考研考博-英语-三亚理工职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三亚理工职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

EuropeisfollowingtheDutchleadandtakingthegreenmovementtothemanufacturersofwhitegoodsandelectronics.AspateoflegislationemergingfromBrusselsaimsultimatelytoholdmanufacturersresponsibleforthefateoftheirproductsalongafterthey’veleftstoreshelvesorcarshowrooms.They’rebeingtoldtheymustensurethatasmuchas85percentoftheirproductsberecycledorreused,andtheremainderdisposedofinenvironmentallysoundways.

Somethingsurelyneedstobedone.Inrecentdecadesconsumershavegrownusedtoanever-speedierturnoverofhardware.Acomputerbuiltinthe1960slasted10yearsonaverage;nowtheyarescrappedinjustfour.Inthepastmorethan90percentofthisdetritushadbeenburiedinlandfills.Europe'sjunkheapofelectronicgoodsnowweighs6milliontonsandwilldoublein12years.Allthiswasteistakinganobvioustollontheplanet.

EvenatthisearlystageinEurope'srecyclingexperiment,thoughthenewlawshavealreadycausedunintendedproblems.SomeEuropeancountrieshavebeencaughtwhollyunprepared.Becauseofthenewregulations,wastesitesandincinerators（焚化炉）throughoutEuropearebeinginundatedwithhardware.Recyclingfacilitiesnowcomingonlinefaceabacklogofsixmonths.Anotherproblem:replacingbadbutessentialmaterials.TheEUwillsoonbantheuseofthelead,ahazardoussubstancethat’sbeenusedfordecadestosoldercircuitboards.Electronicscompaniesarestrugglingtofindalternatives.“Thiscouldbeamuchbiggerchallengeforusthanthewaste-disposalregulation,”saysMichelleONeill,aHewlett-PackardlobbyistinBrussels.

Businessleadersalsowarnofexcessivecosts.“Societyandthepoliticianshaveanotherobjectivehere;tomovecostsontoindustry,”saysViktorSundberg,EuropeanaffairsdirectorofSwedishmanufacturerElectrolux.Inevitablysomeofthosecostswilltrickledowntotheconsumer.Andthere'sthestickyproblemofassigningresponsibility.Isonemanufacturerliableforrecyclingtheproductsofaformerrivalthathasgoneoutofbusiness?Shouldcarmakerspayfordismemberingvehiclesbuiltyearsbeforethedirectivetookeffect?Europehasn'tworkedouttheseissues.

Thenewrecyclinglawsmaynotcostasmuchasonemightthink.Manyofthenewtargetsareonlyincrementallytougherthanexistingones.Carmakers,forinstance,willinfiveyearshavetorecycleorreuse80percent,byweight,oftheiroldcars.Butinthemoreeco-consciousnorthernstates,theyalreadyvoluntarilyrecycle60percent.Thatmaybewhymanufacturershavegreetedthenewrulesmeekly.FordclaimsthatitslatestFiestahatchback,newlybuiltfortheEuropeanmarket,isalready85percentrecyclable;that'sapowerfulimagefortheneweco-friendlymanufacturing,providedEurope’smedicineworkswithouttoomanysideEffects.

1.Theauthorsays“somethingsurelyneedstobedone”because（

）.

2.Theword“inundate”(underlinedinparagraph3)probablymeans

（

）.

3.WhatdisturbselectronicscompaniesmostaccordingtoMichelleONeill?

4.Welearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theenvironmenthasalreadybeenseriouslypolluted.

B.someproductsarereplacedatafasterratethanbefore

C.Europedoesn'thaveenoughplacestoburythediscardedgoods

D.someelectronicgoodswillnotdecayiftheyareburied

问题2选项

A.overwhelm

B.destroy

C.flood

D.pollute

问题3选项

A.Theproductionofrecyclingfacilitiesfallsfarshortofdemand.

B.Thedestructionofelectronicproductswillcostalotofmoney.

C.Thewaste-disposalprocessinvolvesadvancedtechnology.

D.Someessentialmaterialshavetobereplaced.

问题4选项

A.Manufacturersarereluctanttospendalargesumofmoneyonrecyclingtheirproducts.

