浅谈手机键盘中字母排列方式的设计

74/74HYPERLINK"/"手机键盘中字母排列方式的设计北京市八一中学高二年级：杨子申指导教师：邵文武摘要：在人们开始依靠于用手机短信交流信息的今天，用手机打字的速度，也越来越受到人们的关注，因此，一个适宜的手机键盘，也就变得越来越重要。通过研究表明，我们能够通过改变字母之间的位置，来提高人们用手机打字的速度。关键词：手机键盘、等待时刻。一、问题的提出在科技水平高度发达的今天，手机差不多成为当今人们必不可少的通讯工具之一。而关于手机的使用，人们差不多不限于只是简简单单的通话，越来越多的人们，开始依靠于用手机短信谈天，手机短信也逐渐成为人们生活中必不可少的一部分。既然当今的人们如此依靠于手机短信，那么用手机打字的速度，也越来越受到人们的关注，因此，一个适宜的手机键盘，也就变得越来越重要。当今，纵观各式各样的手机，不管外形多么华丽，功能多么齐全，而键盘上的顺序差不多差不多上一样的，没有什么太大的差异。现时期手机键盘上的字母顺序大体是如此的；数字1键上没有任何字母（为了中文输入时方便确认，相当于电脑键盘上的Enter键），数字2键上同时依次设有字母a、b、c，数字3键上设有字母d、e、f，以此类推，数字4、5、……、9键上分不设有字母g、h、i，j、k、l，m、n、o，p、q、r、s，t、u、v，w、x、y、z。而只是如此单纯地按照字母的顺序来排列，势必会阻碍手机打字的速度，给人们的生活带来不便。像上面所叙述的，既然现今的手机键盘存在着如此之多不尽人意的弊端，那么能否通过改变字母之间的放置的位置，来提高人们用手机打字的速度呢？注：在拼写单词时，由于相邻的两个字母处于手机键盘的同一个按键上，而在输入该两字母之间，必须等待一定的时刻。二、建立数学模型由于手机键盘相关于电脑键盘来讲是专门小的，空间极为有限。同时关于大多数人，在手机上打字时，也往往仅用一个或是两个大拇指。因此，在此我们暂且认为，手机上的各个按键，被手指所按击的难易程度相等。关于中文的打字，不同的人可能适应于不同的打字方式。有的人对拼音比较熟悉，他就可能比较喜爱选用拼音录入的方式；有的人比较擅长笔画顺序，它就可能选用笔顺的录入方式；另外的一些人还可能对拼音不太熟悉，写字时又经常适应倒插笔，那么他就可能比较适合于笔画数的录入方式……总之，关于不同的人群，在手机上录入汉字的方式，可能各不相同。因此，在那个地点我们针对的是英语的录入。现在手机的小巧，尽管方便了人们的携带和保存，但这也必定会产生它的弊端——小巧袖珍的键盘，这直接导致了手机上按键数目的缺少。为解决字母输入的问题，人们只能将若干个字母排列在一个按键上。由于英语是一种用单个字母依次排列，组成单词，再将多个单词排列，从而组成句子的语言。因此关于英语的录入，我们只能依次输入每一个单词中的每个字母。然而，多个字母排列在一个按键上，尽管聪慧的前人想到了能够通过延迟和多次敲击同一个按键的录入方法，来解决手机按键紧张的问题，但这也一定程度上阻碍了手机打字的速度。按照一般的手机，排列字母的按键一般只有2-9，共有八个数字键，而英文字母却共有26个（不区分大小写），又26/8=3……2，因此平均每个字母按键上有3个字母（包括有2个按键上有四个字母）。按照现在手机使用的适应，在设计新键盘时，还保留现在手机键盘中各相应按键上字母的个数，按照3、3、3、3、3、4、3、4的顺序，依次排列。（即数字2、3、4、5、6、8六个上各排有3个字母，位于两下角的数字键7和9上，排有4个字母。）因此，在设计新的手机键盘时，考虑到手机按键的紧张，尽可能的充分的利用上述八个按键。通过统计，并进行简单的计算（计算时数据量比较大时，采纳电脑编程的辅助手段关心完成），尽量使等待时刻达到最短，从而使使用者在对键盘的熟悉度相同的情况下，进一步提高打字的速度，如此就设计出适合英文打字的键盘。注：单次等待时刻：在拼写单词时，由于相邻的两个字母在手机的同一个按键上，而在输入该两字母时刻，必须等待一定的时刻。等待时刻：在输入一段内容时，必须等待的时刻总和。三、具体设计过程（1）选取英文材料，作为统计中的资料来源通过多种途径，尽可能的从多方面，查找涉及范围广的，与日常生活紧密相关的英文材料，从中筛选出了一些对话和文章（见附录），作为统计中的资料来源；（2）整理资料，并初步统计将（1）中所找到的资料做适当剪辑，并将之整理、汇总，初步统计每个英语字母在其中出现的频数，并将统计好的数据，按26个字母按出现频数多少进行排序。资料中单个字母出现频数表字母频数字母频数字母频数字母频数字母频数e4799n2411m988p572j72t3435s2274w980b525x50o3049r2026y938k372q44a2864l1669c826v368z16i2627d1569g809h2474u1132f785注：在上表中统计的数据虽均为出现频数，但由于此处的频率与频数成正比。因此，为了叙述方便和表述明确，以下均使用频率那个概念。（为简化计算，使用频数的数值。）（3）等待时刻最短的理想模型由于手机键盘中八个按键上字母分不有3、3、3、3、3、4、3、4个，因此将英语中全部的26个字母编为八组（除两组有四个字母数外，其余每组均有三个字母）。为使等待时刻最短，设计下列关于总等待时刻y的函数。将26个英语字母按上述要求任意编为八组，按照资料中统计的数据，将每组中（即每个按键上）的任意两个字母进行排列，依照统计时的频率（此处为简化计算，使用频数的数值，下同），计算出该组的组等待时刻T。（T=组内任意两字母排列频率的总和×单次等待时刻t）再将该分组中，每组的组等待时刻T相加，便得到总等待时刻y，即y=T1+T2+……+T8。如：按照现在手机键盘的分组，总等待时刻y的计算方法如下。先计算第一组（即数字键为2的字母组）的组等待时刻T1。将第一组中的三个字母a、b、c，按照任意顺序排列（ab、ba、ac、ca、bc、cb，共六组），分不统计上述六种情况出现的频率，并将这六种情况出现的频率相加，再乘上单次等待时刻t，便得到第一组的组等待时刻T1。按照上述方法，分不计算出其余七组的组等待时刻T2，T3，……，T8。最后，将T1，T2，……，T8相加，便得到该分组时的总等待时刻y。计算出所有分组情况下的总等待时刻y，比较各种分组中总等待时刻y的大小，选出其中y最小时的分组。那么，该分组情况，即为资料中所表现出的，该形式手机键盘的，等待时刻最短的分组，即为最佳分组。注：组等待时刻：26个英语字母编为的八组中，每组组内的等待时刻之和。总等待时刻：26个英语字母编为的八组，总共的等待时刻之和。（4）理想模型的局限通过简单的计算，不久便发觉，要实现那个理想模型，存在着许多问题。下面，我们对分组情况进行简单的统计。分组要求：将26个字母任意编为八组，每组分不有3、3、3、3、3、4、3、4个字母。那个要求看似专门简单，可实际计算时，数字却十分惊人。首先，我们先选择第一组的3个字母。因为一共有26个英语字母，从中不计顺序的选择3个，共有C（26，3）种可能性。再选择第二组的3个字母时，由于第一组差不多选出了3个字母，从剩余的23个字母中，再不记顺序的选择3个，共有C（23，3）种可能性。同理，选出剩余四个含有3个字母的组，依次有C（20，3），C（17，3），C（14，3），C（11，3）种可能性。依照乘法原理，上述六组共有C（26，3）×C（23，3）×C（20，3）×C（17，3）×C（14，3）×C（11，3）（记为n）种选法（考虑顺序）。又由于以上六组不分先后，因此，上述六组共有n/6！种选法。同理，剩余两组含有4个字母的组共有C（8，4）×C（4，4）/2！种选法。综上所述，按照分组要求，将26个字母任意编为八组，共有n/6！×C（8，4）×C（4，4）/2！=1.04214×1016种选法。由此可见，关于如此庞大的计算量，专门难进行后续工作。C（n，m）组合n个中取m个（5）调整后的模型通过上面的叙述，不难发觉，在实际操作中，这种尽管能够使等待时刻最短的理想模型，实在是难以实现。因此，在实际操作时，采纳以下的方法，对理想模型进行改善。Ⅰ.统计上述资料中，单个字母出现频率，并进行排序，从中选出排在前八位的字母，把它们作为手机键盘八个按键中的首个字母。EtoaIhns

