考研考博-英语-天津商业大学宝德学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津商业大学宝德学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

（）isquitenatural,abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly.

问题1选项

A.Which

B.As

C.What

D.It

【答案】B

【解析】句意:初学者不能很快地阅读英文原版书是很正常的。

语法题。考查非限制性定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句的时候，表示“正如那样”的含义。as指代的是后面的句子“abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly’’，而此处不用which,是因为定语从句中的which不能放在句首。

2.单选题

Thehelicopterisanincrediblyversatilemachine.Itcanfly,straightupordown,hoverlikeafly,andgoforwards,backwards,orsideways.Itthereforeneedsnolong,preparedrunwaylikeanormalairplanedoes.Itcanoperatefromaflatroofinthecityorfromaclearinginthejunglewithequalease.However,helicoptersarenowherenearasfastasnormalfixed-wingairplanesandhaveatopspeedofonlyabout200milesanhour.

Thehelicopterhasoftenbeencalledthe'flyingwindmill'becauseofthelong,rotatingblades,orrotor,ontopofitsbody.Thismainrotorservesasbothpropellerandwingstoprovidethethrusttodrivethehelicopteralongandthelifttoraiseitofftheground.Therotorbladeshavethesameaero-foilshapesasairplanewingsandpropellerstogeneratetherequiredliftandthrust.

Whenthemainrotorrotates,thebodyofthehelicopterlendstospinbyreactionintheoppositedirection.Tocounteractthiseffect,asmallrotorismountedsidewaysonthetail.Thethrustproducedbythistailrotorinnormalflightjustbalancestheturningtendencyofthehelicopterbodywhichthereforeremainssteady.Boththemainandthetailrotorsaredrivenbythehelicopterenginethroughthesamegearbox.Anotherwayofmaintainingstabilityintheairistohavetwinmainrotorswhicheachrotateinoppositedirections.Then,the"spinning"tendencyofonecancelsthatoftheother.

Movementofthehelicopterinadirection-forwards,backwards,sideways,upordown-isachievedsimplybyvaryingthepitchoftherotorblades.Thepitchistheangleatwhichthebladesslicethroughor'bite'theair.Toflystraightupwardsallthebladesaresetatthesamesharppitch.Inthispositiontheyachievemaximumlift.Todescend,thepitchofthebladesisreducedsothattheliftisinsufficienttosupportthehelicopter'sweight.

Thepilotadjuststhepitchforupordownmovementbymovingthecollective-pitchstick.Thisisalsolinkedtotheenginethrottlessothatmorepowerisappliedasthepitchincreases.Thisistoovercomethegreaterairresistancewiththesharperpitch.Conversely,theengineisthrottledbackwhenthepitchisreducedfordescentbecausethereislessairresistance.

Toflyforwards,thepitchoftherotorbladesisvariedastheyrotate.Forforwardmotion,thepitchismadeleastatthefrontandgraduallyincreasedastheblademovesbackwards.Thishastheeffectofsweepingtheairbackwards,andthereforepushingthehelicopterforwards.Thesamegoesforanyhorizontalmovement——thepitchismadeleastinthedesireddirectionoftravel.Thecyclic-pitchstickcontrolsthepitchoftherotorforhorizontalflight.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthat（）.

2.What'sthebasicfunctionofthemainrotorofahelicopter?

3.Themovementofthehelicopterinanydirectioniscontrolledby（）.

4.Toflyforwards,ahelicopterhasto（）.

5.Theword"descend"inline4ofparagraph4canbebestreplacedby（）.

6.Thephrase"Thisposition"inline4ofparagraph4refersto（）.

7.Whatisthemostappropriatetitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.nothingisperfect

B.generallyspeaking,helicoptersarebetterthanotherairplanes

C.fixed-wingairplaneshaveatopspeedofabout200milesperhour

D.helicoptersarenotatallversatile

问题2选项

A.Tocounteractthespinningofahelicopter.

