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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Pleasegivemybest______toyourfamily.

问题1选项

A.notice

B.attention

C.regards

D.cares

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项notice“察觉;通知”;B选项attention“注意力”;C选项regards“用在(bestregards)和(withkindregards)等表达方式中,表示对某人的良好祝愿”;D选项cares“关注”。句意:请代我向你的家人______。根据语境,这里是礼貌用语,表达对他人的关心,C选项regards符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.不定项选择题

Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.AtPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,SherryWillisandherhusband,K.WarnerSchaie,havestudied5000people,somesince1956.Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalstimulation.Similarly,thoseluckyenoughtoberelativelyaffluentalsofarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.

Educationhelpstoo.Researcherssaybecauseitinstillstheconvictionthatyoucanalwayslearnsomethingnew.TheSchaie-Willisteamalsohassomeotherobservations.Beinginastablemarriagewithastimulatingspouse,theysay,helpsmaintainintellectualvigor.

Flexibilitycountstoo.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore”Schaiesays.Inneuropsychologicalterms,theabilitytoseeproblemsinnewwaysoftenyieldshigherscoresontestsofmentalfunction.Andpeoplesatisfiedwithlifealsostaymorementallyfit,hesays.

Ifyoufindyourmentalskillssagging,considerworkingonspecificdeficits.WhenWillisgave5-hourstutorialsoninductivereasoningorspatialskillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.Thatadvantageheldupsevenyearslatewhentheywereretested.

Otherwaystostaysharp,Schaiesays,aredoingjigsawpuzzlestohonevisuo-spatialskills,workingcrosswordpuzzlesforverbalskills,andplayingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.

Finally,rememberthis.Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdomcontinuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.

1.Inthepassage,theauthormainlydiscusses().

2.Theword“it”inthesaying“useitorloseit”(paragraph1)refersto().

3.Accordingtotheresearchers,whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectscognitiveaging?

4.Fromthispassagewemaysafelyinferthat()mighthelppreventmentaldeclines.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,allofthefollowingcantrulybesaidaboutwisdomEXCEPTthat().

问题1选项

A.theroleofmentalstimulationinpreventingmentalaging

B.graduallossofmentalskillswithnormalaging

C.therelationshipbetweenmentalfunctionandspatialskills

D.effectivewaystokeepintellectualvigor

问题2选项

A.brainpower

B.cognitivedevelopment

C.mentalsimulating

D.intellectualfunction

问题3选项

A.Education

B.Chronicillness

C.Standardofliving

D.Alloftheabove

问题4选项

A.physicalexercises

B.socialinterconnections

C.rigiddailyroutines

D.ahealthydiet

问题5选项

A.wisdommaybethoughtofasaspecialformofabilitiesandknowledgecompletelydevelopedwithlifeexperience

B.wisdommaystillgrowevenwhentheprocessofmentalagingstarted

C.wisdomissuperiorinimportancetomentalskillssuchinductivereasoningandspatialskills

D.wisdommakesupanimportantpartofbrainpower

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“thereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines有证据表明,保持思维活跃可以减缓与年龄有关的衰退”,可知A项与原文相符。A项“智力的刺激在防止智力老化方面的作用”;B项“随着年龄的增长心智能力逐渐丧失”,与原文不符;C项“智力功能和空间技能之间的关系”,与原文不符;D项“保持智力活力的有效方式”,与原文不符,因此A选项正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe‘useitorloseit’philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.研究人员对‘要么使用它,要么失去它’的理论是否适用于认知老化持不同意见,但有证据表明,保持思维活跃可以减缓与年龄有关的衰退。”可推知it在这里指代“智力的能力”。A项“脑力”;B项“认知的发展”;C项“脑力的模拟”;D项“智力功能”,因此A选项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction幸运地没有患慢性疾病的人在智力功能方面可能进展得更好”可知B项“慢性疾病”与原文相符;由第一段中“thoseluckyenoughtoberelativelyaffluentalsofarebetter那些足够幸运的相对富裕的人也过得更好”可知C项“生活水平”与原文相符;由第二段中“Educationhelpstoo教育也有帮助”可知A项“教育”与原文相符,A、B、C选项均正确。A项“教育”;B项“慢性疾病”;C项“生活水平”;D项“以上所有各项”,因此D选项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第五段中“Otherwaystostaysharp…playingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.还有其他保持思维敏捷的方法……比如靠记忆打桥牌,或者在家与电视游戏节目中的玩家斗智。”可知B项“社会联系”与原文相符。A项“身体锻炼”;B项“社会联系”;C项“固定的日常生活”;D项“健康的饮食”,因此B选项正确。

