语法专题十六 主谓一致【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通（学生版）

语法专题十六、主谓一致考点精讲考点精讲主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。有三条原则：1.语法一致原则2.意义一致的原则3.就近原则考点一、语法一致原则是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数，谓语动词也采用复数形式。主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等，谓语动词用单数。Coffeeismorepopularinwesterncountries.2、主语是复数名词、复数代词、谓语动词用复数形式。如：Someboysareplayinginthepark.3、由and或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Swimmingandwalkingaregoodexercises.[注意]1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。例如：TheirteacherandfriendisMr.Li.2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no,each,every或manya,morethanone修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Manyastudentishavingpracticeinthatfactory.4、如果主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,like,but,except,besides，including,nolessthan,ratherthan,asmuchas，morethan,inadditionto等时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。AnEnglishteachertogetherwithsomestudentshasclimbedthemountain.Maryaswellasherfriendslikesthispainting.5、“anumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“Thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Alargenumberofbuildingswereburntdown.Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolis2500.oneof+复数名词+谓语动词单数“表示“......之一”。OneofmypenfriendsisfromBeijing.noneof后面只能跟可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。如;Noneofthosebooksis/aregood.由one,eachother,everyone,each...and...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Eachofushasamathbook.由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词和不定代词either/neither+of+n.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Everyoneknowssmokingcigarettesisbadforhealth.Neitherofthetwocomputersischeap.10、在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：Itsoundedlikeatrainwhich/thatwasgoingundermyhouse.11、由“分数或百分数+of+名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：Twothirdsofthecountryisdryordesert.30percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.12、glasses,pants,trousers,shorts,jeans,chopsticks,shoes,gloves等名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但如果前有“akindof,或this/thatkindof,aseries(aspecies)of,apairof等+名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.考点二、意义一致原则，是指谓语动词形式要与主语意义上的单复数形式一致。以集体名词army,class,enemy,family,government,group,team,crew，crowd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。如：Ourclassisbetterthananyotherclassesatplayingbasketballinourschool.Ourclassareplayingabasketballmatchtomorrow.2、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如people,police,cattle等，作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。而有些名词如news,politics等以-s结尾，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。[注意]population单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some,most或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Mostofthepopulationofthecityareworkers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人。Thepopulationinourcountryisverylarge,andeightypercentofthepopulationarefarmers.3、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语，根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。如：Twentyyearsisalongtimetous.对于我们来说，20年是一段很长的时间。Onethousandpoundsisalotofmoney.一千英镑是很大一笔钱。4、如果主语由“the+形容词”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。Theoldistakengoodcareofinourcountry.在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。Thesickisoneofthestudentsinourclass.那位病人是我们班的一个学生。5、“the+姓氏复数”表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。6、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses,trousers（裤子）,shoes，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（货物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks,compasses（圆规），但如果这些名词前有apairof，等量词修饰时，（clothes被修饰asuitof），谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：Yourtrousersneedwashing.你的裤子该洗了。Myglassesarenew.我的眼镜是新的。Apairofnewshoesisinyoursuitcase.一双新鞋在你的手提箱里。三、就近一致原则，即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。1、当or，either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso...，not...but....，whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。EitheryouorLilyistodothecleaningaftersupper.Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenwerethere.在therebe或herebe句型，主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。Thereisadeskatableandthreechairsintheroom.考点精练考点精练中考语法—主谓一致专项练习（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分。）1.Eachofus________WeChat(微信)nowadays,eventheoldpeople.A.plays B.play C.playing D.played2.Herearesome_______foryoutoread.A.milk B.tea C.books3.—Tom,

what'syourdaddoing？—He______

mybike．A.repair B.repairs C.isrepairing D.willrepair4.Aftertheboy'shomework________,hewentouttoplay.A.finished B.finishes C.wasfinished D.isfinished5.Everyone_______here.Let'sgo.A.am B.are C.is6.NotonlySambutalsohisparents___________comingtoChinasoon.A.is B.are C.were7.The

survey

on

the

children

that

more

than

five

sixths

of

them

interested

in

science

books

because

they

seems

a

little

boring.A.show;is B.shows;are C.shows;is D.show;are8.Withtheintroductionofthe"doublereduction"policy（双减政策），oneofthe__________thatthestudentshavelesshomework.A.changes；is B.change；is C.changes；are9.-Usingpublicchopsticks______necessarywheneatingwithothers.-That'sright.A.is B.are C.was D.were10.-Hurryup,Jason!We'regoingtothecinema,buttheclothesstillneed