Ⅱ.除去上述排在前八位的字母，剩余字母中，选出单个字母出现频率最高的字母（即在全部的26个字母中，单个字母出现频率排在第九位的字母），让该字母依次与上述八个按键中的首个字母（即单个字母出现频率排在前八位的字母）相交。比较相交的结果，从中找出所有相交的数值最小的。然后，将该字母放于与之相交所得数值最小字母的按键上，并排列在按键中的首字母之后，作为此按键的第二个字母。字母组合频率和字母组合频率和字母组合频率和re483er567re|er1050rt88tr66rt|tr154ro195or271ro|or466ra98ar237ra|ar335ri153ir104ri|ir257rh3hr24rh|hr27rn45nr1rn|nr46rs102sr0rs|sr102etoaihrnsⅢ.再从剩余字母中，选出单个字母出现频率最高的字母，让该字母依次与上述剩余七个按键中的首个字母相交，从中找出相交的数值最小的，将该字母放于所交字母之后。同时在所有按键的第k个字母排列完之前，不在任何键上排列第（k+1）个字母。按照上述方法依次排列所有按键的第二个字母。字母组合频率和字母组合频率和字母组合频率和le220el160le|el380lt21tl36lt|tl57lo110ol93lo|ol203la107al200la|al307li160il173li|il333ln0nl12ln|nl12ls36sl12ls|sl48eytdocawiuhrnlsmⅣ.再从剩余字母中，选出单个字母出现频率最高的字母，让该字母依次与每一个按键上的每一个字母相交。分不统计该字母与每个按键上的字母相交之和，比较它们和的大小，从中选出所交和最小的，并将该字母放于该按键所有字母之后。同理，排列好每个按键上的三个字母。字母组合频率和字母组合频率和字母组合频率和ge73eg37ge|eg110gt0tg0gt|tg0go81og17go|og98ga49ag57ga|ag106gi40ig84gi|ig124gh93hg0gh|hg93gn14ng300gn|ng314gs8sg1gs|sg9gy1yg0gy|yg1gd0dg4gd|dg4gc0cg0gc|cg0gw0wg0gw|wg0gu29ug40gu|ug69gr72rg11gr|rg83gl16lg1gl|lg17gm0mg0gm|mg0字母组合频率和字母组合频率和频率总和ge|eg110gy|yg1111gt|tg0gd|dg44go|og98gc|cg098ga|ag106gw|wg0106gi|ig124gu|ug69193gh|hg93gr|rg83176gn|ng314gl|lg17331gs|sg9gm|mg09eyjtdgocvawkiuxhrpnlbsmfⅤ.最后，将剩余的两个字母，按照此方法排列，再将上述键盘中的字母进行整理。如此，便设计出了新的手机键盘。注：规定两个字母“α”与“β”相交为：分不统计两字母组合“αβ”与“βα”，在材料中出现的频数，并将这两个频数相加的过程。（5）手机键盘字母顺序的最终设计依照以上步骤，运用调整后的模型，手机键盘中，字母排列顺序的最终设计如下。12eyj3hrp4iux5nlb6ocv7awkq8tdg9smfz*0#四、补充讲明由于所使用的英语材料数量有限，同时材料所涉及到的范围不足以包罗万象，这必定会导致整个的统计有一定的局限性。在整个统计的过程中，由于自身的知识储备，再加上所使用工具的局限性，这就更增加了设计过程中难度，难免有疏漏之处。况且，以上的许多种讨论差不多上建立在理想化的基础上，而在实际生活中，专门难实现那些理论上的，所谓的理想情况，因而在这方面，新手机键盘的设计，也存在着许多不足。【参考文献】附录中的英语资料均来自互联网。附录：进行统计用的资料所选英语材料1.GoodLuck！