B.Manufacturerswillshoulderalargerproportionofthecostsofrecycling.

C.InnovativeEuropeanlawsdon’tdefineclearlyhowtoassigntheresponsibility.

D.InnovativeEuropeanlawsarenotapplicableinmanydevelopingcountries.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Somethingsurelyneedstobedone.Inrecentdecadesconsumershavegrownusedtoanever-speedierturnoverofhardware.（一定要做点什么。近几十年来，消费者已经习惯了越来越快的硬件周转）可知B选项“某些产品的更换速度比以前快”符合题意。

2.词义题。由文章第三段中的Becauseofthenewregulations,wastesitesandincineratorsthroughoutEuropearebeinginundatedwithhardware.Recyclingfacilitiesnowcomingonlinefaceabacklogofsixmonths.（由于新的法规，整个欧洲的废物场和焚烧炉都被硬件……现在即将上线的回收设施面临六个月的积压）可知“inundate”为动词，由后面的回收设备积压时间长，可推测前面的废物长和焚烧炉应该是被硬件覆盖、堆积淹没。flood侧重于被水淹没，而overwhelm则侧重于情感方面，指被强烈的感情淹没而不知所措，因此选C。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Anotherproblem:replacingbadbutessentialmaterials...“Thiscouldbeamuchbiggerchallengeforusthanthewaste-disposalregulation,”saysMichelleONeill,aHewlett-PackardlobbyistinBrussels.（另一个问题是：更换坏的但必要的材料……“这对我们来说可能是一个比废物处理条例更大的挑战，”位于布鲁塞尔的惠普说客MichelleONeill说）可知D选项“必须更换一些基本材料”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Andthere'sthestickyproblemofassigningresponsibility...Europehasn'tworkedouttheseissues.（还有一个棘手的问题就是分配责任……欧洲还没有解决这些问题）可知C选项“创新的欧洲法律没有明确规定如何分配责任”符合题意。

2.翻译题

Aphilosophyofculturebeginswiththeassumptionthattheworldofhumancultureisnotamereaggregateoflooseanddetachedfacts.Itseekstounderstandthesefactsasasystemasanorganicwhole.Foranempiricalorhistoricalviewitwouldseemtobeenoughtocollectthedataofhumanculture.Hereweareinterestedinthebreadthofhumanlife.Weareengrossedinastudyoftheparticularphenomenaintheirrichnessandvariety

Butaphilosophicalanalysissetsitselfadifferenttask.Itsstartingpointanditshypothesisareembodiedintheconvictionthatthevariedandseeminglydispersedraysmaybegatheredtogetherandbroughtintoacommonfocus.

Theideathatpeoplecanbehavenaturally,withoutresortingtoanartificialcodetacitlyagreeduponbytheirsociety,isassillyastheideathattheycancommunicatebyaspokenlanguagewithoutcommonlyacceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules.

Likelanguage,acodeofmannerscanbeusedwithmoreorwithlessskillforlaudableorforevilpurposes,toexpressagreatvarietyofideasandemotions.Initself,itcarriesnomoralvalue,butignoranceinuseofthistoolisnotasignofvirtue.Inarticulatenessshouldnotbemistakenforguiltlessness.

【答案】译文：哲学文化始于这样一种假设上，即人类文明并不仅仅是松散而孤立的事实的累积。哲学试图把现象作为系统的有机整体来解释。

译文：但是哲学分析给自己设定了不同的任务。它的研究起点和假设体现在这样一种论断中：即不同的和分散的光线会被聚焦在一起，成为共同的焦点。

译文：那种认为人们可以我行我素，无需借助一种全社会都默认的人为制定的规范的想法，就像认为人们可以用一种没有被普遍认可的语法规则的语言来进行交流的想法一样愚昧。

译文：就像语言一样，一种行为准则可以用或多或少的技巧来表达各种各样的想法和情感，或用于值得称赞的目的，或用于邪恶的目的。

3.单选题

Notallpersonsarrestedand（）withacrimeareguilty,andthemainfunctionofcriminalcourtsistodeterminewhoisguiltyunderthelaw.