第5题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdomcontinuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.虽然随着年龄的增长,你可能会失去一些心智能力,但你也会在一个关键领域获得收获:智慧。在40、50,甚至60岁,心智力都在不断增长。”,可知A项“智慧可以被认为是完全由生活经验发展而来的能力和知识的一种特殊形式”、B项“即使大脑开始老化,智慧仍然会增长”及D项“智慧是脑力的重要组成部分”均与原文相符;而C项“智慧的重要性高于归纳推理和空间技能等心理技能”原文并未提及,因此C选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Thebeliefthattheuniverseisimprovingandthatgoodwill()triumphoverevilprevails.

问题1选项

A.ultimately

B.conclusively

C.feasibly

D.terminally

【答案】A

【解析】ultimately最后,根本,基本上;conclusively最后地,决定性地;feasibly可行地;terminally最后,在末端,致命地。句意:宇宙正在进步,正义终将战胜邪恶的信念盛行。选项A符合句意。

4.单选题

FoodanddrinkplayamajorroleinChristmascelebrationsinmostcountries,butinfewmoresothaninMexico.Manyfamiliesoverthefestiveseasonwilldolittlemorethancookandingestaseeminglyconstantcycleoftortillas,friedbeans,meatbothroastedandstewed,andstickydessertsfordaysonend.Thusdoestheextendedfamilykeeponextending—furtherandfurtherovertheircollectivewaistlines.

Luckythem,youmightthink.ExceptthatMexico’sbadeatinghabitsareleadingtoahealthcrisisthatmostMexicansseemblissfullyunawareof.Obesityanditsrelateddisorder,diabetes,arenowmajorhealthconcernsinacountrywherelargeruralregionsarestillconcernedmorewithunder-nourishmentthanwithover-nourishment.InitsperennialrivalrywiththeUnitedStates,Mexicohasatlastfoundanareainwhichitcanmatchitsnorthernneighbor—mouthfulformouthful.

Thestatisticsareimpressive,andalarming.AccordingtotheOECD,Mexicoisnowthesecondfattestnationinthatgroupof30countries.Ahealthpollin1999foundthat35%ofwomenwereoverweight,andanother24%technicallyobese,JuanRivera,anofficialattheNationalInstituteofPublicHealth,saysthatthecombinedfigureformenwouldbeabout55%,andthatasimilarpolltobecarriedoutnextyearwillshowthefatquotientrising.

OnlytheUnitedStates,withcombinedfiguresofover60%,isahead.

Thatsituationalsovariesgeographically.AlthoughMexicanspopulatethenorthoftheircountrymoresparelythanthesouth,theymakeupforitweight-wise.AStudypublishedbythePan-AmericanHealthOrganizationamonthagoshowedthatinthemostlyHispanicpopulationthatlivesoneithersideoftheAmerican-Mexicanborder,fully74%ofmenand70%ofwomenareeitheroverweightorobese.

Moreover,evenexpertshavebeensurprisedbyhowrapidlythenationhasswollen.Whereasthe1999pollshowed59%ofwomenoverweightorobese,only11yearspreviouslythatfigurewasjust33%.Nowhereisthetransformationmorenoticeablethanintheprevalenceofdiabetes,closelylinkedtoover-eatingandobesity.In1968,saysJoel,RodriguezoftheMexicanDiabetesFederation,thediseasewasin35thplaceasadirectcauseofmortalityinMexico,butnowitoccupiesfirstplace,abovebothcancerandheartdisease.Withabout6.5milliondiabeticsoutofapopulationof100million,Mexiconowhasahigherratethananyotherlargecountryintheworld.Notsurprisingly,Mr.RodriguezarguesthatMexicoisinthegripofan"epidemic".