2.Allthebest！

3.Haveagoodtrip!

4.Wishyouasuccess

5.Haveagoodday!

6.Ihopetoseeyousoon.

7.Congratulations!

8.Happybirthday!

9.Iwishyouthebestofhealth!

10.Longliveourfriendship!

II.Askingforandofferinghelp

11.Couldyouhelpme?

12.Wouldyoupleasedomeafavor?

13.Wouldyoupleasegivemeahand?

14.WhatcanIdoforyou?

15.Can（May）Ihelpyou?

16.Letmehelpyou.

17.It'sverykindofyou!

III.AskingtheWay

18.Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytothestation?

19.Straighton.

20.Godownthisstreet.Thenturnleft.

21.Turnrightatthesecondcrossing.

22.I'msorry.Ihavenoideawhereitis.

23.Thankyouallthesame.

24.Isitfarfromhere?

25.Yes.You'dbettertakeabus.

26.It'sabout1kilometerfromhere.

27.Excuseme,doestheBusNo.4stopattheChinaTradeCenter?

28.Howlongistheride?

29.Itwilltakeabout20/twentyminutes.

30.Thankyouverymuch.It'sapleasure.IV.Shopping

31.CanIhelpyou?

32.Yes,I'dliketobuyabook.

33.Ok.Hereyouare.

34.Howmuchisit?

35.Itisseventeenyuanandfiftycents.

36.MayIhelpyou?

37.Yes,Iwanttobuyashirt.

38.Whatcolor/size/styledoyouwant?

39.Ablue/red/green/yellow/white/blackone.

40.It'swonderful.Ilikeitverymuch.

41.Allright.I'lltakeit.

42.WherecanIpay?

43.Youcanpayatthecashieroverthere.

44.CanIusemycreditcard?

45.Sure.Goahead.

46.Here'syourchange/receipt.

47.Thanksforyourgoodservice.

