考研考博-英语-昆明医科大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-昆明医科大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Spacemayseemremote,butit’sreallynotthatfaraway.Ifyoucoulddriveyourcarstraightup,injustafewhoursyou’dreachthealtitudeatwhichthespaceshuttleflies.Thepopularorbitsforsatellitesbegintwiceasfarup—about400milesaboveourheads.TheretelecommunicationsandweathersatellitesorbitatthesameratethatEarthrotates,allowingthemtohoveraboveasinglespotontheEquator.

ItwastheexplosionsofderelictrocketsthatfirstdrewNASA’sattentiontodebris.Inthe1970sDeltarocketsleftinorbitafterdeliveringtheirpayloadsbeganblowingup.Aninvestigationshowedthatthebulkheadsseparatingtheleftoverfuelswereprobablycrackingasaresultoftherocket’spassinginandoutofsunlight.NASAbeganrecommendingthatleftoverfuelsbeburnedattheendofaflight,orthattheybeventedintospace.Sincethenmostpublicandprivatelaunchershavetakensimilarmeasures—suchstepsarerelativelyinexpensivemeansoflimitingdebris.Still,everyfewmonthsonaverageanoldrocketorsatelliteexplodes,flingingacloudofdebrisintospace.

FormanyyearsNASAandtheDepartmentofDefensewereskepticalaboutthedangersofspacedebris.Theproblemseemedabstract,residingmoreincomputermodelsthaninhardexperience.Anditchallengedthecan-domentalityofspaceenthusiasts.Earth’sorbitseemedtoolargeandemptytopollute.Toitscredit,NASAhaslongmaintainedadebris-researchprogram,staffedbytop-notchscientistswhohavepersistedinpointingoutthelong-termhazardsofspacejunkevenwhenthehigher-upsatNASAhaven’twantedtohearaboutit.ThencametheChallengeraccident,in1986.NASAofficialsrealizedthattheiremphasisonhumanspaceflightcouldbackfire.Ifpeoplediedinspace,publicsupportfortheshuttleprogramcouldunravel.

EngineerstookanewlookattheshuttleandtheInternationalSpaceStation.Designedinthe1970s,whendebriswasnotconsideredafactor,theshuttlewasdeterminedtobeclearlyvulnerable.Afteralmosteverymissionwidowsontheshuttlearesobadlypittedbymicroscopicdebristhattheyneedtobereplaced.SoonNASAwasflyingtheshuttleupsidedownandbackward,sothatitsrockets,ratherthanthemoresensitivecrewcompartments,wouldabsorbtheworstimpacts.Andengineerswereaddingshieldingtothespacestation’smostvulnerableareas.

Butaddingshieldingandrepairkitswon’tsolvetherealproblem.Therealproblemisthatwheneversomethingisputintoanorbit,theriskofcollisionforallobjectsinthatorbitgoesup.Therefore,theonlytrulyeffectivemeasureisaprocessknownasdeorbiting.ThelogicbehinddeorbitinghasbeeninescapablesincethebeginningoftheSpaceAge,yetithasjustbeguntopenetratetheconsciousnessofspacecraftdesignersandlaunchers.In1995NASAissuedaguidelinesayingthatsatellitesandtheupperstagesofrocketswithin1,250milesofEarthshouldremaininorbitfornolongerthantwenty-fiveyearsaftertheendoftheirfunctionallives.Buttheguidelineappliesonlytonewspacecraftandcanbewaivedifotherconsiderationsprevail.AsaresultNASAandtheDefenseDepartmentalsocontinuetoleavetheupperstagesofsomeoftheirlaunchvehiclesinorbit,partlybecauseexistingdesignsdonotlendthemselvestodeorbiting.

Furthermore,thecharacteroftheSpaceAgeischanging.TheprivatesectornowputsmorepayloadsintoorbitthandoNASAandtheU.S.andRussianmilitariescombined.AscoreofcommunicationscompaniesintheU.S.andothercountrieshaveannouncedplansthatwillputhundredsofsatellitesintoorbitoverthenextdecade.Noneofthesecompaniesisunderanyobligationtolimitorbitaldebris.Companiesthatarelaunchinglargeconstellationsofsatellitesareworriedaboutcollisionsbetweenthesatellites,andtheyarewellawarethatapublic-relationsdisasterwouldensureifapieceofashatteredsatellitesmackedthestation.Asaresult,someplantodeorbitsatellitesattheendoftheirusefullives.Butothercompaniesareleavingtheirsatellitesuporarecountingonatmosphericdragtobringthemdown.

