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。世间也有不少在学问上有成就的人，并不具备这些条件。最重要的因素，还是个人自己的努力。求学是一件艰苦的事，许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦，所以不能得到成功。

【答案】Learningisone'sownbusiness,andonecannotrelyonothers.Obviouslyitwillbeveryhelpfultolearnknowledgeifonehasgoodconditions,suchasgoodenvironment,enoughbooksandequipmentandguidanceandenlightenmentsfromscholarlymentorsandbeneficialfriends.However,eveniftheseconditionsareprovided,itisnotsurethatonewillhavesuccessinlearning.Therearemanypeoplemakingachievementinlearningwithnothoseconditions.Themostimportantfactorinlearningliesintheindividual'sownendeavor.Learningistough,andmanypeoplecannotbearthehardshiptheymustexperience,sothattheycannotachievesuccess.

18.单选题

Ididn’tmakeoutwhattheprofessormeansbecausehishandwritingisso（）.

问题1选项

A.eligible

B.illegible

C.Knowledgeable

D.vague

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。eligible合格的，合适的；illegible难辨认的，字迹模糊的；knowledgeable知识渊博的；vague模糊的，含糊的。由空格前的handwriting可知能修饰字迹的只有B项，故B项正确。

19.单选题

Thepolicearedoingalltheycantobringthoseresponsibleforthebombingto（）.

问题1选项

A.evidence

B.hearing

C.justice

D.rule

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。evidence“证据，证明”；hearing“听力；审讯”；justice“司法，法律制裁，正义”；rule“统治，规则”。句意：警察正竭尽全力找出爆炸案的元凶将之绳之以法。选项C符合题意。

20.单选题

Afewmonthsofgrooming,mentorsandfounderscanthen（）hundredsofpeopletowatchtheircompany'sofficialintroductiontosociety.

问题1选项

A.summon

B.unite

C.gather

D.assemble

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项summon“召唤”，指运用权威或行使权力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某处，常用于正式的集会或公务等方面；B项untie“团结、合并”，指将两个或两个以上原本分散或对立的事物联合起来，或者指主动联合自己周围的人或物，使之围绕在自己身旁；C项gather“聚集”，多强调按照一定目的或计划有选择的使人或物聚集在一起；D项assemble“集合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：经过几个月的培训后，导师和创始人可以召集数百人观看他们公司向社会的正式介绍。因此A选项正确。

21.翻译题

没人否认创造力的重要性。的确，今后当几乎所有的标准程序均由计算机来完成时，创造力会被证明为更重要。然而，创造力与智力不能等同起来。一位专家的聪明才智可能表现在~个或几个领域，但他对革新不一定感兴趣，或在这方面不一定成功。与此相似，尽管革新要求一定程度的心智，但我们没有发现智力测试与创造力测试两者之间的重要联系。的确，创造力好像更依赖于某种气质和个性一一敢于冒险，吃苦耐劳，锲而不舍，但首先要有改变现状，对社会留下深远影响的愿望，而不是提高各种信息处理的效率。

【答案】Noonedeniestheimportanceofcreativity.Indeed,creativitywillprovemoreimportantinthefuturewhenalmostallstandardprogrammingisdonebycomputers.However,creativityandintelligencecannotbeequated.Anexpert'sintelligencemaymanifestitselfinseveralormoreareas,buthemaynotbeinterestedininnovationorsuccessfulinit.Similarly,althoughinnovationrequiresacertainlevelofmind,wehavenotfoundasignificantlinkbetweentestsofintelligenceandtestsofcreativity.Indeed,creativityseemstodependmoreonacertaintemperamentandpersonality--thewillingnesstotakerisks,toworkhard,topersevere,tohaveawishtochangethecurrentsituationandmakeafar-reachinginfluenceonthesociety,ratherthanimprovetheefficiencyofprocessingallkindsofinformation.

22.单选题

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济的，有关经济的”；B选项thrifty“节俭的”，常用于bethriftywithsth.；C选项frugal“节省的，节俭的”，可用于befrugalwith/ofsth.；D选项careful“小心地，仔细地”，becarefulwith/ofsth.表示“当心，注意”。根据Althoughhehasbecomerich与of可知选C。句意：虽然他变得富有了，但他仍然很节俭。

23.单选题

Thedifferencebetweenavianfluandhumanfluthatshouldbecommandingourraptattentiontodayisthatavianinfluenza,specificallytheH5N1strainknownasbirdflu,threatenstobecometheyoungpeople’splague.Anditisagrowingcontendertocauseadevastatingworldwidepandemicinthenextfewyears.