48.Docomeagain,please.

49.Thankyou.You'rewelcome.

V.RestaurantEnglish

50.MayIhavealookatthemenu/winelist?

51.What'sthespecialtyofthisrestaurant?

52.Areyoureadytoorder?

53.I'dlikesomethingspicy.

54.Whatdoyourecommend?

55.Thesteaksoundsgoodtome.

56.I'mfull.Ican'teatanymore.

57.Bill,please.

58.Keepthechange.

VI.Time,DaysandMonths

59.Whattimeisit?

60.It's6∶00o'clock.

61.Excuseme,couldyoutellmethetime?

62.It'shalfpastten.

63.Excuseme,haveyougotthetime,please?

64.It'saquartertonine.

65.Whatdayisittoday?

66.It'sSunday/Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday.

67.What'sthedatetoday?

68.TodayisAug.2nd.

69.Whatmonthisit?

70.It'sJanuary/Feburary/March/April/May/June/July/August/September

/October/November/December.

71.Whenwereyouborn?

72.Iwasbornin1949/nineteenforty-nine.

VII.EntertainingGuests

73.Hello!Howareyoudoing?

74.Hello!Welcometoourunit(home)!Sitdown,please.

75.Wouldyoulikeacigarette?

76.No.Thanks.

77.Wouldyouliketodrinksomething,coffee,teao2rcola?

78.Teaisfinewithme.Thankyou.

79.Helpyourselftosomefruits.

80.Give/Passmeacupoftea/aglassofwater,please!

81.Cheers!

82.Toourfriendship!

83.Thanksalot.

VIII.OtherExpressions

84.What'stheweatherliketoday?

85.It'sfinetoday.

86.Lovelyday,isn'tit?

87.Autumnisthebestseasonhere.

88.Whereareyoufrom?

89.I'mfromHongKong.

90.AreyouAmerican?

91.No,I'mChinese.

IX.SayingGoodbye

92.Whenareyouoff?

93.I'mflyingbackonSunday.

94.Goodbyethenandalltheverybest!

95.Pleasesayhellotoyourfamily.

96.Ihopeyou'llcomebacktoChinaagain!

97.I'lldothat.

98.Seeyouagaininthenearfuture.

99.Takecare.

100.Goodbye!(Seeyou！)1.Isee．

2.Iquit!

3.Letgo!

4.Metoo．

5.Mygod!!

6.Noway!

7.Comeon．

8.Holdon．

9.Iagree。

10.Notbad．

11.Notyet．

12.Seeyou．

13.Shutup!

14.Solong．

15.Whynot?

16.Allowme．

17.Bequiet!

18.Cheerup!

19.Goodjob!

20.Havefun!

21.Howmuch?

22.I'mfull．

23.I'mhome．

24.I'mlost．

25.Mytreat．

26.SodoI．

27.Thisway。

28.Afteryou．

29.Blessyou!

30.Followme．

31.Forgetit!

32.Goodluck!

33.Idecline!

34.Ipromise．

35.Ofcourse!

36.Slowdown!

37.Takecare!

38.Theyhurt．

39.Tryagain．

40.Watchout!

41.What'sup?

42.Becareful!

43.Bottomsup!

44.Don'tmove!

45.Guesswhat?

46.Idoubtit

47.Ithinkso．

48.I'msingle．

49.Keepitup!

50.Letmesee．

51.Nevermind．

52.Noproblem!

53.That'sall!

54.Timeisup．

55.What'snew?

56.Countmeon

57.Don'tworry．

58.Feelbetter?

59.Iloveyou!

60.I'mhisfan。

61.Isityours?

62.That'sneat．

63.Areyousure?

64.Dolhaveto

65.Heismyage．

66.Hereyouare．

67.Nooneknows.

68.Takeiteasy．

69.Whatapity!

70.Anythingelse?

71.Tobecareful!

72.Domeafavor?

73.Helpyourself．

74.I'monadiet．

75.KeepinTouch．

76.Timeismoney．

77.Who'scalling?

78.Youdidright．

79.Yousetmeup!

80.CanIhelpyou?

81.Enjoyyourself!

82.Excuseme，Sir．

83.Givemeahand!

84.How'sitgoing?

85.Ihavenoidea．

86.Ijustmadeit!

87.I'llseetoit

88.I'minahurry!

89.It'sherfield．

90.It'suptoyou．

91.Justwonderful!

92.Whataboutyou?

93.Youowemeone．

94.You'rewelcome．

95.Anydaywilldo．

96.Areyoukidding?

97.Congratulations!

98.Tcan'thelpit.

99.Idon'tmeanit.

100.I'llfixyouUp．

101.Itsoundsgreat!．

102.It'safineday。

103.Sofar，Sogood．

104.Whattimeisit?

105.Youcanmakeit!

106.Controlyourself!