Governmentregulationscoveringorbitaldebrisarestillrudimentary.Fornow,thefederalagenciesthathaveauthorityovercommerciallaunchesarewaitingtoseeiftheprivatesectorcandealwiththeproblemonitsown.Butdeorbitingrocketsandsatellitesisexpensive.Asatellitecouldkeepoperatingforseveraladditionalmonthsifitdidn’tneedtoreservefuelfordeorbiting.Someindustryrepresentativessaytheywantregulations,butonlyiftheregulationsapplytoeveryoneandcannotbeevaded.Onereasonforournonchalanceisthatnewtechnologieshavegottenusoutofmanypastscrapes—andmaybetheywillwithorbitaldebris,too.In1987theWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopmentdefinedsustainabledevelopmentasmeetingtheneedsofthepresentgenerationwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirneeds.Inspacewearefailingthesustainabilitytestmiserably.Ahundredyearsfromnow,whenourdescendantswanttoputsatellitesintoorbitsteemingwithdebris,theywillwonderwhatwecouldhavebeenthinking.Thesimpleanswerisweweren’tthinkingatall.

31.NASAbegantopayattentiontotheproblemofdebrisbecause_________.

32.Theword“vented”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans____________.

33.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat_________.

34.Inordertosolvetheproblemofdebris,NASAhasadoptedallthefollowingmethods

EXCEPT___________.

35.Allprivatecompanieswilldealwithspacedebriswhen_________.

问题1选项

A.burningofthearticlestherocketscarriedledtoitsexplosion

B.apartoftherocketssnapped,whichresultedinitsexplosion

C.leftoverfuelswereleakedandtherocketsfellontotheearth

D.leftoverfuelswereheated,whichcausedtherockets’explosion

问题2选项

A.ventured

B.launched

C.exploded

D.discharged

问题3选项

A.Americangovernmentshoweddeepconcernfordebrispollution

B.debrispollutiondidn’tarousetoomuchpublicattention

C.therewaslittlechanceoftheearthbeingpollutedbydebris

D.fewscientistsconsidereddebrispollutionharmfultotheearth

问题4选项

A.toapplyanewtechnology

B.toaddsomeprotectivecoveringtotheshuttle

C.tofixtheequipmentoftheshuttle

D.toreplacetheshuttlewitharocket

问题5选项

A.deorbitingrocketsandsatellitesbecomesinexpensive

B.theirsatellitesaretoooldtoservethem

C.operableregulationshavebeenmadebythegovernment

D.thelawordainsthattheymustdoso

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】31.判断推理题。题干“美国国家航空航天局（NASA）是因为什么开始关注碎片的问题”，可定位到文章第2段ItwastheexplosionsofderelictrocketsthatfirstdrewNASA’sattentiontodebris.（正是废弃火箭的爆炸引起了NASA对碎片的注意。）由此可知，是因为火箭的爆炸引起了NASA的注意，排除C选项“剩余燃料泄漏，火箭落到地球上”；那么是什么原因导致了爆炸呢？继续看后文。第2段第2句Deltarocketsleftinorbitafterdeliveringtheirpayloadsbeganblowingup.（留在轨道上的德尔塔号火箭在运送完负载后开始爆炸。）由此可知，并非火箭所运载的物品燃烧导致了爆炸，因为爆炸发生在火箭运载物运送完之后，排除A选项“火箭所携带物品的燃烧导致了爆炸”；第2段第3句Aninvestigationshowedthatthebulkheadsseparatingtheleftoverfuelswereprobablycrackingasaresultoftherocket’spassinginandoutofsunlight.（一项调查显示，隔离剩余燃料的舱壁破裂可能是因为火箭在阳光照射下进出。）由此可知，阳光照射导致燃料舱舱壁破裂，排除B选项“火箭的一部分断裂，导致了爆炸”，因为火箭并没有断裂；再根据后一句NASA的建议leftoverfuelsbeburnedattheendofaflight（剩余燃料在飞行结束时燃烧掉）推断，火箭爆炸与剩余燃料有关。总的来说，阳光照射导致燃料舱舱壁破裂，舱壁破裂导致剩余燃料被阳光照射，剩余燃料被阳光照射之后导致火箭爆炸，D选项“剩余燃料被加热导致了火箭爆炸”符合题意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