Wearetoousedtothinkingoffluasanannualannoyancethatkillsonlythefrailandelderly.Butthatjustisn’tthecaseforH5N1.Withamortalityrateofover50percent,thisbirdfluhaskilledover110people,strikingtheyoungandable-bodiedthehardest.Itsvictimsclusterpredominantlyamong5-to-30-year-old,apatternthathasheldupinthe34knowntohavediedfrombirdflusofarthisyear.

Thisvulnerabilitymaystemfromtherobustandfast-respondingimmunesystemsoftheyoung.Thevictimsoverreacttothealienvirus,triggeringamassiveimmuneresponsecalledacytokinestorm,turninghealthylungsintoasoddenmassofdyingtissuescongestedwithblood,toxicfluid,andrampaginginflammatorycells.Asairspaceschokeoff,thebodylosesoxygenandotherorgansfail.

ScientistshaverecentlyshownthatH5N1hasominousparallelswiththedevastating1918flupandemic,whichalsojumpeddirectlytohumansfrombirdsanddisproportionatelyattackedtheyoungandthestrong.Withapatternhighlysuggestiveofacytokinestorm,deathsometimescamewithinjusthours,turningmanyWorldWarItroopshipsintodeathships.

Nowimaginehundredsofthousandsofyoungpeoplelaboringonrespirators,orlyingaloneincorridorsandmakeshifthospitalrooms,toosicktobehelpedwhenthesupplyofbeds,equipment,andtrainedstaffrunout.Seemlikehype?Nottothemedicalexpertswhodiscussedthesescenariosduringlastweek’st/.5*.NewsHealthSummitonemergencypreparedness.

ThispictureputsafaceontheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,projectionsthat,if

H5N1mutatesintoareadilyhuman-transmissiblefrom209,000to1.9millionAmericanscoulddie.PartofourreadinessthinkingshouldbetoheedthebluntwordsofHHSSecretaryMichaelLeavittatthesummit:Anyfamilyorcommunitythatfailstopreparefortheworst,withtheexpectationthatthefederalorstategovernmentwillcometotherescue,willbe“tragicallywrong.”Inapandemic,thegovernment’smedicalresourceswillbestretchedthin,anditwon’tbeabletoguaranteefirst-linehelptoanyhometown,localhospital,orcollegecampus.EventhenationalstockpileofTamiflu,theantiviralthatisthebestwehavetopreventorlessentheimpactoftheillness,hasitslimits.IfacollegestudentishospitalizedwithapossibleH5N1infection,thefedswillprovidedrugs.Buttheywillnotmakeitavailabletofendoffthevirusinthemanyotherswhomayhavecomeinclosecontactwiththeinfectedstudent.IntheexistingfederalguidanceonH5N1,theyoungandhealthyfallintothelowest-prioritygroupforantiviraldrugsandvaccines.Studenthealthcentersorotherprovidershadbetterscroungeuptheirownstockpiles.Containingpossibleoutbreaksoncollegecampusesmaybeallbutimpossible.Socialdistancing—avoidingclosecontactwithotherpeoplewithairkissesinsteadofsmooches,orevenbydonningmasksandgloves—willbetoughtoenforce.

Thethreatposesauniquelydifficultchallenge.Inthebestofallscenarios,theviruswillloseitsfuryandleaveinitswakeanewcultureofindividualandcommunitypreparedness.Butweneedtogetreadynow,andnotforthebestscenariobutfortheworst.

1.Thedifferencebetweenavianfluandhumanfluisthat（

）.

2.Thereasonthatbirdflustrikestheyoungandable-bodiedthehardestmaybe（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichisthebestsourcethatcollegestudentscanrelyuponifthereareoutbreaksofbirdfluoncollegecampuses?

4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theavianflushouldbecommandingourraptattention

B.theavianflumainlythreatenstheyoungpeople

C.theavianfluistocauseadevastatingworldwidepandemicinthenextfewyears

D.theavianfluisanannualannoyancethatkillsonlythefrailandelderly

问题2选项

A.thebodylosesoxygenandotherorgansfail

B.asoddenmassofdyingtissues

C.theenthusiasticimmunesystemsoftheyoung

D.theoverreactionofblood,toxicfluid,andrampaginginflammatorycells

问题3选项

A.ThenationalstockpileofTamiflu.

B.Thegovernment’smedicalresources.

C.Drugsprovidedbythefeds.

D.Thestockpileofthestudents’healthcenters.