107.Hecamebytrain．

108.Heisillinbed．

109.Helackscourage．

110.How'severything?

111.Ihavenochoice．

112.Ilikeice-cream．

113.Ilovethisgame．

114.I'lltrymybest．

115.I'mOnyourside．

116.Longtimenosee!

117.Nopain，nogain．

118.Well，itdepends

119.We'reallforit．

120.Whatagooddeal!

121.WhatshouldIdo?

122.Youaskedforit!

123.Youhavemyword．

124.Believeitornot!

125.Don'tcountonme．

126.Don'tfallforit!

127.Don'tletmedown．

128.Easycomeeasygo．

129.Ibegyourpardon．

130.Ibegyourpardon?

131.I'llbebacksoon．

132.I'llcheckitout．

133.It’salongstory．

134.It’sSundaytoday．

135.Justwaitandsee!

136.Makeupyourmind．

137.That'sallIneed．

138.Theviewisgreat．

139.Thewallhasears．

140.Therecomesabus．

141.Whatdayistoday?

142.Whatdoyouthink?

143.Whotoldyouthat?

144.Who'skickingoff?

145.Yes，IsupposeSo．

146.Youcan'tmissit

147.Anymessagesforme?

148.Don'tbesomodest．

149.Don'tgivemethat!

150.Heisasmartboy．

151.Heisjustachild．

152.Ican'tfollowyou．

153.Ifeltsortofill.

154.Ihaveagoodidea!

155.Itisgrowingcool．

156.Itseemsallright．

157.It'sgoingtoofar．

158.MayIuseyourpen?

159.Shehadabadcold．

160.That'sagoodidea．

161.Theansweriszero．

162.Whatdoesshelike?

163.Assoonaspossible!

164.Hecanhardlyspeak．

165.Healwaystalksbig．

166.Hewonanelection．

167.Iamafootballfan．

168.IfonlyIcouldfly．

169.I'llberightthere．

170.I'llseeyouatsix．

171.ISittrueorfalse?

172.Justreaditforme．

173.Knowledgeispower．

174.Moveoutofmyway!

175.Timeisrunningout．

176.Wearegoodfriends．

177.What'syourtrouble?

178.Youdidfairlywell!

179.Clothesmaketheman．

180.Didyoumissthebus?

181.Don'tloseyourhead。

182.Hecan'ttakeajoke．

183.Heowesmyuncle$100．

184.Howarethingsgoing?

185.Howareyourecently?

186.Iknowallaboutit．

187.Itreallytakestime．

188.It'sagainstthelaw．

189.Loveme，lovemydog．

190.Mymouthiswatering．

191.Speaklouder，please．

192.Thisboyhasnojob．

193.Thishouseismyown．

194.Whathappenedtoyou?

195.Youarejustintime.

196.Youneedtoworkout．

197.Yourhandfeelscold．

198.Don'tbesochildish.

199.Don'ttrusttochance!HelloFriend!

Hey,man,goodtoseeyou.

Goodtoseeyoutoo,Ithink.

Goodafternoon,sir.

Atease.

Goodevening,howareyou?

Hello,Randy.Ishegoingtobetakencareof?

Surething,boss.Allinaday'swork.

Hi,Joe!

Hello,Tom,what'shappening?

Morning,Alice.

Bye!Haveagoodday.

Bye!

Goodmorning,dear.

2.ThisHappyFeeling(1)

Internetisnumberone!

Wefinallymadeit.

Welldone!Bond,you'vedoneit!

Yay,aholeinone!

Ohwell,betterlucknexttime.

Steadywinstherace.

Chasethenicebone,doggie.

Tellme,isitaboy?

Comeon,honey.

Hesweptheroffherfeet.

Beautiful!

Hey,guy,we'rerich.

3.ThisHappyFeeling(2)

Whatskill!Whatluck!Whatfun!

Yousucker!

Youwantmetoshuthimup,guy?

Bestwishestoyouboth.

Hurray!

Ialwaysgetmyman.

Howdidyoudoit?

Congratulation!

Bottomsup!

Wedidit.

Thanksguys,youwonthegamesforus.

Ioweitalltoyou.

Goodwork.

Envy.

It'syourfault.

No,man.You'retheonewhoblewit.

4.I'mSoMadat...(1)

What'sgoesonhere?

Whatareyoudoingtalkingtomygirlfriend?

Uh-oh,herecomesmyboyfriend,he'sinsanelyjealous.Out,rat!

Hey,youbreakitup!

How!Afight!

Ouch!Thathurts.

Billy,getoffthedoggie'stail.

Painttheporch,fool,orelse.

Cutitout,mynameisFred,notFool!

Lovemakestheworldgoround.

5.I'msomadat...(2)

Here,havesomecoffeeonme.

I'llhavesomeonyouallright.

Ourleaderismoredeviousthanyourleader.

B.S.ourleaderinventedtheword?

Thepenismightierthanthesword.

Cad!Cur!Beast!

Omph!

Ahh!

Gee,don'tbemad,dear,redlooksgoodonyou.

Lookwhatyoudid,squirt!

Coolitman，I'msorry.

Auck,don'thitme!I'maninnocentbystander.

Snort!Ididn'tdoanythingwrong!

Out!

I'msorry,sir.Ididn'tmeanit.

Fool,youaddedthisbillupwrong!

SoImadeamistake,bigdeal!

6.I'mSoSad...(1)

Brokeagain.

Thatwasmylastone,too.

Sigh.Hedoesn'tevenknowI'malive.

TheonlyfeastingIdothesedaysisinmydream.

Ilosttwoteeth,mycontract,andthegame.

Sob,Ilost.

Hetrickedme.Ihatehim.

Johnnydoesn'tlikeme.

Iblewit.

I'mallwashedup.

Joewasreallyarat.

Shh!He'llhearyou.

7.I'mSoSad...(2)

Good-bye,cruelworld.

Iwishyouwouldn'tgothisway.

Sigh,I'msohungry.CanIhaveabite?

No!Yum,gorge,glut.

I'lldrownmysorrows.

Sob!Ididn'tmeantokillit.I'msorrybirdie.

Ooo!Ican'tlook.

Goodness,Idohopethisisn'taloudgun.Ihatenoise.

Willithurt?

I'llriphimapartwithmyhands.

8.AShyLittleKitten(1)

Thelittleboygrewredatthesightofthecutegirl.

Sheisafraidhe'llthinkherapig.

Don'tbeshy,dear.

I'mashamed.Icouldn'ttellyoumylove.

Theyfeeluneasy.

Behaveyourself,orI'llshot.

Theaudiencelaughs.

Heisembarrassedbecausehemadeamistake.

Sheblushesforhim.

Youshouldseemywifeinabikini...She'saknockout.

9.AShyLittleKitten(2)

Shelostherdignity.

Sheistimidandcompletelyatalosswhattodo.

Yak,yak,yak.

Itoldyou,mymomcouldbeatyourpop.

Ahh,shucks!

Heispinneddownbythedemonstrators.

Shefeltawkward.

Hewillbetooafraidtodoanything.

Niceguy!

Bully!

Havealittlewine,punk.

Thedrunkhumiliatesthegentleman.

Heisteasingafriend.

Hefeelsawkward.

Shelikesyoualot.

Icoulddie.

Losinghereyelashcausehertoblushforshame.

10.HowTerrible!

Oh,on!Aghost!

Mygoodness!Asnake!

Hiseyeswillpopoutinastonishment.

Frightenedtodeath.

Shookup.

I'velostmynerve.

Sheisscaredtodeath.

Howawful.

Heisshocked.

Shewillbeamazedwhenshewakesupfordinner.

OPPS!

Heissurprised.

Shecriedwithshock.

Shewassostunned,thatshecouldn'tspeak.

Thecrowdgaspedwithastonishment.

Hesurprisedthem,sotheygaveupquietly.

Theyjumpedattheunexpectednoise.

Shescreamedinastonishment.

Hewassostartledthatheyelled.

Heturnedwhitewithamazement.

Gotallinapanic.

11.IThink...(1)

Shelookslikemytype.

Heseemstobethemostmuscularguy.

IbelieveI'mthestrongest.

IknowI'llwin.

Let'sseewho'sright.

Ihaveconfidenceinmyself.

Isupposehe'scomingtous.

I'vealwaysrespectedhim.

Ineverexpectedhimtobesogreat.

Imustbethefirst.

Imaybethefirst.

Sheissupposedtobeoneofthebestsingers.

Iwonderifit'sarealdiamond.

Ithinkthisisafakediamond.

12.IThink...(2)

Ibethe'sthebest.

Noeverybodyputsthehighestvaluesonhim.

Ithinkhisfishisalittlebiggerthanmine.

Maybemineisthebigger.

Itisclearthatfishisbiggerthanothersandwinsthechampionship.

It'sgoingtocrash!Why?

Idon'tknow,sir,butIguessthecomputermadesomemistake.

Thisisyourlastchance.Ibelieveyoucanmakeit.

I'msureI'llbePresident.

Idoubthe'llwintheelection.

Ithinkhe'snogood.

I'mwillingtobethe'lllose.

Ithinkthat'stheguy-he'sakiller.

Mustbe.

I'mafraidthepollutionwillkillusall.

I'verealizedthatweshouldstopthepollution.

13.IGuess...

I'mafraidthecrashwasbecauseofyourfault.

Iguessyou'reright.ItseemsI'llbegrounded.

IhopeI'llgetabigpayraise.

Isupposeitmightbegold.

No,itcan'tbegold.

Iimagineitwaspartofadinosaur.

Thiswillbethebiggestfishever.

Guess!Ihopeyou'lllikeit.

Whatcanitbe?

IexpectedNo.2towin.

14.IAgree...

Womenhavethesamerightsasyou!

No!Womenshouldstayathome.

Dear,you'llbehomerightafterwork,won'tyou?

I'lltry,butImayhavetoworklate.

So,yousee...

Imaybewrong,butyourtheoryisallwrong,professor.

Pleasesign.

No,Idon'twantto.

Gentlemen!Can'tyouagreeonanything?

15.IPlan...

Ithoughthecoulddesignthemostbeautifuldepartmentstore,but...

Thedesignerisworkinghardonanewproject.

TheconcertwillbeheldSeptember14at10a.m.

AfterFlagstaff,we'llgotoSanDiego.

Toplanavacationtrip.

ThespacecraftisscheduledtoarriveatSaturnnextyear.

Ourplanisthebestandthesafest,yousee.

Whydon'tyouchangeyourroute?

TheU.S.willtakeoneroute,theJapantakeother.

Toplanamountainclimbingexpedition.

Now,let'sfindsomenewgirls.

Heisplanninghisfuturealready.

YouusethefrontdoorandI'llhittheback.

OK.Yourplansarealwayssuccessful.OK，

Thegangstersareplanningarobbery.

Ifhisplanworks,he'llearn100millionin10years.

changedmind

perishthethought

Learningisbetterthanhouseandland.

16.MayIAskYou...?

CouldIspeaktoyou,please?

Aren'tyoudressedtooformally?

Shefeelspityforhim.

Whathappened,guy?

Doyoulikefootball?

Sure.Areyouapro-golfer?

Didn'tyouorderthis?

Couldyoucarrymydoggieforme?

WhatcanIdo?

Whyareyouyelling?

Iwonderwhythey'reangry.

17.IsThat...?

Willshelikeit?

Iwonderwhathe'sdoing.

TellmewhereIcanpostthem.

Themailboxisoverthere.

Ithinkhe'sstillinbed.

Whatishedoingtoday?

Theyimagine,whatheisdoing.

Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?

Istheplaneleaving?

Whatisyourgirlfriend'sname?

CanItakemyvacation,sir?IwouldliketoseemymotherinMiami.

Jenny,doesshereallylivehere?

Couldyougivemesomecomments?

Don'tyouthinkshe'scute?

Iguessso,honey.

Howdootherracersfeel?

Who'sthesecond?

Yousawthatmovie,didn'tyou?Wasitinteresting?

Yes,butIdon'twantgodowntown.

Willourbabybeaboy?

Howmuchwillthehospitalbillbe?

Didn'tItellyouhe'ssamesizetome?

Wasn'thealittlebiggerthanyou?

Howwasit,sir?

Thedinnerwassuperb.Whocookedit?

18.CouldYou...?

Wouldyoupleaseputitontop?

Wedemandbetterpay.

Pleasebereasonable.

Dad,doyoumindifweusethisroom?

Willyoumarryme?

Wouldyoutakethemtomyroom?

Officer,givemeabreak.

I'vegotfourkidsathomeandnowife.

Wouldyoumeetme3:30?

19.DoIt,Now.

Ican'thelpit,sir.

You'vegotnoIDcard,boy!

ButI'llpay.Whynot?

You'rewaybehindschedule.

Getoutofthecar!You'redrunk.

Sorry,sir.Butit'sourgraduationday.

FlymetoCuba.Ihijacktheplane.

Givemetherocketandboat,andI'llgiveyouasucker.

Don'ttrusthim,he'slying.

Son!Don'tmakesuckanoisewhenyoueat.

Hi,thief!Wouldyoustopthatmusicforme?

Whoisit?Comedown.

Whocares!

Idon'tcarewhatyousay.

20.Oh,No,No...(1)

Oh,no!Nottoday,please!

No,Jack.Youmustgoon.

Hello!I'mfromABCInsurance.MayIspeaktoyou?

Nobody'sathome.

No.Can'tyouseethatrocketisalmostfallingdown.

Makelovenotwar!

No,No.Youcan'tdoitlikethat.

Youmustgotothemoon.It'syourduty.

Wewon'tgotowar.

Stopit,Apollo!

Idon'tlikeworkingonSunday.

Thisisourplayroad.

Wedon'tlikethemtopassthroughhere.1IfIamanOlympicVolunteer

I’mamiddleschoolstudent.IcanuseEnglishtocommunicatewithforeignguestsandforeignplayers.IwilltellthemChina’shistoryandculture.Forexample:TheGreatWall.IwillalsotellthemChina’ssomescientificachievements.Forexample:Chinesetrainprogresshistory.IcanhelpChineseplayerscleanthehouse.Letthemliveinthecleanhouse.Icanalsohelpthempicktheballs,bringthemtowels,andcleanclothes……

Inall,Iwilltrymybesttohelpthem.

2

Iamavolunteer

TheOlympicGameswillbeopenedupjustafteramonthin2008.Toadyisthevolunteerrecruitedday.Igotupearlierthanbefore,afterbreakfast,walkedtotheOlympicVillagefullofenthusiasm.

TheOlympicVillageisveryhilarious.Allofthepeopleareparticipatinginthevolunteerselectedtest.Thetestformmainlycarriesoninterviewwhichisdifferentfrommyschool’sfiveteachersmadeaterminwhichonepersonasksthequestionandotherfourpeoplerecordedsomethingonthepaper.

BecauseIhavemadeenoughpreparationthereforethequestionsofteacherhavenotbaffledmeatall.Fromexpressionofteacher,Icouldguestthatmyanswersweresatisfiedbythem.

Nosurprising,Ipassedthetest.Iwillbeavolunteerhonorable.

Iwassoexcitedthatcouldnotsleepthatevening.TheOlympicGamesopeningceremonyscenethatIhadseenbeforeflashedinmyheadcontinually,imagingthescenewhichIwasavolunteerin2008OlympicGamesinBeijing.

Iholdtheredgreenatour-guideflagwalkingalongtheWangfujingAvenue,theFrenchfootballteammemberwerewalkingbehindme.Look,QiDanei,myfavoritefootballstar.QiDaneikickedafootballintothesky,theballturnedintothemoonandhanginthesky,Iwassoexcitedandlshoutedloudly.

“Walkup!”Itismymother’ssound.Iopenedmyeyes.Oh,Ijusthadadream.Whatanicedream!TheGamesofthe29thOlympicin2008areawardedtothecityofBeijing."Withthemotto"NewBeijing,GreatOlympics",Beijingpromisestohosta"GreenOlympics",a"Hi-techOlympics"andthe"People'sOlympics".

ChinesepeoplealwaysappreciatethepurposesandprinciplesofOlympicideal,supporttheeffortsofOlympicGamestopromoteworldpeace.TheChineseGovernmentandpeoplearedoingourtheutmost/besttoprepareforthe2008OlympicGamesinBeijing,andshootingatthepageantwithadvocatingOlympicideal,sparkplugingworldpeaceandenhancingtherelationshipsamongtheworld.OlympicspiritaregonnaspreadagaininorientculturalancientChina.

ThegovernmentandpeopleofChinahavealwaysadmiredthepurposesandprinciplesoftheOlympicspiritandsupportedtheeffortsmadebytheOlympicsinpromotingworldpeace.TheChinesegovernmentandpeoplearedoingourutmostinpreparationforthe2008OlympicsinBeijing.ItisourhopetomakeitagrandgatheringthatwillcarryforwardtheOlympicspirit,promoteworldpeaceandenhancethefriendshipamongpeopleoftheworld,sothattheOlympicspiritwillflourishonceagain,thistimeinChina,anorientalcountrywithanancientcivilization.IHaveaDreambyMartinLutherKing,Jr.

Iamhappytojoinwithyoutodayinwhatwillgodowninhistoryasthegreatestdemonstrationforfreedominthehistoryofournation.

Fivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,inwhosesymbolicshadowwestandtoday,signedtheEmancipationProclamation.ThismomentousdecreecameasagreatbeaconlightofhopetomillionsofNegroslaveswhohadbeensearedintheflamesofwitheringinjustice.Itcameasajoyousdaybreaktoendthelongnightoftheircaptivity.

Butonehundredyearslater,theNegrostillisnotfree.Onehundredyearslater,thelifeoftheNegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.Onehundredyearslater,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.Onehundredyearslater,theNegroisstilllanguishedinthecornersofAmericansocietyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.Andsowe'vecomeheretodaytodramatizeashamefulcondition.

Inasensewe'vecometoournation'scapitaltocashacheck.WhenthearchitectsofourrepublicwrotethemagnificentwordsoftheConstitutionandtheDeclarationofIndependence,theyweresigningapromissorynotetowhicheveryAmericanwastofallheir.Thisnotewasapromisethatallmen,yes,blackmenaswellaswhitemen,wouldbeguaranteedthe"unalienableRights"of"Life,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness."ItisobvioustodaythatAmericahasdefaultedonthispromissorynote,insofarashercitizensofcolorareconcerned.Insteadofhonoringthissacredobligation,AmericahasgiventheNegropeopleabadcheck,acheckwhichhascomebackmarked"insufficientfunds."

Butwerefusetobelievethatthebankofjusticeisbankrupt.Werefusetobelievethatthereareinsufficientfundsinthegreatvaultsofopportunityofthisnation.Andso,we'vecometocashthischeck,acheckthatwillgiveusupondemandtherichesoffreedomandthesecurityofjustice.

Weha