B.Tomaintainstabilityintheair.

C.Torotateinoppositedirection.

D.Toproducetheforcetodriveitalongandthelifttoraiseitofftheground.

问题3选项

A.asmallrotor

B.itstail

C.varyingthepitchoftherotorblades

D.counteractingmaximumlift

问题4选项

A.supportthehelicopter'sweight

B.sweeptheairbackwardsandpushthehelicopterforwards

C.belinkedtotheenginethrottle

D.slicethroughtheair

问题5选项

A.settle

B.come

C.godown

D.decrease

问题6选项

A."Toflystraightupwards"

B."thesamesharppitch"

C."Thepitch"

D.''achievemaximumlift”

问题7选项

A.TheHelicopter

B.ThePitch

C.RotatingBlades

D.TheflyingHelicopter

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知,本段讲述了直升机的优点和缺点,也就是说没有什么是完美的。选项A最能概括本段。

2.根据第二段第二句“Thismainrotorservesasbothpropellerandwingstoprovidethethrusttodrivethehelicopteralongandthelifttoraiseitofftheground.”这个主旋翼既充当螺旋桨又充当机翼,提供推动直升机前进的推力,也提供使直升机离开地面的升力。选项D与原文描述一致。

3.根据第四段的第一句“Movementofthehelicopterinadirection—forwards,backwards,sideways,upordown—isachievedsimplybyvaryingthepitchoftherotorblades.”选项C符合原文。

4.根据最后一段第三句“Thishastheeffectofsweepingtheairbackwards,andthereforepushingthehelicopterforwards.”为了向前飞行,直升机需要向后扫空气。选项B正确。

5.根据原文句意：叶片的节距减小,使升力不足以支撑直升机的重量,这样直升机就会下降,所以“descend”指的是下降,选项C正确。

6.根据原文句意：为了垂直向上飞行,所有的叶片都设置在相同的间距。在这个位置,他们达到最大的升力。由此可知,“thisposition”指的是上一句提及的相同的间距,选项B正确。

7.结合全文内容可知,本文主要是讲的直升机是如何运作的,选项A最能概括全文。原文并没有说是飞行中的飞机,所以选项D不正确。

3.单选题

Tosurviveintheintensemarketcompetition,wemust（

）thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.

问题1选项

A.improve

B.gear

C.guarantee

D.enhance

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项improve“提高，改善”；B选项gear“适合；配合”；C选项guarantee“保证，担保”；D选项enhance“加强，提高”。gearto有“使……适合，配合”的意思。根据句子空格前后分析，这里需要填入一个动词，根据题干前面的句意是“tosurviveintheintensemarketcompetition要在激烈的市场竞争中求生存”，结合后面的关键词“qualitiesandvarietiesofproducts商品的质量和数量”，可知B选项“适合，配合”符合语境，句意：为了在激烈的市场竞争中生存下来，我们必须调整产品的质量及品种以适应国际市场的需求。选项B正确。

4.单选题

Thecountry’sdeficitthatyear（）toarecord169.8billiondollars.

问题1选项

A.soared

B.soured

C.sored

D.sourced

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项soared“飙升，骤然上升”；B选项soured“发酵，厌烦”；C选项sored“弄伤”；D选项sourced“发动，寻找来源”。句意：该国当年的赤字_____创纪录的1698亿美元。这里表达的是“当年的赤字飙升至……”，因此A选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Youhavethe（）ofworkinghardandbeingsuccessfulorofnotworkinghardandbeingunsuccessful.

问题1选项

A.selection

B.choice

C.alternative

D.option

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项selection“选择，挑选”，强调挑选的过程；B选项choice“选择权，精选品”，强调选择的行为或可能性；C选项alternative“共替代的选择”，强调二选一，后面一般接介词to；D选项option“选项，选择权”，强调的是摆在我们面前可供选择的不同事物或办法。根据句意：你可以选择努力工作获得成功，或者不努力工作而不成功。这里是指摆在我们面前可供选择的不同事物或办法，所以选项D正确。

6.单选题

Imustgonow.（）,ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnexttime.