问题1选项

A.sentenced

B.accused

C.persecuted

D.charged

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。bechargedwith意为被控告。句意：并非所有被逮捕和被指控犯罪的人都是有罪的，刑事法院的主要职能是根据法律确定谁有罪。sentenced宣判，判决；accused被告；persecuted迫害。所以本题选D。

4.单选题

Allthelivingorganisms,regardlessoftheiruniqueidentity,havecertainbiological,chemical,andphysicalcharacteristicsincommon.

问题1选项

A.asaresult

B.considering

C.whatever

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项asaresult“结果”；B选项considering“考虑到……”；C选项whatever“无论什么，不管怎样”；D选项onpurpose“故意地”。句意：所有的生物体，不论其独特的特性如何，都有某些共同的生物、化学和物理特性。根据句意，可以看出C选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Maryhasbrownhair.Infact,it’squitesimilarinshape______yours.

问题1选项

A.with

B.to

C.like

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】考查介词辨析。similar后面要求跟to，表示“和……差不多”。与with连用，可以是thesamecasewith...，表示“……的情况也如此”。like作介词，表示“像……一样”。same后面跟as，组成thesame...as，表示“和……一样”。句意：玛丽有棕色的头发。事实上，和你的很相似。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Shedidherwork（

）hermanagerhadinstructed.

问题1选项

A.until

B.when

C.as

D.though

【答案】C

【解析】句意:她照经理说的做自己的工作。

连词辨析。As按照，如同,引导方式状语,符合句意。until直到,引导时间状语从句;when当…时候,引导时间状语从句;though即使,引导让步状语从句。

7.单选题

MillionsofAmericanstakelargeamountsofvitaminCpillseverydaybecausetheybelievethevitaminwillhelpthemstayhealthy.However,anewstudysaysvitaminCmayhelpproducesubstancesthatcandamageDNA.ScientistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaexperimentedwithvitaminCintesttubes.TheystudiedtheeffectsofvitaminConasubstanceproducedinthebodyfromfat.Thatsubstanceiscalledhydro-peroxide（过氧化氢物）,whichcanbechangedinacellintosubstancesthatcandamageDNA.ThescientistsfoundthatvitaminCeasilychangedthehydro-peroxideintothegene-damagingpoisons.Suchdamageisthefirststeptowarddevelopingcancer.

However,thescientistssaythestudydoesnotmeanthatvitaminCcausescancer.Theysayitiswell-knownthatvitaminCisimportantforhumanhealth,butpeoplecangetenoughvitaminCinthefoodstheyeat.Earlierstudieshaveshownthateatingalotoffruits,vegetablesandgrainscanreducethechanceofdevelopingbothheartdiseaseandcancer.

OtherresearchersagreethatthelateststudyisimportantinunderstandingthechemistryofvitaminC.Buttheysaythestudydidnotinvolvepeople.ThevitaminCwastestedinthelaboratoryonly.Theythinktheresultsmightbedifferentinlivingcells.

MarkLevineisavitaminCexpertwhoquestionswhetherasimilarstudyinpeoplewouldproducethesameresults.HealsosayspeopleshouldgettheirvitaminCinfoodinsteadoftakinghugeamountsinpillstostayhealthy,andresearchdoesnotsupporttakingalotofvitaminC.

TheUnitedStatesgovernmentsayspeopleshouldgetabouteightymilligramsofvitaminCeachdayinthefoodstheyeat.StudieshaveshownthatthebodycannotusemorethantwohundredmilligramsofvitaminCeachday.MedicalresearcherssaythattakingvitaminCpillscannotreplacethevalueofeatinghealthyfoods.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.WhichoneisNottrueabouttheeffectofVCaccordingtothepassage?

3.Whatdoestheauthorimplywhenhementions“livingcells”inParagraph3?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthescientists’research?

5.TakingalotofVC（

）.

问题1选项

A.TakingalargeamountofVCwilldogoodtohealth.

B.TakingtoomuchVCpillseverydayisnotgoodforhealth.

C.PeopleshouldtakeasmuchVCaspossible.

D.ItisnotnecessaryatalltotakeVCpills.