问题4选项

A.itisimpossiblethatbirdfluoutbreaksoncollegecampuses

B.thereasonthatbirdflumayimpossiblyoutbreakoncollegecampusesisthatsocialdistancingwillbetoughtoenforcethere

C.bothindividualsandcommunitiesshouldbepreparedforthethreat

D.weneedtogetreadynowfortheworstscenariopreparedforthefuryofbirdflu

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节题。根据题干关键词differencebetweenavianfluandhumanflu定位至第一段:differencebetween...threatenstobecometheyoungpeople’splague.故B项正确。

2.细节题。根据题干关键词strikestheyoung定位至第三段:Thisvulnerabilitymaystemfromtherobustandfast-respondingimmunesystemsoftheyoung,即原因是免疫系统太好了，过度防御造成的。

3.细节题。根据题干关键词outbreaksofbirdfluoncollege定位至第六段第五句,C项是thefedswillprovidedrugs的复现。

4.推断题。文章最后一段最后一句与选项D重现。

24.单选题

Ⅱ.(EconomicLaw)

Considerfirstshareholders’votingrights.Asamatteroflawtheseareseverelylimitedinscope,principallytotherighttoelectandremovedirectors.Shareholdershavenorighttoselectthecompany’sCEO;theycannotrequirethecompanytopaythemasinglepennyindividends;theycannotvotetochangeorpreservethecompany’slineofbusiness;theycannotstopdirectorsfromsquanderingrevenuesonemployeeraises,charitablecontributions,orexecutivejets;andtheycannotvotetosellthecompany’sassetsorthecompanyitself(althoughtheymayinsomecasesvotetovetoasaleormergerproposedbytheboard).Therulesofvotingprocedurefurtherlimitexerciseoftheshareholderfranchise.Delawarelaw,forexample,presumesonlydirectorshaveauthoritytocallaspecialshareholders’meeting,andshareholderswhowaitfortheregularlyscheduledannualmeetingtotrytoelectorremovedirectorsusuallymustpaytosolicitproxies.Finallyandperhapsmostsignificantly,inapublicfirmwithwidely-dispersedshareownership,shareholderactivismisapublicgood,andshareholders’own“rationalapathy”raisesanoften-insurmountableobstacletocollectiveaction.AsRobertClarkhasputit,acyniccouldeasilyconcludethatshareholdervotinginapubliccompanyis“amereceremonydesignedtogiveaveneeroflegitimacytomanagerialpower”.

Whataboutshareholders’righttosuecorporateofficersanddirectorsforbreachoffiduciarydutyiftheyfailtomaximizeshareholderwealth?Here,too,shareholders’“rights”turnouttobeillusory.Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.Theyremainfree,however,topursueother,nonshareholder-relatedgoalsunderthecomfortingmantleofthebusinessjudgmentrule.AsIhavepointedoutinwritingswithMargaretBlair,courtsconsistentlypermitdirectors“tousecorporatefundsforcharitablepurposes;torejectbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity;toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity”.Contrarytotheshareholderprimacythesis,shareholderscannotrecoveragainstdirectorsorofficersforbreachoffiduciarydutysimplybecausethosedirectorsandofficersfavorstakeholders’interestsovertheshareholders’own.

55.ThefirstparagraphtellsusthefollowingBUT___.

56.Whichofthefollowingsentenceclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedsentence?

57.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whatcanthecompanyofficersdo?

58.Courtshavenotalloweddirectorsofcompaniesto___.

问题1选项

A.Shareholdershavenorighttoelectandremovedirectors

B.Shareholderscanrequirethecompanytopaythemdividends

C.Shareholderscannotchangethelineofbusinessofthecompany

D.Shareholderscannotcallaspecialshareholders’meeting

问题2选项

A.Shareholdersinapubliccompanyhavenopoweratall.

B.Someonewantsthemanagerialpowertobelegitimate.

C.Theshareholdervotingisaceremonyforacompany.

D.Shareholders’votinginapubliccompanyhasnosubstantivemeaning.

问题3选项

A.Theycanusetheircorporatepositionforthemselves.

B.Theycanlineupforshareholders.

C.Theycanpursuenonshareholder-relatedgoalsaslongastheythinkitiscorrectinbusiness.

D.Theycancarryoutbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity.

问题4选项

A.usetheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets

B.donatecorporatemoneytochurches

C.rejectaprofit-makingprojectthatwouldpollutetheenvironment

D.refusetosellacompanyfortheinterestoftheneighborhood

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】55.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Shareholdershavenorighttoselectthecompany’sCEO;theycannotrequirethecompanytopaythemasinglepennyindividends;theycannotvotetochangeorpreservethecompany’slineofbusiness（股东无权选择公司的首席执行官；他们不能要求公司支付他们一分钱的股息；他们不能投票改变或保留公司的业务范围）可知B选项“股东可以要求公司支付股息”和原文相悖，A选项“股东无权选举和罢免董事”和C选项“股东不能改变公司的业务”符合原文；第一段Delawarelaw,forexample,presumesonlydirectorshaveauthoritytocallaspecialshareholders’meeting…（例如，特拉华州的法律规定……）可知D选项“股东不得召开特别股东大会”符合原文。因此B选项符合题意。