NordoesittaxthebrainmuchtoworkoutthatthecausesoftheseexplosionsinobesityanddiabetesaretheMexicandietandalackofexercise.FormostMexicans,foodconsumption,notjustatChristmasbutallyearround,isanunvaryingcombinationofrefriedbeanstortillas,meatandrefrescos,orfizzydrinks;theyconsume101litersofcoladrinksperpersonperyear,justalittlelessthanAmericansandthreetimesasmuchasBrazilians.

Meanwhile,thelackofexercise,Mr.Riveraargues,isasymptomofrapidurbanizationoverthepast30years.Obesityanddiabetesratesremainslightlylowerinruralareas,indicatingthatmanuallaborenduresasaneffectivewaytostaveoffweightgain.InMexicoCity,though,pollutionandcrimehaveprogressivelydrivenpeopleoutoftheparksandthestreets,somostnowwalkaslittleaspossible—preferablynofortherthanfromthevalet-parkingservicetotherestaurant.Tocombatthefat,healthprofessionalssaythatthecountrymustfirstrealizethatitisindeedinthegripofanepidemic.Otherdiseases,suchasAIDsmidcancer,havecapturedmostofthepublicityinrecentyears;obesityanddiabeteshavebeencomparativelyneglected.

1.Thephrase"onend"inthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby(

).

2.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

3.Theword"perennial"inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans

).

4.WhichisthemostsignificantcauseofmortalityinMexico?

问题1选项

A.untilallbeenconsumed

B.continuously

C.upright

D.untilthelastday

问题2选项

A.Mexicansareeatingalotbecauseofthecountry'saffluence

B.MexicanscanmatchAmericansinthenourishmentoftheirdiet

C.Mexicansonlyovereatduringfestiveseasons

D.Mexicoisnowthesecondfattestnationinthisworld

问题3选项

A.perpetual

B.transient

C.recurring

D.perilous

问题4选项

A.Cancer

B.Diabetes

C.Heartdisease.

D.Obesity

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问‘第一段中“onend”一词可替换为’。由第一段第二句“overthefestiveseason在节日期间”和“fordays数日”以及onend本身有“连续地;不断地”的意思确定B选项“连续不断地”可以替换吗,正确。

2.推理判断题。题干询问‘根据短文,下列哪个句子是正确的?’。由第二段第二句“Obesityanditsrelateddisorder,diabetes,arenowmajorhealthconcernsinacountrywherelargeruralregionsarestillconcernedmorewithunder-nourishmentthanwithover-nourishment.肥胖及其相关疾病糖尿病目前是该国的主要健康问题,而该国广大农村地区仍然更关注营养不良,而不是营养过剩。”确定A选项“墨西哥人吃很多是因为该国的富裕”与原文不符,排除;C选项“墨西哥人只是在节日期间吃得过多”在文中没有提及,排除;第三段第二句“Mexicoisnowthesecondfattestnationinthatgroupof30countries.墨西哥现在是(OECD)30个国家中第二肥胖的国家”确定D项“墨西哥现在是世界上第二肥胖的国家”错误,范围错误,排除;由第二段最后一句“InitsperennialrivalrywiththeUnitedStates,Mexicohasatlastfoundanareainwhichitcanmatchitsnorthernneighbor-mouthfulformouthful.在与美国的长期竞争中,墨西哥终于找到了一个可以与它的北方邻国旗鼓相当大口大口的吃。”推断墨西哥和美国的饮食习惯相似;而第三段讲到墨西哥是OECD第二大肥胖的国家,美国位居第一;所以综合考虑确定B选项“墨西哥人在饮食的营养供给上比得上美国人”符合文意,正确。