问题2选项

A.Itisimportantforhumanhealth

B.ItmayhelpproducesubstancesthatcandamageDNA

C.Itcausescancer

D.VCinfoodscanreducethechanceofdevelopingheartdiseaseandcancer

问题3选项

A.Theresearchhasinvolvedlivingcreatures.

B.Theresultsfromthelabtestmightnotalwaysbereliable.

C.Ifitistestedinlivingbodytheresultswillbethesame.

D.ThechemistryofVCisliving.

问题4选项

A.ThescientistsexperimentedwithVCintesttubes.

B.Theresearchdidn’tinvolvepeople.

C.VCwastestedinthelabonly.

D.MarkLevinedidtheexperimentinvolvingpeople.

问题5选项

A.issupportedbyVCexpert

B.isencouragedbytheU.S.government

C.isagreedbymedicalresearchers

D.isdisapprovedbymanyscientists

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，美国人每天服用大量的维生素C药片，一项新的研究表明维生素C会产生破坏DNA的物质。由此可知，不能大量的摄入维生素C，所以选项A和C错误；再根据第二段第二句“itiswell-knownthatvitaminCisimportantforhumanhealth.”众所周知，维生素C对人体健康很重要，所以不摄入维生素C也是不行的，选项D错误；只有选项B正确。所以本题选B。

第2题:细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“thescientistssaythestudydoesnotmeanthatvitaminCcausescancer.”科学家说，这项研究并不意味着维生素C会导致癌症。所以选项C不属于维生素C的效果。根据上一题可知选项A和B均正确；根据第二段最后一句“eatingalotoffruits,vegetablesandgrainscanreducethechanceofdevelopingbothheartdiseaseandcancer.”可知选项D也表述正确。

第3题:判断推理题。根据关键词“livingcells”定位到第三段最后一句，结合上下文的句意：“但是他们（研究人员）说这项研究并没有涉及人。维生素A只是在实验室里进行测试，如果在活细胞中实验的话结果可能会不同。”由此可推断，作者是想暗示实验的结果并不总是可靠的。所以选项B正确。选项A和C均不符合原文；选项D在文中没有提及。

第4题:细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“ScientistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaexperimentedwithvitaminCintesttubes.”可知选项A正确；根据第三段最后两句“ThevitaminCwastestedinthelaboratoryonly.Theythinktheresultsmightbedifferentinlivingcells.”可知选项B和C均正确；根据第四段第一句“MarkLevineisavitaminCexpertwhoquestionswhetherasimilarstudyinpeoplewouldproducethesameresults.”MarkLevine是质疑在人体上进行类似的研究是否会产生相同的结果，而不是做了涉及人体的实验，所以只有选项D不正确。

第5题:细节事实题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“researchdoesnotsupporttakingalotofvitaminC.”研究不支持人们服用大量维生素C。选项中“support，encourage，agree”都表示肯定，同意的意思，只有选项D中的“disapprove”属于不赞成，不同意，所以选项D为正确答案。

8.单选题

Asajuniorassistantmanager,hehadbeenselectedfor（）.

问题1选项

A.interruption

B.promotion

C.consideration

D.intuition

【答案】B

【解析】句意:作为一个年轻的副经理,他已被选中为提拔对象。

考查名词辨析。Interruption中断时间,打扰,插嘴;promotion提升,提拔,晋升;consideration仔细考虑,深思,斟酌;intuition直觉力,(一种)直觉。故B符合句意。

9.单选题

Whenrequiredbytheirparentstoeatgreenvegetablesmanychildrenonlydoso（reluctantly）.

问题1选项

A.intimately

B.impatiently

C.unwillingly

D.unknowingly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。reluctantly表示“不情愿地”；A项intimately“亲切地”，B项impatiently“不耐烦地”，C项unwillingly“不情愿地”，D项unknowingly“不知不觉地”。句意：当父母要求吃绿色蔬菜时，很多孩子只是不情愿地这么做。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。

10.单选题

TheUnitedStatesFoodandDragAdministrationhasshownitselftobeparticularlywarywithregardtoalleged“miracle”drugsinrecentyears.