56.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到划线句子acyniccouldeasilyconcludethatshareholdervotinginapubliccompanyis“amereceremonydesignedtogiveaveneeroflegitimacytomanagerialpower”.（愤世嫉俗者很容易得出这样的结论：上市公司的股东投票“不过是一种旨在给管理权力披上合法性外衣的仪式”），结合第一段所提到的法律对于股东权利的限制可知此处想表达股东的投票权没任何意义，选D选项“上市公司的股东投票没有实质意义”；根据第一段可知股东还是有权利的，但是权利被限制，A选项“上市公司的股东根本没有权力”太过绝对；B选项“有人希望管理权力是合法的”和C选项“股东投票是公司的一种仪式”和原文不符，排除。因此D选项正确。

57.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Theyremainfree,however,topursueother,nonshareholder-relatedgoalsunderthecomfortingmantleofthebusinessjudgmentrule.（然而，在令人欣慰的商业判断规则的外衣下，他们仍然可以自由地追求其他与股东无关的目标）可知选C选项“他们可以追求与股东无关的目标，只要他们认为这在商业上是正确的”；第二段Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.（忠诚的受托责任使高管和董事不能利用他们在公司的职位中饱私囊）可知A选项“他们可以利用公司的职位为自己服务”和原文相悖；B选项“他们可以排队等股东”原文未涉及；第二段toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity（避免以损害债权人利益为代价的有风险的承诺；为了保护员工或社区，以高价击退恶意收购）可知D选项“他们可以以牺牲当地社区为代价来增加利润”错误。因此C选项正确。

58.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.（忠诚的受托责任使高管和董事不能利用他们在公司的职位中饱私囊）可知选A选项“利用他们在公司的地位中饱私囊”；第二段courtsconsistentlypermitdirectors“tousecorporatefundsforcharitablepurposes;torejectbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity;toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity”（法院一贯允许董事“将公司资金用于慈善目的；拒绝以牺牲当地社区为代价增加利润的商业策略；避免以损害债权人利益为代价的有风险的承诺；为了保护员工或社区，以高价击退恶意收购”）可知B选项“把公司的钱捐给教堂”，C选项“拒绝一个会污染环境的盈利项目”以及D选项“拒绝为了社区的利益出售一家公司”都是法院所允许公司董事做的事，排除。因此A选项正确。

25.单选题

Afewdecadesago,itwasstillpossibletoleavehomeandgosomewhereelse:thearchitecturewasdifferent,thelandscapewasdifferent,thelanguage,lifestyle,dress,andvaluesweredifferent.Thatwasatimewhenwecouldspeakofculturaldiversity.Butwitheconomicglobalization,diversityisfastdisappearing.Thegoaloftheglobaleconomyisthatallcountriesshouldbehomogenized.Whenglobalhotelchainsadvertisetotouriststhatalltheirroomsineverycityoftheworldareidentical,theydon’tmentionthatthecitiesarebecomingidenticaltoo:cars,noise,smog,corporatehigh-rises,violence,fastfood,McDonalds,Nikes,Levis,BarbieDolls,AmericanTVandfilm.What’sthepointofleavinghome?

Therearemanycausesforthisdrearyturnofevents,butoneiscentral:economicglobalizationandinstitutionsliketheWorldBankandtheWTOpromoteaspecifickindofhomogenizingdevelopmentthatfreesthelargestcorporationsintheworldtoinvestandoperateineverymarket,everywhere.Fortheseagenciesandcorporation,diversityisnotaprimaryvalue:efficiencyis.Diversityisanenemybecauseitrequiresdifferentiatedsalesappeal.Whatcorporationsloveiscreatingthesamevalues,thesametastes,usingthesameadvertising,sellingthesameproducts,anddrivingoutsmalllocalcompetitors.Massmarketerspreferhomogenizedconsumers.Theyalsopreferplaceswithlowwages,cheapresources,andtheleastrestrictiveenvironmentalandlaborlaws.

Thenewrulesofglobaltradeareprimarilysetbytheultra-secretiveWorldTradeOrganization(WTO),whichnowrivalstheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)asthemostpowerful,yetundemocraticbodyintheworld.Itsrulesarespecificallydesignedtoserveglobalcorporateexpansionandthehomogenizationprocess.Theymakeitnearlyimpossiblefornation-statestopreventcertainharmfulformsofcorporatedevelopment,nomatterwhatproblemstheybring.SowefindthatEuropeanbankerscandominateThirdWorldeconomies;AsiancompaniescancutdownCanadianandBrazilianforests;Americancorporationscandominatethewholeworld’sfarmersandfoodsupply;DisneycanhomogenizeconsciousnessandMcDonaldscanhomogenizetastes,globally.Everycountryloseswhileglobalcorpora