问题1选项

A.Incidentally

B.Accidentally

C.Occasionally

D.Subsequently

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项incidentally“顺便说一句；偶然地；附带地”；B选项accidentally“意外地；偶然地”；C选项occasionally“偶尔；间或”；D选项subsequently“随后，其后；后来”。句意：我现在必须离开了。顺便说一句，如果你想要那本书，那么我下次将把它带来。根据句中“Imustgonow我现在必须离开了”可知“顺便说一句”符合语境，因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

Youwillhardlybelieveit,butthisisthethirdtimetonightsomeone（）me.

问题1选项

A.telephoned

B.hastelephoned

C.telephones

D.shouldtelephone

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句式结构。Thisisthefirst（序数词）timethat…表示“第一次做某事”，后面的从句一定要用“现在完成时”，现在完成时的构成have/hasdone。句意：你可能不会相信，这已经是今晚第三次有人给我打电话了。hastelephoned使用了现在完成时，故选B。

8.翻译题

孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派(Confucianism)的创始人，被尊称为古代的“圣人”(sage)。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》(TheAnalects)一书中。

《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。

在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。

【答案】【参考译文】ConfuciusisafamousthinkerandeducatorinChinesehistory.HeisthefounderofConfucianismandisrespectfullyreferredtoasanancient“sage”.HiswordsandlifeactivitiesarerecordedinTheAnalects.

TheAnalectsofConfuciusisaclassicworkofancientChineseculture,whichhasexertedagreatinfluenceonthethinkers,writersandstatesmenofsuccessivedynasties.WithoutstudyingtheAnalectsofConfucius,onecannottrulygraspthetraditionalChinesecultureofthousandsofyears.ManyofConfucius’thoughts,especiallyhiseducationalthoughts,havehadaprofoundimpactonChinesesociety.

Inthe21stcentury,theteachingsofConfuciusarenotonlyvaluedbytheChinesepeople,butalsoincreasinglybythewholeinternationalcommunity.

9.单选题

AnewmilitarypolicyinChinarequiresallpersonneltomeetweightlimitsand（）promotions（）fitness.

问题1选项

A.exposes...to

B.attaches...to

C.links...to

D.opposes...to

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项exposes...to表示“暴露给……”，B选项attaches...to表示“依附于，隶属于”，C选项links...to表示“把……和……联系到一起”，D选项opposes...to表示“反对”。由原文句意可知，中国军队一项新政策要求所有人员要满足体重限制，说明这项政策非常关注军队人员健康，由此可见会把晋升和健康联系在一起。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。

10.单选题

Romanliteratureneverceasedto（）influenceintheMiddleAges,andthisinfluencebecamemuchgreaterinthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturieswhenmoreRomanworksbecameknown.

问题1选项

A.exert

B.practice

C.resist

D.stage

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。exert“运用，发挥，施以影响”；practice“练习”；resist“拒绝”；stage“举行，上演”。句意：罗马文学在中世纪的影响从未停止，这种影响在14和15世纪，当更多的罗马作品被了解后，这种影响变得更大。选项A符合题意。

11.翻译题

3.正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于琐事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望。只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。

【答案】【参考译文】

3.Weliveinanascendingscalewhenwelivehappily,onethingleadingtoanotherinanendlessseries.Thereisalwaysanewhorizonforonward-lookingmen,andalthoughwedwellonasmallplanet,immersedinpettybusinessandnotenduringbeyondabriefperiodofyears,wearesoconstitutedthatourhopesareinaccessible,likestars,andthetermofhopingisprolongeduntilthetermoflife.

12.单选题

Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatablethattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy'slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmerican-four-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother'sbackinfantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencode（编码）ordecode（解码）meaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthattheproperplacetofocusone'sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone'sconversationpartner."