问题1选项

A.bellicose

B.exhausted

C.cautious

D.strange

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项bellicose“好战的”；B选项exhausted“精疲力竭的”；C选项cautious“谨慎的”；D选项strange“奇怪的”。句意：近年来，美国食品药品监督管理局对所谓的神药的态度开始特别谨慎。根据语境，C选项cautious“谨慎的”比较符合对miracledrugs“神药”的态度，和wary“谨慎的”同义，符合题意。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Iwantsomething（

）placedinthiswindowsothatnoonewillbeabletowatchme.

问题1选项

A.crotchety

B.opaque

C.inductive

D.incongruous

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。crotchety“有怪想的”；opaque“不透明的”；inductive“感应的；诱导的”；incongruous“不协调的，不一致的”。句意：我想放一些不透明的东西到窗户上，这样就没人能看见我了。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

His（

）wordsreachedtheeffecthewantedandpeoplegavemoneytohelphim.

问题1选项

A.elegant

B.eloquent

C.evil

D.excessive

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项elegant“优雅的”；B选项eloquent“有口才的，有说服力的”；C选项evil“邪恶的”；D选项excessive“极度的，过分的”。句意：他的能言善辩达到了他想要的效果，人们纷纷捐钱来帮助他。选项B符合语境。

13.写作题

Writeanessayonthegiventopic.OnUnrestrainedConsumption.Basedonthefollowingoutline,presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetailsofnolessthan250words.

1.人们在节假日无节制消费

2.大量消费对个人和社会的影响

3.我的看法……

【答案】OnUnrestrainedConsumption

Ourcountryisonthephaseoffastdevelopmentandpeople'sconsuminglevelmountsupalongwithit,too.Althoughpeoplearewealthierthanbefore,therecomesaproblemthatisworthyofourpayingattentionto,namely.theproblemofunrestrainedconsumption.Itiscommontoseethatwhatpeoplepurchasedoesnotsimplymeettheirnecessaryneeds,butsurpassthem.Especiallywhenitcomestovacations,thephenomenonofunrestrainedconsumptioncanbeseenanywhere.Forexample,intherestaurantstherearealotofuntastedremainsofmealswhenpeopleleave.Inevitablybothindividualandsocietywillbeinfluencedgreatlybytheproblemofunrestrainedconsumption.

PersonalUnrestrainedconsumptionwillnotonlyaffectthequalityofhisownlifebutaffecthisfamilyaswell.Manyladiesareaccustomedtocomparingtheirdresseswithotherssotheybuyallkindsoffashionableandexpensivedressesbeyondtheirneeds,whichdirectlyindoctrinatetheirchildrenwithwrongconsumptionconcept.Asaresult,theirchildrenarelikelytoputthefashioninthefirstplace,regardlessofwhethertheycanaffordthoseexpensivethings.Besides,wecan'timaginewhereoursocietyisgoingtoifeveryone'saimistocontenttheirendlesslust.Inordertocatchupwiththerichwhoisinpossessionofvillasacrossthecountryenjoyingluxuriouslife,somepeopletryallmeanstomakemoneyandevenmakeuseofillegalmeans,whichsurelybringsinsecurefactorstooursociety.

AsfarasI'mconcerned,peopleshouldcontroltheirpurchasingdesireandconsumewisely.Howmuchtobuyreliesonourrealneedsandourincome.Ifeverybodycanthinkaboutthisproblemlikethis,oursocietywilldeveloppeacefullyandsteadily.

14.填空题

NowwhenIhadmasteredthelanguageofthiswater,andhadcometoknoweverytriflingfeaturesthatborderedthegreatriverasfamiliarlyasIknewthelettersofthealphabet,Ihadmadeavaluableacquisition.ButIhadlostsomethingtoo.Ihadlostsomethingwhichcouldneverbe（1）tomewhileIlived.Allthegrace,thebeauty,thepoetryhadgoneoutofthemajesticriver!Istillkeepin（2）acertainwonderfulsunsetwhichIwitnessedwhensteam-boatingwasnewtome.Abroadexpanseoftheriverwasturnedtoblood;inthemiddledistancetheredhuebrightenedintogold,（3）whichasolitarylogcamefloatingblackandconspicuous,inoneplacealong,slantingmarklaysparkinguponthewater;in（4）thesurfacewasbrokenbyboiling,tumblingrings,thatwereasmany-tintedasanopal;（5）theruddyflushwasfaintest,wasasmoothspotthatwascoveredwithgracefulcirclesandradiatinglines,eversodelicatelytraced;theshore（6）ourleftwasdenselywoodedandthesombershadowthat（7）fromthisforestwasbrokeninoneplacebyalong,ruffledtrailthatshonelikesilver;andhigh（8）theforestwallaclean-stemmeddeadtreewavedasingleleafyboughthatglowedlikeaflameintheunobstructedsplendorthatwasflowingfromthesun.Thereweregracefulcurves,reflectedimages,softdistances;andoverthewholescene,（9）andnear,thedissolvinglightsdriftedsteadilyenriching（10）everypassingmomentwithnewmarvelsofcoloring.