32.词义推测题。根据关键词“vented”定位到原文第2段第4句NASAbeganrecommendingthatleftoverfuelsbeburnedattheendofaflight,orthattheybeventedintospace.（NASA开始建议剩余燃料在飞行结束时燃烧掉，或者____到太空中。）A选项venture“冒险”；B选项launch“发射（导弹、火箭等）”；C选项explode“爆炸；激增”；D选项discharge“排出；放出；流出”，原文中“vented”的主语是剩余燃料，把四个选项带入原句，只有D选项符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

33.判断推理题。根据题干“从第3段中可推测出____”定位到第3段。A选项“美国政府对碎片污染问题表示了深切关注”，定位到第3段第1句FormanyyearsNASAandtheDepartmentofDefensewereskepticalaboutthedangersofspacedebris.（多年来，美国宇航局和国防部一直对太空碎片的危险性持怀疑态度。）由此可知，美国政府对碎片污染的态度是怀疑的，而不是深切关注，排除A选项；B选项“碎片污染并没有引起公众太多的关注”，定位到第3段最后一句Ifpeoplediedinspace,publicsupportfortheshuttleprogramcouldunravel.（如果有人在太空中死亡，公众对航天飞机项目的支持可能会瓦解。）由此可知，目前公众对航天飞机项目还是支持的，而太空碎片污染问题已经存在，即现在碎片污染问题的存在并没有影响公众对航天工作的支持，公众关心的是有没有人在太空中死亡，B选项的表述与原文相符；C选项“地球被碎片污染的可能性很小”定位到第3段第3句Earth’sorbitseemedtoolargeandemptytopollute.（地球的轨道似乎太大太空旷，无法污染。）首先原文使用了seem“似乎”说明所述观点并不一定正确，其次，原文讲的是地球的轨道而非地球本身，所以排除C选项；D选项“几乎没有科学家认为碎片污染对地球有害”定位到第3段第5句Toitscredit,…whenthehigher-upsatNASAhaven’twantedtohearaboutit.（值得称赞的是，NASA长期以来一直维持着一个碎片研究项目，由顶尖的科学家组成，他们坚持指出太空垃圾的长期危害，即使NASA的高层不想听到这些。）由此可知，顶尖科学家们认为碎片污染是有害的，只是NASA高层不愿意相信，选项中few使用不正确，排除D选项。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

34.事实细节题。题干“为了解决碎片的问题，除了____，NASA采用了以下所有方法”。A选项“应用新技术”可定位到最后一段Onereasonforournonchalanceisthatnewtechnologieshavegottenusoutofmanypastscrapes—andmaybetheywillwithorbitaldebris,too.（我们无动于衷的一个原因是新技术已经让我们摆脱了许多过去的困境——也许也会让我们摆脱轨道碎片的困境。）由此可知，人们期待新技术能解决碎片问题，说明NASA正在应用新技术来解决碎片问题，只是能否解决尚未可知，排除A选项；原文第5段第1句Butaddingshieldingandrepairkitswon’tsolvetherealproblem.（但增加防护和修复设备并不能解决真正的问题。）由此可知，增加防护和修复设备是已经采用的方法，所以B选项“给航天飞机加一些保护措施”以及C选项“修理航天飞机的设备”可排除；D选项“用火箭取代航天飞机”原文并未提及。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

35.推理判断题。题干“当____时，所有私人公司都将处理太空碎片问题”定位到原文最后一段第5句Someindustryrepresentativessaytheywantregulations,butonlyiftheregulationsapplytoeveryoneandcannotbeevaded.（一些行业代表表示，他们希望监管，但前提是这些监管适用于所有人，且人们不能逃避监管。）由此可知，他们希望所有有关的人都受到监管，且所有的人都必须处理太空垃圾，不能逃避。要做到这一点，只能依靠法律。因此，D选项“法律规定他们必须这样做”符合原文表述。A选项“脱轨火箭和卫星变得便宜了”可定位到最后一段第3句Butdeorbitingrocketsandsatellitesisexpensive.（但是火箭和卫星脱离轨道是昂贵的。）由此可知，私人公司未处理太空碎片问题的一个原因是使火箭卫星离轨很贵，但并不能保证便宜下来，所有人都肯定会处理太空碎片问题，排除A选项；B选项“他们的卫星太旧了，不能为他们服务”，原文并没有相关表述，排除；C选项“政府制定切实可行的规定”，可定位到最后一段第2句Fornow,thefederalagenciesthathaveauthorityovercommerciallaunchesarewaitingtoseeiftheprivatesectorcandealwiththeproblemonitsown.（目前，有权管理商业发射的联邦机构正在观望私营部门能否自行解决这个问题。）由此可知，政府部希望私人公司能够自己解决这个问题，所以政府制定切实可行的规定较难实现，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