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingat,thespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlookingthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（

）.

2.AccordingtothepassagetheJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner'sneckbecause

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto

（

）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（

）.

问题1选项

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering

问题2选项

A.theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker

B.theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact

C.theydon'tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D.theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood

问题3选项

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactsofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

问题4选项

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由第一段第四句“arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.一张真正的人脸如果遮住了眼睛不会让小宝宝发笑，或者侧面的脸，只能看到一只眼睛时，小宝宝也不会发笑。”故C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段“InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sbackinfantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencode（编码）ordecode（解码）meaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthattheproperplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner.在日本，婴儿被背在母亲的背上，他们对眼神交流的依恋不像其他文化中那么强烈。结果就是，日本成年人很少用面部表情来理解或解释含义。事实上，Argyle揭示了在日本谈话时，一个人的目光应该集中在谈话对象的脖子上。”可知日本人说话时喜欢把目光聚焦在另一个人的脖子上是由于小时候没有太多机会通过眼神来交流。故答案D

第3题:细节事实题。由第二段“iftheyarenotlookingthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.如果他们没有看着说话人，说话人就会认为他们是不感兴趣的，要么就会停下来直到重新开始眼神交流，要么就会终止谈话。”可知答案C

第4题:细节理解题。由文章末尾“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.两个说话的人都戴着墨镜时，这种眼神交流对维持对话的重要性就变得显而易见了：可能会出现由打断、错误的开始和不可预知的停顿引起的话语堵塞。”可知戴墨镜对话会造成中断，错误的开始和不可预计的停顿。故为了保持通畅的对话，最好不要戴墨镜说话。答案A

13.单选题

Being（）yourjobisfine,ofcourse,butyoushouldn'tletworkeatupallyourleisuretime.

问题1选项

A.trappedin

B.committedto

C.convincedof

D.confrontedwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项betrappedin表示“被困在；陷入困境”；B选项becommittedto表示“致力于；委身于”；C选项beconvincedof表示“确信；认识到”；D选项beconfrontedwith表示“面临，面对”。根据youshouldn'tletworkeatupallyourleisuretime可知，虽然致力于工作是好的，但你不应该让工作占据所有的休闲时间。因此，B选项最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B。

14.单选题

Thegeneralpublicdidn'tcareaboutthetrialandsowas（

）abouttheverdict.

问题1选项

A.enraged

B.apathetic

C.suspicious

D.saddened

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。enraged“激怒，暴怒”；apathetic“冷淡的，无兴趣的”；suspicious“可疑的，猜疑的”；sadden“悲哀的，可悲的”；根据句意‘公众不关心审判，也对判决结果（

）。’确定B选项正确。

15.单选题

Themostdangerousenemyisonewhosmilesatyoubut（）hatredintheheart.

问题1选项

A.cherishes

B.flourishes

C.nourishes

D.furnishes

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项cherishes“珍爱；怀有……感情”；B选项flourishes“繁荣；夸耀”；C选项nourishes“滋润；抚养”；D选项furnishes“提供；供应”。hatred“憎恨；敌意”，句意：最危险的敌人，就是对着你微笑，心里却……仇恨。最危险的敌人，是对你笑脸相迎却怀恨在心的人。故选A。

16.单选题

Amysteriousblackcloudapproachestheearth—ourplanet’sweatherisseverelyaffected.

ThroughouttherestofJuneandJulytemperaturesrosesteadilyallovertheEarth.IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.Peoplecomplained,buttherewasnoseriousdisaster.

ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.Occasionallyair-conditioningunitsfailedanditwasthenthatfatalitiesoccurred.

Conditionswereutterlydesperatethroughoutthetropicsasmaybejudgedfromthefactthat7943speciesofplantsandanimalsbecametotallyextinct.ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.Nothingcouldbedonetoreducethehotairtemperature.Morethansevenhundredmillionpersonsareknowntohavelosttheirlives.

Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose,notsofastastheairtemperature,butfastenoughtoproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.Itwasindeedthisincreasethatproducedthedisastrousconditionsjustremarked.MillionsofpeoplebetweenthelatitudesofCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherethatgrewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday.Allhumanmovementceased.Therewasnothingtobedonebuttoliebreathingquicklyasadogdoesinhotweather.

BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicslaybalancedbetweenlifeandtotaldeath.Thenquitesuddenlyraincloudsappearedoverthewholeglobe.Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle,duenodoubttothecloudsreflectingmoreoftheSun’sradiationbackintospace.Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved.Warmrainfelleverywhere,evenasfarnorthasIceland.Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmospherewasasfavorabletothemasitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.

1.IntheBritishIslesthetemperature____________.

2.FewpeopleintheUnitedStateslosttheirlivesbecause____________.

3.MillionsofpeopleinCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherebecause____________.

4.BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicsweresuchthat____________.

5.Theinsectpopulationincreaseddueto____________.

问题1选项

A.stayedateighty

B.rangedfromeightytoninety

C.approachedonehundred

D.exceededthehundredmark

问题2选项

A.thetemperaturewastolerable

B.peopleremainedindoorsforweeks

C.thegovernmenthadtakeneffectivemeasurestoreducethehottemperature

D.peoplewereprovidedwiththemostcomfortableair-conditioners

问题3选项

A.thetemperaturegrewextremelyhot

B.thetemperaturebecamedamperandhotterasthehumidityofthesurfacewatersoftheseaincreased

C.theirconditionsweretoodangerous

D.nothingcouldbedonewiththehottemperature

问题4选项

A.humansurvivalwouldbeimpossible

B.moreandmorepeoplewouldlosetheirlives

C.fewerpeoplecouldbesaved

D.survivalordeathwasstillundecided

问题5选项

A.thehotair

B.thetropicalclimate

C.therainclouds

D.thedampatmosphere

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.（在不列颠群岛，温度从80度上升到90度，并接近100度。），可知不列颠群岛的温度快接近100度，故C选项“接近100”正确。A选项“保持在80度”，B选项“从80上升到90度”和D选项“超过100度”错误。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.（美国的死亡人数仍然很少，这在很大程度上要归功于前几年和前几个月安装的空调设备。），可知，在美国很少人因为高温而丧生得益于空调，故D选项“人们装有最舒适的空调”正确。A选项“温度还可以忍受”和B选项“人们在室内待了几个星期”：根据第三段第二句Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.（全国各地气温上升到人类承受能力的极限，人们被迫连续数周待在室内。），可知这气温已超出承受范围，故A选项错误，并且因为气温太高人们不得不待在室内，这是高温带来的影响而非只有少数人死亡的原因，故B选项错误。C选项“政府已经采取了有效的措施来降低高温”：文章没有提到政府做了什么，故错误。因此D选项正确。

3.实细节题。根据第五段第一句Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose…toproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.（最终，海水表层的温度上升了……致命的湿度增加。）和第三句grewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday（天气一天比一天潮湿和炎热），可知是海水温度和湿度增加影响的开罗和好望角地区，故B选项“随着海洋表层海水湿度的增加，温度变得更潮湿、更热”正确，A选项“温度变得非常热”中仅仅因为温度变化不至于造成这样的结果。C选项“他们的条件太危险了”：这是对这情况的描述而非原因，故错误。D选项“他们对高温无计可施”：根据第四段第二句ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.（人类之所以能活下来，完全是因为挖到了洞穴和地窖。），可知人类运用了一些对策面对高温，故错误。因此B选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第六段BythefourthweekofJuly…Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle…Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved…asitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.（到了七月的第四个星期……温度降低了一点……但不能说情况有所改善……就像对人类和许多其他动物不利一样），可知对人类来说，气温的威胁降低了，可是其他的危险同时出现，人类安全与否仍然未知，故D选项“生死仍未定”正确。A选项“人类将不可能存活”，B选项“越来越多的人将失去生命”和C选项“更少的人可以被拯救”与句意不符，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.事实细节题。根据第六段最后一句Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmosphere（昆虫的数量急剧增加，因为灼热的大气对它们有利），可知昆虫因为灼热的大气而增加，故A选项“灼热的大气”正确。B选项“热带气候”C选项“云雨天气”和D选项“潮湿的空气”：文章没有说这些因素和昆虫数量增多的关系，故错误。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas（）inashortperiodoftime.