.-Don'tworry.Ithinkthirtyminutes

enough.A.washing；are B.to

wash；are C.to

wash；is D.washing；is11.Somepeoplethinkoneofthemostusefulinventions

thesmartphone.A.are B.is C.were D.be12.There______twopeoplewaitingforyououtsidenow.A.is B.are C.was D.were13.IplantotraveltoAmericanextmonth,andIthink2000dollars______enough.A.was B.are C.is D.were14.Thezebraeatsgrass,butit______eatmeat.A.doesn't B.didn't C.don't15.Thenumberofthewhales______smallerandsmallerbecauseofhumanactivitiesnow.A.were B.was C.is D.are16.Look!Juliaaswellashersisters______akiteontheplayground.A.fly B.flies C.isflying D.areflying17.Freshwater______moreimportantthananythingelse.A.is B.are C.was D.were18.Volunteeringourtimetohelppeople______agoodwaytolearnnewthings.A.am B.is C.are19.—Susan,howmanywomenteachersarethereinyourschool?—Inourschool,______oftheteachers______womenteachers.third

fourth；are B.third

fourth；isC.three

fourths；is D.three

fourths；are20.Onethousandkilometers______quitealongwaytotheancient,butnowwecancompletethejourneyinaboutonehourbyair.A.was B.had C.were D.have21.He_______likehisbrother.A.look B.looks C.looking22.Mid-AutumnDayusually______onAugust15thinthelunarcalendar（阴历）everyyear.A.come B.comes C.iscoming D.willcome23.Inthepastpeopledidn'tknowthatlight

fasterthansound.A.travels B.travelled C.travel24.NotonlyPeterbutalsohisfather________crazyaboutthebasketballmatch.A.am B.is C.are D.be25.Thispairofsocks______soft.I'lltake______.A.feel;itB.feels;it C.feels;them26.ShewillflytoHaikouassoonasshe______thetask.A.finish B.finishes C.finished27.It'sreportedthatthestudentsinsomeschoolsofourcity

aPEclasseveryday.A.takes B.take C.took D.are

taking28.—DoyouenjoythesongssungbyJayChou?—Ofcourse.NotonlyI

butalsomyparents______hisfans.A.am B.are C.was D.were29.Someoftheapplesarebad,butIbelievetherest

sweet.A.taste B.tastes C.aretasted D.istasted30.NotonlyJackbutalsoI______crazyaboutthefootballmatch.A.am B.is C.are D.be31.—Listen!There______someone______atthedoor.—Itmustbeyoursister.A.is;

knocking B.is;

knock C.are;

knocking D.are;

knock32.—What_____thenumberofthestudentsinyourschool?​​—Abouttwothousand.Anumberofthem_____

fromthecountryside.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;are33.—What

would

you

like

to

have

for

your

birthday？—Either

noodles

or

bread

______

OK．I

don't

mind．A.am B.is C.are D.be34.Everybody

except

Mike

and

Linda_______there

when

the

meeting

began.A.is B.are C.was D.were35.—Whatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmenthere?—Wonderful!

________of

the

land________covered

with

trees

and

grass.A.Twofifths;is B.Two

fifth;

is C.Two

fifths;

are D.Twofifth;are36._________

Lucy________Lily

like

singing．A.Either，or B.Neither，norC.Not

only，but

also D.Both，and37.My

friend

and

I

are

interested

in

drawing，but

________

of

us

is

good

at

it．A.neither B.both C.none D.all38.Doingeyeexercises______oneoftheusefulwaystoprotectoureyes.A.is B.are C.were39.Thetwins

fondofthenewideainthemagazinearticle．A.be B.am C.is D.are40.Look，the

set

of

keys

on

the

teacher's

desk．A.are B.were C.is D.was41.—What'sinthepictureonthewall?—There______ateacherandsomestudentsplayingsoccerontheplayground.A.has B.are C.is D.have42.Both

Kate

and

I

______ready

for

the

new

high

school

life.A.am B.is C.are D.be43.In

our

school

library

there

a

number

of

books

and

the

number

of

them

growing

larger

and

larger．A.is；are B.has；is C.are；is D.have；are44.—Thenumberoftourists______over33millionthisyear.—Yes.Al