2.单选题

It’shardtomemorizethroughbruteforcethegroceriesweneedtobuy.

问题1选项

A.rude

B.skillful

C.emphasized

D.abnormal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。brute在句中是“蛮力，强力”，A选项rude“粗鲁的”；B选项skillful“有技巧的”；C选项emphasized“强调的”；D选项abnormal“反常的”。句意：通过蛮力很难记住我们需要买的杂货。根据句意A项正确。

3.单选题

（1）

Player1maynotknowtheseparticularwordsofwisdom,butchancesareshe'sthinkingmuchthesameasshetriestodecidewhethertosendPlayer2someofher$10stake.Ifshedoes,themoneywillbetripled,andheranonymouspartnercanchoosetoreturnnone,some,orallofthecash.ButwhyshouldPlayer2sendanythingback?AndwhyshouldPlayer1giveanythinginthefirstplace?Despitetheironlogicofthisargument,shetypesinhercommandtosendsomemoney.Afewmomentslatershesmiles,seeingfromherscreenthatPlayer2hasreturnedatidysumthatleavesthembothshowinganetprofit.

（2）

BasedonexactlythesamecoldlogicthatPlayer1dismissed,theso-calledNashequilibriumpredictsthatineconomictransactionsbetweenstrangers,whereonehastomakedecisionsbasedonaforecastofanother'sresponse,theoptimalleveloftrustiszero.Yetdespitetheeconomicorthodoxy,thebehaviorofPlayers1and2isnotexceptional.Infact,overthecourseofhundredsofsuchtrials,itturnsoutthatabouthalfofPlayer1ssendsomemoney,andthree-quartersofPlayer2swhoreceiveitsendsomeback.

Zakisaleadingprotagonistintherelativelynewfieldofneuroeconomics,whichaimstounderstandhumansocialinteractionsthrougheverylevelfromsynapsetosociety.Itisahugelyambitiousundertaking.Bylayingbarethemysteriesofsuchnebuloushumanattributesastrust,neuroeconomistshopetotransformourself-understanding.（3）

“Aswelearnmoreabouttheremarkableinternalorderofthemind,wewillalsounderstandfarmoredeeplythesocialmindandthereforetheexternalorderofpersonalexchange,andtheextendedorderofexchangethroughmarkets.”

（4）

AsZak’scollaboratorSteveKnackoftheWorldBankpointsout:“Trustisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingacountry'seconomichealth.Wheretrustislow,individualsandorganizationsaremorewaryaboutengaginginfinancialtransactions,whichtendstodepressthenationaleconomy.”

Andtrustlevelsdiffergreatlybetweennations.TheWorldValuesSurvey,basedattheUniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,hasaskedpeopleincountriesaroundtheworld,“Doyouthinkstrangerscangenerallybetrusted?”thepositiveresponseratevariesfromabout65%inNorwaytoabout5%inBrazil.（5）

“Policy-makersintheselattercountriesmightbeurgentlyinterestedinmechanismsthatenablethemtoraisenationaltrustlevels,”observesKnack.