【答案】1.restored

2.mind

3.through

4.another

5.where

6.on

7.fell

8.above

9.far

10.it

【解析】1.考查上下文理解。句意：我失去了一些在有生之年永远不会再得到的东西。所以空格处应该填写restored。

2.考查前后逻辑和固定搭配。根据句意可知是作者仍然记得落日的美，keepinmind“记住”。

3.考查定语从句，形式为介词+which，根据前后文，空格处应该填through。

4.考查前后逻辑。空格处所在的前一句出现了inoneplace，可知空格处应该是提到另一个地方，所以填another。

5.考查主语从句。空格处需要填写一个词来引导主语从句，where符合题意。

6.考查介词的用法。空格处所在的句子说的是“我们左边的河岸”。onourleft“在我们左边”。

7.考查动词的用法。空格处所在的句子说的是“树林里投下来的影子”。fall“落下，掉下”符合题意。此处采用的是过去时态，所以填fell。

8.考查介词的用法。空格处所在的句子说的是“在高高的林墙上面”。above”在……上方”。

9.考查固定搭配。farandnear“到处”。

10.考查代词的用法。空格处所在的句子说的是“落日的余晖正在慢慢消逝，向大地展现神奇的光芒。”此处填it。

15.问答题

Inspirittheirworkwasclosertothehumorofthefast-developingcomicstripandgagcartoon

A

B

thantothestringofpoliticalsatire.Theirsubjectsweremoreoftenamusingthanoffendedby

C

D

amiableattacks.

【答案】试题答案：D;amused

【解析】考查形容词辨析。amusing一般形容物；amused一般形容人。theirsubjects意为“他们的绘画对象”，表示人。

16.单选题

Beforethe()ofhospitals,thefamilyorcommunalsauna(桑拿)wasfavoredbyFinishedwomenforgivingbirth.Today,saunasarefoundinhealthclubsandgymnasiumsaroundtheworld.

问题1选项

A.advent

B.adventure

C.advert

D.advance

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在医院出现之前，产房妇女青睐于家庭或公共桑拿。今天，桑拿在世界各地的健身俱乐部和健身房随处可见。advent到来，出现；adventure冒险；advert谈到；advance发展，前进。选项A符合句意。

17.单选题

Theseatsinthesecondplane（

）.

问题1选项

A.hadbeenalmostallfilled

B.hadallbeenalmostfilled

C.hadalmostallbeenfilled

D.hadalmostbeenfilledall

【答案】A

【解析】考察固定搭配。题干句意为：第二架飞机的座位_______。almostall几乎全部。almostall为固定搭配。因此排除B、D，该句是过去完成时，almostall修饰动词时，通常应放在行为动词之前（filled），故选A项。

18.单选题

Moderntechnologyhasputmenonthemoonanddecipheredthehumangenome.Butwhenitcomestobrewingupflutomakevaccines,sciencestillturnstotheincredibleedibleegg.Eversincethe1940s,vaccinemakershavegrownlargebatchesofvirusinsidechickeneggs.Butgiventhatsome36,000Americansdieofflueachyear,it’sremarkablethatourfirstlineofdefenseisstillwhatSecretaryofHealthandHumanServicesTommyThompsoncalls"thecumbersomeandarchaicegg-basedproduction."Newcell-basedtechnologiesareinthepipeline,however,andmayfinallygetthesupporttheyneednowthattheUnitedStatesisfacedwithacriticalshortageoffluvaccine.Althoughexpertsdisagreeonwhethernewwaysofproducingvaccinecouldhavepreventedashortageliketheonehappeningtoday,thereisnodoubtthattheexistingsystemhasseriousflaws.

Eachyear,vaccinemanufacturersplaceadvanceordersformillionsofspeciallygrownchickeneggs.Meanwhile,public-healthofficialsmonitorcirculatingstrainsofflu,andeachMarchtheyrecommendthreestrains—twoinfluenzaAstrainsandoneBstrain—formanufacturerstoincludeinvaccines.Inthelatespringandsummer,automatedmachinesinjectvirusintoeggsandlatersuckouttheinfluenza-richgoop.Virusfromtheeggs’innardsgetskilledandprocessedtoremoveeggproteinsandothercontaminantsbeforebeingpackagedintovialsforfallshipment.

Whyhasthiseggmethodpersistedforsixdecades?Themainreasonisthatit’sreliable.Buteventhoughtheeggsarereliable,theyhaveseriousdrawbacks.Oneisthelongleadtimeneededtoordertheeggs.Thatmeansit’shardtomakemorevaccineinahurry,incaseofashortageorunexpectedoutbreak.Andeggsmaysimplybetoocumbersometokeepupwiththehundredsofmillionsofdosesrequiredtohandlethedemandforfluvaccine.

What’smore,someflustrainsdon’tgrowwellineggs.Lastyear,scientistswereunabletoincludetheFujianstraininthevaccineformulation.Itwasarelativelynewstrain,andmanufacturerssimplycouldn’tfindaquickwaytoadaptitsothatitgrewwellineggs.“Weknewthestrainwasoutthere,”recallsTheodoreEickhoffoftheUniversityofColoradoHealthSciencesCenter,“butpublic-healthofficialswereleftwithoutavaccineand,consequently,amoreseverefluseason.”

Worse,thevirusesthatposethegreatestthreatmightbehardesttogrowineggs.That’sbecauseglobalpandemicsliketheonethatkilledover50millionpeoplebetween1918and1920arethoughttooccurwhenabirdinfluenzachangesinawaythatletsitcrossthespeciesbarrierandinfecthumans.Sincehumanshaven’tencounteredthenewvirusbefore,theyhavelittleprotectiveimmunity.ThedeadlybirdflucirculatinginAsiain1997and1998,forexample,worriedpublic-healthofficialsbecauseitspreadtosomepeoplewhohandledbirdsandkilledthem—althoughthebugnevercirculatedamonghumans.Butwhenscientiststriedtomakevaccinetheold-fashionedway,thebirdfluquicklykilledtheeggs.

1.Themoon-landingismentionedinthefirstparagraphtoillustrate（）.

2.Whatstepisessentialtothetraditionalproductionoffluvaccine?

3.Theforemostreasonwhytheegg-basedmethodisdefectiveliesin（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Intheauthor’sview,thenewvaccineproductionmethodseemstobe（）.

问题1选项

A.technologycannotsolveallofourhumanproblems

B.progressinvaccineresearchforinfluenzahaslaggedbehind

C.greatachievementshavebeenmadebymeninexploringtheunknown

D.thedevelopmentofvaccineproductionmethodscannotbestopped

问题2选项

A.Manufacturersimplantthevaccineintoorderedchickeneggs.

B.Scientistsidentifytheexactstrainsoonafteraflupandemicstarts.

C.Publichealthmeasuresaretakenasanimportantpandemic-fightingtool.

D.Virusesaredeadenedandmadecleanbeforebeingputintovaccineuse.

问题3选项

A.thecomplexprocessofvaccineproduction

B.itspotentialthreattohumanbeing

C.thelowsurvivalratefornewfluvaccines

D.itscontributiontothefluvaccineshortage

问题4选项

A.Fluvaccinesnowmainlyuseegg-basedtechnology.

B.Abirdinfluenzahasoncecirculatedamonghumans.

C.Safetycanbegreatlyimprovedwithcell-culturevaccines.

D.Modernvaccineproductionmethodsaretoreplaceegg-basedmethods.

问题5选项

A.remarkable

B.criticized

C.efficient

D.accepted