3.词汇题。题干询问‘第二段中“perennial”一词可能是指…’。A选项perpetual“长期的;不断的;无期限的”;B选项recurring“循环的;再发的”;C选项transient“短暂的;路过的”;D选项perilous“危险的,冒险的”。找到第二段中单词所在的原句子“Mexicohasatlastfoundanareainwhichitcanmatchitsnorthernneighbor—mouthfulformouthful.在它与美国的perennial竞争中,墨西哥最后发现一个它能与它北部的邻居相比的领域,即食量。”根据句意和上一题可推断perennial的意思为“长期的”,所以A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。题干询问‘墨西哥最重要的死亡原因是什么?’。由第五段第三句“Nowhereisthetransformationmorenoticeablethanintheprevalenceofdiabetes,closelylinkedtoover-eatingandobesity.In1968,thediseasewasin35thplaceasadirectcauseofmortalityinMexico,butnowitoccupiesfirstplace,abovebothcancerandheartdisease.这种转变在糖尿病的流行上最为明显,糖尿病与暴饮暴食和肥胖密切相关。1968年,这种疾病是墨西哥第35位的直接死亡原因,但现在它占据了首位,超过了癌症和心脏病。”所以B选项“糖尿病”正确。

5.单选题

Heisnotaverycrediblelecturer.

问题1选项

A.well-known

B.religious

C.ordinary

D.believable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。credible表示“可靠的;可信的”;A选项为“著名的;众所周知的”;B选项为“宗教的,严谨的”;C选项为“普通的;一般的”;D选项为“可信的”。根据句意可知,他不是一个可信的演讲者。因此,D项为正确答案。

6.单选题

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Consumersvisualizetheiractivitiesindifferentweather.

B.Goodweathertriggersconsumers’desiretogoshopping.

C.Weatherconditionsinfluenceconsumers’buyingbehavior.

D.Consumers’mentalstateschangewiththepricesofgoods.

问题2选项

A.Directcorrelation.

B.Mentalvisualization.

C.Individualassociation.

D.Activeconsumption.

问题3选项

A.Helpingthemadvertiseagreatervarietyofproducts.

B.Enablingthemtoselltheirproductsatahigherprice.

C.Enablingthemtosimplifytheirmathematicalformulas.

D.Helpingthemdeterminewhattosellandatwhatprice.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】PassageOne

Weatherisaconstantforceinourlives,butthere’slittlemarketingresearchonhowitaffectsbusinesses.[9]Now,anewstudyrevealshowsunnyandsnowyconditionsinfluenceconsumerbehavior.[10]Thoseweatherconditionstriggerconsumerstomentallyvisualizeusingproductsassociatedwiththerespectiveweather.Thisleadstoconsumersplacingahighervalueonthoseproducts,thatis,they’rewillingtopaymoremoneyforthem.Butthecorrelationisonlyfoundwithproductsrelatedtobeingoutside.Howdoesthiswork?Researchersgivetheexampleofabeachtowel.Onasunnyday,consumerswhoseethatproductarenotjustlookingatthetowelitself.Theyarelikelyimaginingthemselveslyingonthetowelinthesun.[10]Thismentalpictureofusingthetowelincreasesthevalueoftheproductintheconsumers’mind.Researchersputforwardthefollowinghypothesistoexplaintheirfindings.Theythinkthementalpictureworksinsunshineandsnowbecausetheseweatherconditionshaveapositiveassociationwithoutsideactivities.Theeffectisnotseenwithrainyweather.Researchersassertthisisbecausetherearen’tmanyactivitiesthatareenabledbyrain.Mostproductsassociatedwithrainlikeumbrellasareonlyusedforprotectionfromtheweatherandnotforanyactivities.Researchersbelievethatcompaniesthatsellawidearrayofproductsonlinecanbenefitmostfromtheinsightsthisstudyprovides.[11]Onlinesellersoftenusecomplexmathematicalformulastodeterminewhatproductstofeatureandhowtopricetheseproducts.Incorporatingmoredataaboutweatherwouldallowthemtomakebetterdecisions.Thiscouldbolstersales.

9.Whatdowelearnaboutthefindingsofthenewstudy?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于这项新研究的发现,我们可以知道什么?录音开始不久便提到,一项新的研究揭示了晴雪天气对消费者行为的影响,C选项“天气条件影响消费者的购买行为”与录音原文表述相符,因此正确。A选项“消费者想象他们在不同天气下的活动”和D选项“消费者的心理状态随着商品价格的变化而变化”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此排除。B选项“好的天气引发消费者购物的欲望”,录音中只是表明晴雪天气会触发消费者将这些天气与产品的使用联想在一起,而这样的联想会增加产品在消费者心目中的价值,也就是说,他们愿意为这些产品支付更多的钱。这表明他们愿意花更高的价格来购买东西,并不是说好天气引发购物欲,因此B选项不正确。

10.Whatdoesthepassagesaymayincreasethevalueofproductsforconsumers?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问对消费者来说,什么可以增加产品的价值。录音中提及晴雪天气会促使消费者想象与这些天气相关的商品使用情景,从而增加商品在消费者心目中的价值,并以沙滩毛巾为例具体说明。因此,B选项“大脑想象”正确。A选项“直接关联”利用correlation作干扰,消费者通过天气联想商品使用的场景,然后想象的画面使得商品增值,这是间接的关联,因此A选项不正确;C选项“个人关联”,新研究揭示的是一般消费者的普遍行为,并没有针对个人进行研究,因此不正确;D选项“主动消费”,录音中并没有表明消费是主动还是被动,因此D选项也不正确。

11.Howcanthefindingsofthenewstudybenefitonlinesellers,accordingtotheresearchers?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问研究人员认为这项新研究的发现可以怎样使网上卖家受益?录音结尾处提及,研究人员认为网上卖家在决定卖什么和定什么价格时,如果能把更多的天气信息纳入考虑,会有助于做出更明智的决定,从而促进销售。因此,D选项“帮助他们决定卖什么和定什么价格”正确。A选项“帮助他们宣传更多种类的产品”,录音中并没有提及“advertise(宣传)”这一信息,因此不正确;B选项“使他们能以更高的价格销售产品”,新研究发现跟某些天气条件有正相关的产品可以在消费者心中增值,从而使他们愿意支付更多的钱,但并非所有商品都有这些效应,因此可排除B选项;C选项“使他们能够简化数学公式”利用mathematicalformulas设置干扰,录音只提及网上卖家用复杂的数学公式去帮助做销售决策,新研究的发现可以帮助他们更好地做决策,但没说简化数学公式,因此C选项也不正确。

7.翻译题

Thetermeducationcanbeappliedtoprimitivecultureonlyinthesenseofenculturation,whichistheprocessofculturaltransmission.Aprimitiveperson,whosecultureisthetotalityofhisuniverse,hasarelativelyfixedsenseofculturalcontinuityandtimelessness.Themodeloflifeisrelativelystaticandabsolute,anditistransmittedfromongenerationtoanotherwithlittledeviation.Asforprehistoriceducation,itcanonlybeinferredfromeducationalpracticesinsurvivingprimitivecultures.Thepurposeofprimitiveeducationisthusguidechildrentobecomegoodmembersoftheirtribeorband.

Historicallyallculturesandsocietieshaveprovidedsomeformof“education”,formalandinformal.WhetherwearediscussinginformaleducationofademonstrationvarietyorthehighlyritualizedandformalmechanismsofadoctoralprogramintheUnitedStates,allsystemsofeducationoperateimplicitlyorexplicitlywithasetofpedagogicalobjectives.Inabroadsensetheoverallgoalsofeducation,formalandinformal,aretotransmittheskills,competencies,andvaluesthatthespecificculturedeemsnecessarytoassurethemaintenanceofthesociety.