问题1选项

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica—riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

问题2选项

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

问题3选项

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

问题4选项

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

问题5选项

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:G

第3题:F

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.此句为整篇文章的开头，用意大利的谚语引入主题，“信任是件好事，但最好不要信任。”，根据第一段的内容，主要讲到了玩家一和玩家二之间的金钱交易行为以及是否彼此信任，可知，文章的主题为信任关系，所以选项D符合文意。

2.文章第一段主要用实例说明了经济交易中的信任关系，也是对意大利谚语的一种反驳和证明，说明经济交易中是存在信任关系的。文章第二段把这种信任再次放到经济理论中进行了讨论。所以第一段实验得出的结果不仅是对谚语的一种蔑视，而且是对第二段中提到的经济理论的挑战。选项G符合题意。

3.根据文章第三段，主要提到了Zak的相关理论和观点，因为空格上文提到了Zak这个人物，所以下文用he来指代。选项F符合题意。

4.根据文章第四段，可知主要提到信任是影响一个国家经济最强大的因素之一，所以本段的首句应与国家经济相关。选项B符合题意。

5.根据文章第五段，主要内容为不同国家之间的信任水平存在差异，并给了一些统计调查数据。空格前给出了挪威和巴西有关信任度的调查数据，可判断出空格中会继续列举数据。又根据空格后文，提到后面一类的国家迫切需要提升国民信任度。可知空格中会列举一些国民信任度较低的国家，选项C符合题意。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

4.单选题

Themarksmanwaitedforthepheasantto（）cover.

问题1选项

A.seek

B.break

C.get

D.take

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项seek“寻求；寻找；探索；搜索”；B选项break“打破；骨折；违犯；弄坏；失灵；打断；终止”；C选项get“使得；获得；受到；变成；成为；变得；到达”；D选项take“拿，取；带去；使达到；偷走；夺取；买下”。根据固定搭配breakcover“跳出来；跳出躲藏处；从隐藏处出来”可知该题选break。句意：狙击手等着这只野鸡从隐蔽处出来。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Withthesevereshortageofenergysupply,wearefacingthe（）ofaveryhardwinter.

问题1选项

A.expectation

B.prospect

C.promise

D.damage

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。expectation“预料”;prospect“前景”；promise“承诺”;damage“毁坏”。句意：因为能源供应的严重短缺，我们将面临一个艰难的冬天。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Iwon’thaveawhisky,thankyou.It’snotthatIdon’tdrink,______thatIdon’tdrinkanddrive.

问题1选项

A.butrather

B.butalso

C.except

D.otherwise

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子逻辑。前面和后面构成转折关系。A项butrather“而是，相反地”表示对比；B项butalso“并且”表示强调；C项except“除了”，exceptthat“只可惜，除了……之外”表示转折；D项otherwise“否则”，一般是作为副词来使用，连接并列分句。句意：我不要威士忌，谢谢。不是我不喝，只可惜我不能喝，要开车。根据句意，正确答案为C。

7.单选题

Mostpeopleinthemodemworld（

）freedomandindependencemorethananythingelse.

问题1选项

A.illuminate

B.fascinate

C.cherish

D.embody

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。illuminate“阐明，说明”；fascinate“使着迷，使神魂颠倒”；cherish“珍爱”；embody“体现，使具体化”。句意：在现代社会里，大多数人最珍惜的事自由和独立。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe______betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.junction

C.dilemma

D.premise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradox“悖论，反论；似是而非的论点；自相矛盾的人或事”；B选项junction“连接，接合；交叉点；接合点”；C选项dilemma“困境；进退两难；两刀论法”；D选项premise“前提，假定；（常复数）商店、餐馆、公司等使用的房屋及土地；（常复数）上诉各项”。句意：父母们经常面对这样的两难处境，是选择做他们认为的对孩子发展好的事情呢，还是选择对其放任自流。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Theteachertriedtoexplaintheproblem,buttheexplanationdidnot（）.

问题1选项

A.comeup

B.hangon

C.getacross

D.lookout

【答案】C

【解析】动词词组辨析。comeup"走近;发生";hangon"坚持下去;不挂断;握住不放";getacross"被理解,被接受";lookout"注意;当心"。句意：老师试图解释这个问题,但这个解释不被大家所接受。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

Itwas（）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

问题1选项

A.addicted

B.alleged

C.assaulted

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。addict“上瘾的”；allege“宣称，断言”；assault“攻击，袭击”；ascribe“归因于，归咎于”。句意：据称，这家饭店歧视黑人顾客。B项符合题意。

11.单选题

Therearemanywhobelievethattheuseofforce（）politicalendscanneverbejustified.

问题1选项

A.insearchof

B.inpursuitof

C.inviewof

D.inlightof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项insearchof“寻找”；B选项inpursuitof“在追求……时”；C选项inviewof“鉴于”；D选项inlightof“按照”。句意：许多人认为用武力实现政治目的永远不可能是正当的。本句表示对政治目的的追求。因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI（

）.