问题1选项

A.beingcreated

B.tohavebeencreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.tobecreated

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们的现代文明不应该被认为是在短时间内创造出来的。根据civilization被create确定用被动语态，根据create的动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且将持续下去确定用现在完成时，C选项havingbeencreated符合题意。因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

问题1选项

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。soared“飘升”；mutated“变化；突变”；plummeted“骤降”；fluctuated“波动”，根据lowestlevel“最低水平”可知此处应该填plummeted。句意：根据最近的报告，消费者信任度上个月惊人的……15个点，达到九年中最低值。故正确答案为选项C。

19.翻译题

Likemanyofmygeneration,Ihaveaweaknessforheroworship.Atsomepoint,however,weallbegintoquestionourheroesandourneedforthem.Thisleadsustoask:Whatisahero?

Despiteimmensedifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristicsthatinstructandinspirepeople.

Aherodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasastoryofadventuretotellandacommunitywhowilllisten.Butaherogoesbeyondmerefame.

Heroesservepowersorprincipleslargerthanthemselves.Likehigh-voltagetransformersheroestaketheenergyofhigherpowersandstepitdownsothatitcanbeusedbyordinarypeople.

Theherolivesalifeworthyofimitation.Thosewhoimitateagenuineheroexperiencelifewithnewdepth,enthusiasm,andmeaning.Asuretestforwould-beheroesiswhatorwhomtheyserve?Whataretheywillingtoliveanddiefor?Iftheanswerorevidencesuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfame,theymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarefamous,butwhowouldclaimthattheirfansfindlifemoreabundant?

【答案】【参考译文】

就像大多数我的同龄人一样，我也有英雄崇拜的弱点。然而，在某些时候，我们都开始质疑我们的英雄，以及我们究竟是否需要他们。这让我们不禁发问：什么是英雄？

尽管文化差异巨大，但世界各地的英雄通常都有一些共同的特点，那就是他们可以指导和激励人们。

英雄总会做一些值得谈论的事。英雄有要讲出来的冒险故事，有愿意倾听的团体。但英雄不仅仅是一个名号。

英雄服务于比自己更强大的力量或原则。就像高压变压器一样，英雄将更高的能量向下拉，于是普通人就可以使用。

英雄的生活值得模仿。那些模仿真正英雄的人会以新的深度、热情和意义体验生活。对于想要成为英雄的人，需要问为什么或为谁服务？愿意为什么而生，为什么而死？如果答案或证据表明他们只为自己的名声服务，他们可能是名人，但不是英雄。麦当娜和迈克尔•杰克逊都很有名，但谁会说他们的粉丝因此而发现自己的生活更加丰盛呢？

20.单选题

Iadmirehercourage,compassionand（

）tothecauseofhumanity,justiceandpeace.

问题1选项

A.devotion

B.determination

C.opposition

D.realism

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。devotion奉献，忠诚，热爱；determination决心，果断；opposition反对；realism现实主义。句意：我钦佩她为了人道，正义与和平所表现出来的勇气、同情心和奉献精神。选项A符合句意。

21.单选题

ThegeneticcharacteristicsofalllifeformsonearthareembodiedinthechemicalstructureofDNAmolecules.Anorganism’sDNAmoleculesprovideacompleteblueprintforitsphysicalmakeup.GeneticengineeringistheprocessofalteringtheDNAgeneticcodetochangethecharacter