【答案】只有从表示文化传播过程的文化适应的意义上来看,教育这一词才能应用于原始文化中。对于一个把他自己的文化当做他的全部世界的原始人而言,他对文化连续性和永恒性有着相对固定的理解。他的生活方式相对稳定和纯粹,而在代代相传的过程中,这种生活方式也不会发生很大的改变。至于史前教育,它只能从幸存的原始文化中通过教育实践推知。原始教育的目的在于引导孩子成为他们一伙或乐队中的一名优秀的成员。

从历史角度上看,每个文化和社会都提供了某种形式的教育,不管是正式的,还是非正式的。不管是我们正在讨论的非正式教育的示范还是美国高度仪式化和正式的博士项目机制,所有的教育形式都直接或间接地带有一套教育目的。从广义上讲,教育的总目的,正式或非正式的,是为了传播特定文化所需的用来保证社会群体维持的技能、能力和价值观。

8.单选题

ItisGasNatural’sthirdattempttohookupwithabigpartnerinSpain’srapidlyconsolidatingpowerindustry,havingbeenrebuffedbyEndesain2005andIberdrolain2003.

问题1选项

A.repulsed

B.disclaimed

C.excoriated

D.redintegrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义动词辨析。A选项repulse“驱逐;憎恶”;B选项disclaim“否认,拒绝;放弃,弃权;拒绝承认”;C选项excoriate“严厉的责难;擦破……的皮肤”;D选项redintegrate“使复原;重建;使更新”。句意:这是西班牙天然气公司第三次尝试在西班牙快速巩固的电力行业中与大型合作伙伴结盟,2005年被Endesa公司拒绝,2003年被Iberdrola公司拒绝。rebuff“断然拒绝”,B选项与该词词意最相近,因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Hetoldmethatthemusicwasbarelyaudibleinthehallthatnight.

问题1选项

A.distinct

B.passionate

C.pathetic

D.perpetual

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项distinct“明显的,独特的,清楚的”,B项passionate“热情的,热烈的”,C项pathetic“可怜的,悲哀的”,D项perpetual“永久的,不断的”。句意:他告诉我那天晚上音乐厅里的音乐几乎听不见。audible在句中表示“听得见的”,四个选项中意思与之相近的是A项。因此,该题选择A项。

10.单选题

Theytook______measurestopreventpoisonousgasesfromescaping.

问题1选项

A.efficient

B.beneficial

C.valid

D.effective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项efficient“有效率的,有能力的”,B项beneficial“有益的,有利的”,C项valid“有效的,合法的”,侧指文件的有效性,D项effective“有效果的,起作用的”。根据后面部分句子measurestopreventpoisonousgasesfromescaping“防止有毒气体泄漏的措施”可知,D项符合语境。句意:他们采取了有效措施防止有毒气体泄漏。因此,该题选择D项正确。

11.单选题

Aliquidcanbekeptinanopencontainerandfillittothelevelofafreesurface.Agasformsnofreesurfacebut______todiffusethroughoutthespaceavailable.

问题1选项

A.tends

B.intends

C.inclines

D.contends

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tend表示“趋向,倾向,照料”,tendto表示“趋向,注意,易于”,指朝着一个方向发展或者有某种品质;B项intend表示“打算,想要,意指”,intendto表示“打算做,想要”;C项incline表示“倾向于,(使)倾向于,赞同(某人或某事)”,inclineto表示“倾向于……,向……倾斜”,指倾向于用某种方式思考或者表现,被要求做某事;D项contend表示“竞争,奋斗,斗争”,不和to搭配。根据句子的主语gas(气体),结合but转折后面的动词diffuse(扩散)可知,A项“倾向于”符合语境。句意:液体可以保存在一个开放的容器中,并将其装满到一个自由面的水平;气体没有形成自由面,而是倾向于在整个可用的空间中扩散。因此,该题选择A项正确。

12.单选题

Amanof()judgmentwillimmediatelyseethroughthelittlegame.

问题1选项

A.severe

B.solemn

C.sober

D.stern

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:severe“严峻的”;B:solemn“庄严的,严肃的”;C:sober“头脑清醒的,冷静的”;D:stern“严厉的,严峻的”。句意:一个头脑清醒有判断力的人会立刻看穿这个小游戏。根据语境和句意可知C为正确答案。

13.单选题

Amysteriousblackcloudapproachestheearth—ourplanet’sweatherisseverelyaffected.

ThroughouttherestofJuneandJulytemperaturesrosesteadilyallovertheEarth.IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.Peoplecomplained,buttherewasnoseriousdisaster.

ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.Occasionallyair-conditioningunitsfailedanditwasthenthatfatalitiesoccurred.

Conditionswereutterlydesperatethroughoutthetropicsasmaybejudgedfromthefactthat7943speciesofplantsandanimalsbecametotallyextinct.ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.Nothingcouldbedonetoreducethehotairtemperature.Morethansevenhundredmillionpersonsareknowntohavelosttheirlives.

Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose,notsofastastheairtemperature,butfastenoughtoproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.Itwasindeedthisincreasethatproducedthedisastrousconditionsjustremarked.MillionsofpeoplebetweenthelatitudesofCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherethatgrewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday.Allhumanmovementceased.Therewasnothingtobedonebuttoliebreathingquicklyasadogdoesinhotweather.

BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicslaybalancedbetweenlifeandtotaldeath.Thenquitesuddenlyraincloudsappearedoverthewholeglobe.Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle,duenodoubttothecloudsreflectingmoreoftheSun’sradiationbackintospace.Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved.Warmrainfelleverywhere,evenasfarnorthasIceland.Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmospherewasasfavorabletothemasitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.

1.IntheBritishIslesthetemperature____________.

2.FewpeopleintheUnitedStateslosttheirlivesbecause____________.

3.MillionsofpeopleinCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherebecause____________.

4.BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicsweresuchthat____________.

5.Theinsectpopulationincreaseddueto____________.

问题1选项

A.stayedateighty

B.rangedfromeightytoninety

C.approachedonehundred

D.exceededthehundredmark

问题2选项

A.thetemperaturewastolerable

B.peopleremainedindoorsforweeks

C.thegovernmenthadtakeneffectivemeasurestoreducethehottemperature

D.peoplewereprovidedwiththemostcomfortableair-conditioners

问题3选项

A.thetemperaturegrewextremelyhot

B.thetemperaturebecamedamperandhotterasthehumidityofthesurfacewatersoftheseaincreased

C.theirconditionsweretoodangerous

D.nothingcouldbedonewiththehottemperature

问题4选项

A.humansurvivalwouldbeimpossible

B.moreandmorepeoplewouldlosetheirlives

C.fewerpeoplecouldbesaved

D.survivalordeathwasstillundecided

问题5选项

A.thehotair

B.thetropicalclimate

C.therainclouds

D.thedampatmosphere

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.(在不列颠群岛,温度从80度上升到90度,并接近100度。),可知不列颠群岛的温度快接近100度,故C选项“接近100”正确。A选项“保持在80度”,B选项“从80上升到90度”和D选项“超过100度”错误。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.(美国的死亡人数仍然很少,这在很大程度上要归功于前几年和前几个月安装的空调设备。),可知,在美国很少人因为高温而丧生得益于空调,故D选项“人们装有最舒适的空调”正确。A选项“温度还可以忍受”和B选项“人们在室内待了几个星期”:根据第三段第二句Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.(全国各地气温上升到人类承受能力的极限,人们被迫连续数周待在室内。),可知这气温已超出承受范围,故A选项错误,并且因为气温太高人们不得不待在室内,这是高温带来的影响而非只有少数人死亡的原因,故B选项错误。C选项“政府已经采取了有效的措施来降低高温”:文章没有提到政府做了什么,故错误。因此D选项正确。

3.实细节题。根据第五段第一句Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose…toproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.(最终,海水表层的温度上升了……致命的湿度增加。)和第三句grewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday(天气一天比一天潮湿和炎热),可知是海水温度和湿度增加影响的开罗和好望角地区,故B选项“随着海洋表层海水湿度的增加,温度变得更潮湿、更热”正确,A选项“温度变得非常热”中仅仅因为温度变化不至于造成这样的结果。C选项“他们的条件太危险了”:这是对这情况的描述而非原因,故错误。D选项“他们对高温无计可施”:根据第四段第二句ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.(人类之所以能活下来,完全是因为挖到了洞穴和地窖。),可知人类运用了一些对策面对高温,故错误。因此B选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第六段BythefourthweekofJuly…Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle…Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved…asitwasunfavorabletoManand

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