问题1选项

A.cuthimshort

B.gavehimup

C.turnedhimout

D.puthimthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项cutsb.short“打断某人”；B选项givesb.up“放弃某人”；C选项turnsb.out意为“驱逐某人”；D选项putsb.through“替某人接通”。由句中的but可知前后表示转折关系，结合句意可知选A。句意：杰克正要宣布我们的计划，但我打断了他。

13.单选题

Whenhewasonly10metersawayfromthefinishingline,theAfricanrunnersuddenly（）passingbytheotherrunners.

问题1选项

A.attempted

B.approached

C.accelerated

D.accessed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attempt“企图，试图”；approach“走进；临近；处理”；accelerate“加速”；access“接近，使用”。句意：当他离终点只有10米远的时候，这位非洲跑步者加速超过了其他人。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Oneoftherequirementsforthemasterdegreeisthatstudents（

）.

问题1选项

A.oughttopassoraldefense

B.passoraldefense

C.needpassoraldefense

D.aretopassoraldefense

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。如果句子主语是requirement,suggestion,advice,order等词，后面的表语从句中要用到虚拟语气：should+动词原形的结构。这里should可以省略，句意为，对于硕士学位的要求之一是：学生应该通过论文答辩。分析四个选项，B最符合题意。

15.单选题

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey（）toviolenceinordertoescape.

问题1选项

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一般来说，动物只有在落入圈套时，为了逃命才会采取暴力行为。

考查动词辨析。proceed继续前进，开始；appeal恳求，呼吁；resort诉诸，凭借某些手段，通常与介词to搭配；incline倾向于。因此无论从搭配还是从语义上来说，C项正确。

16.单选题

Needlesstosay,theterroristattacksonSeptember11______thewholenationintoextremehorror,andcouldverylikelyaffectthecourseofhumanhistory.

问题1选项

A.escalated

B.plunged

C.converted

D.drowsed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项escalate“逐步增强，逐步升高”，B项plunge“使突然地下落，猛插，骤降，陡峭地向下倾斜”，C项convert“使转变，转换……”，D项drowse“使昏昏欲睡，昏昏沉沉地消磨（时光）”。从句子结构来看，缺少谓语动词，且后面接介词into，由extremehorror“极度恐慌”可知，plunge…into…“使……陷入……”符合语境。句意：不用说，911恐怖袭击让整个国家陷入了极度恐慌，很可能会影响人类历史的进程。因此，该题选择B项正确。

17.单选题

Weneed

allinformation（）tothe

economicaspectsofthatcompany'sactivities.

问题1选项

A.perceptible

B.pertaining

C.periodic

D.persistent

【答案】B

【解析】perceptible指可感知的；pertainto指与……相关;periodic指周期性的；persistent指坚持不懈的。句意：我们需要那个公司经济方面的所有信息。选项B正确。

18.单选题

Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysicallandfeaturesortofarcticicefieldsandtropicaljunglescanbefoundwithinitsborders.Sharplycontrastingtypesoflandoftenlieveryclosetooneanother.PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisitthePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,thefertileSanJoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDesert,andthehighSierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.

Inotherareasitispossibletogosnowskiinginthemorningandsurfingintheeveningofthesameday,withouthavingtotravellongdistance.

ContrastaboundsinCalifornia.ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).MountWhitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfromDeathValley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceofonly100miles.

Thetwoareashaveadifferenceinaltitudeofalmostthreemiles.Californiahasdeep,clearmountainlakeslikeLakeTahoe,thedeepestinthecountry,butitalsohasshallow,saltydesertlakes.IthasLakeTulainyo,12,020feetabovesealevel,andthelowestlakeinthecountry,theSaltonSea,236feetbelowsealevel.Someofitslakes,likeOwensLakeinDeathValley,arenotlakesatall:theyaredried-uplakebeds.Inadditiontomountains,lakes,valleys,desertsandplateaus,CaliforniahasitsPacificcoastline,stretchinglongerthanthecoastlinesofOregonandWashingtoncombined.

1.WhichofthefollowingisthelowestpointintheUnitedStates?

2.WhereisthehighestpointintheUnitedStateslocated?

3.HowfarawayisDeathValleyfromMountWhitney?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasbeingwithina