2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号50

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Ozoneisabluishgasthatisharmfultobreathe.Nearly90%oftheEarth’sozoneisinthestratosphereandisreferredtoastheozonelayer.OzoneabsorbsabandofultravioletradiationcalledUVBthatisparticularlyharmfultolivingorganisms.Stratosphericozoneisconstantlybeingcreatedanddestroyedthroughnaturalcycles.Variousozonedepletingsubstanceshowever,acceleratethedestructionprocesses,resultinginlowerthannormalozonelevels.ReductionsinozonelevelswillleadtohigherlevelsofUVBreachingtheEarth’ssurface.Thesun’soutputofUVBdoesnotchange;rather,lessozonemeanslessprotection,andhencemoreUVBreachestheEarth.StudieshaveshownthatintheAntarctic,theamountofUVBmeasuredatthesurfacecandoubleduringtheannualozonehole.LaboratoryandepidemiologicalstudiesdemonstratethatUVBcausesnonmelanomaskincancerandplaysamajorroleinmalignantmelanomadevelopment.Inaddition,UVBhasbeenlinkedtocataracts.

DramaticlossofozoneinthelowerstratosphereoverAntarcticawasfirstnoticedinthe1970sbyaresearchgroupfromtheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS)whoweremonitoringtheatmosphereaboveAntarcticafromaresearchstation.Folklorehasitthatwhenthefirstmeasurementsweretakenin1975,thedropinozonelevelsinthestratospherewassodramaticthatatfirstthescientiststhoughttheirinstrumentswerefaulty.Replacementinstrumentswerebuiltandflownoutanditwasn’tuntiltheyconfirmedtheearliermeasurements,severalmonthslater,thattheozonedepletionobservedwasacceptedasgenuine.AnotherstorygoesthattheBASsatellitedatadidn’tshowthedramaticlossofozonebecausethesoftwareprocessingtherawozonedatafromthesatellitewasprogrammedtotreatverylowvaluesofozoneasbadreadings.LateranalysisoftherawdatawhentheresultsfromtheBritishAntarcticSurveyteamwerepublished,confirmedtheirresultsandshowedthatthelosswasrapidandlarge-scale;overmostoftheAntarcticacontinent.

Ozoneoccursnaturallyintheatmosphere.Theearth’satmosphereiscomposedofseverallayers.WeliveintheTroposphere,groundleveluptoabout10kmhigh,wheremostoftheweatheroccurssuch/asrain,snowandclouds.AbovethatistheStratosphere,animportantregioninwhicheffectssuchastheOzoneHoleandGlobalWarmingoriginate.ThelayernexttospaceistheExosphereandthengoinginwardstherearetheThermosphereandtheMesosphere.Supersonicpassengerjetsflyjustabovethetropospherewhereassubsoniccommercialairlinersareusuallywellinthetroposphere.ThenarrowregionbetweenthesetwopartsoftheatmosphereiscalledtheTropopause.Ozoneformsalayerinthestratosphere,thinnestinthetropicsanddensertowardsthepoles.Theamountofozoneaboveapointontheearth’ssurfaceismeasuredinDobsonunits(DU)—typically~260DUnearthetropicsandhigherelsewhere,thoughtherearelargeseasonalfluctuations.Itiscreatedwhenultravioletradiationintheformofsunlightstrikesthestratosphere,splittingoxygenmoleculestoatomicoxygen.Theatomicoxygenquicklycombineswithfurtheroxygenmoleculestoformozone.

TheOzoneHoleoftengetsconfusedinthepopularpressandbythegeneralpublicwiththeproblemofglobalwarming.Whilstthereisaconnectionbecauseozonecontributestothegreenhouseeffect,theOzoneHoleisaseparateissue.OverAntarctica(andrecentlyovertheArctic),stratosphericozonehasbeendepletedoverthelast15yearsatcertaintimesoftheyear.Thisismainlyduetothereleaseofman-madechemicalscontainingchlorinesuchasCFCs(Chlorofluorocarbons),butalsocompoundscontainingbromine,otherrelatedhalogencompoundsandalsonitrogenoxides.CFCsareacommonindustrialproduct,usedinrefrigerationsystems,airconditioners,aerosols,solventsandintheproductionofsometypesofpackaging.Nitrogenoxidesareaby-productofcombustionprocesses,forexampleaircraftemissions.

TheozonedepleteonprocessbeginswhenCFCsandotherozonedepletingsubstancesareemittedintotheatmospherewherewindsefficientlymixandevenlydistributethegases.CFCsareextremelystable,andtheydonotdissolveinrain.AfteraperiodofseveralyearsnaturalgasesinthestratospherecombinewithCFCsandthisreleaseschlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide.Theseinturnallreleasebromineatomsanditistheseatomsthatactuallydestroyozone.Itisestimatedthatonechlorineatomcandestroyover100,000ozonemoleculesbeforeitisremovedfromthestratosphere.

ThefirstglobalagreementtorestrictCFCscamewiththesigningoftheMontrealProtocolin1987ultimatelyaimingtoreducethembyhalfbytheyear2000.Tworevisionsofthisagreementhavebeenmadeinthelightofadvancesinscientificunderstanding,thelatestbeingin1992.Agreementhasbeenreachedonthecontrolofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbonsuntiltheyear2030.ThemainCFCswillnotbeproducedbyanyofthesignatoriesaftertheendof1995,exceptforalimitedamountforessentialuses,suchasformedicalsprays.ThecountriesoftheEuropeanCommunityhaveadoptedevenstrictermeasures.RecognizingtheirresponsibilitytotheglobalenvironmenttheyhaveagreedtohaltproductionofthemainCFCsfromthebeginningof1995.Itwasanticipatedthattheselimitationswouldleadtoarecoveryoftheozonelayerwithin50yearsof2000.TheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationestimated2045butrecentinvestigationssuggesttheproblemisperhapsonamuchlargerscalethananticipated.

1.ItisacommonmistaketoassociatetheOzoneHoleproblemwith（）.

2.Commonhouseholdappliancescontributeto（）.

3.Internationalagreementswilleventuallyleadto（）.

4.AnapocryphalBASstorycitesthatequipmentwaschangedtomeasure（）.

5.TheOzonelayerisdestroyedbyaby-productofCFCsreactingwith（）.

问题1选项

A.theissueoftheheatingupoftheearth’satmosphere

B.themeasurementofCFCsinDobsonunits

C.thedramaticlossofozoneinthelowerstratosphereoverAntarctica

D.thehigherlevelsofUVBreachingtheEarth’ssurface

问题2选项

A.globalwarming

B.thereleaseofaerosolsandsolvents

C.thestabilizationofCFCsintheair

D.thedischargeofsyntheticchemicalsintotheatmosphere

问题3选项

A.recentinvestigationsintothestrengthofDobsonUnits

B.thecessationofthereleaseofmostCFCgasesintotheatmosphere

C.thescientificunderstandingintheinternationalcommunity

D.thereductionofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbons

问题4选项

A.thelocationofthelayerrelativetotheearth

B.thesatelliteorbitingtheearth

C.therawdataofthedramaticlossofozone

D.theapparentlyanomalousreadingstakenearlier

问题5选项

A.thenormalcomponentsoftheearth’satmosphere

B.chlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide

C.aircraftemissions

D.atomicoxygen

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段的第一句话“TheOzoneHoleoftengetsconfusedinthepopularpressandbythegeneralpublicwiththeproblemofglobalwarming.（大众媒体把臭氧空洞和全球变暖问题搞混了。）”。A选项“地球大气层升温的问题”正确；B选项“以多布森单位测量氯氟烃”；C选项“南极洲上空平流层低层臭氧的显著损失”；D选项“到达地球表面的较高水平的中波”不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段，第四段说到臭氧会导致温室效应，臭氧层的破坏与人类释放含氯的人造化学品，以及含有溴的化合物、其他相关卤素化合物和氮氧化物有关，这些化合物通常存在于家用电器中，从而导致全球变暖，由此可知家用电器可能与全球变暖有关联。A选项“全球变暖”正确；B选项“气溶胶和溶剂的释放”；C选项“氯氟烃在空气中的稳定性”；D选项“合成化学物质排放到大气中”都不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段第三句话“Agreementhasbeenreachedonthecontrolofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbonsuntiltheyear2030.（已就到2030年控制许多卤化碳的工业生产达成协议。）”，由此可知国际协议最终将导致卤化碳的减少。A选项“最近对多布森单位力量的调查”；B选项“停止向大气中释放大部分氯氟烃气体”；C选项“国际社会对科学的理解”都不符合题意，D选项“工业生产中许多卤化碳的减少”符合题意，因此D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段第二句“Folklorehasitthatwhenthefirstmeasurementsweretakenin1975,thedropinozonelevelsinthestratospherewassodramaticthatatfirstthescientiststhoughttheirinstrumentswerefaulty.（民间传说，当1975年首次进行测量时，平流层的臭氧水平急剧下降，以至于起初科学家们认为他们的仪器出了问题。）”，由此可知科学家们更换仪器是为了测量差距过大的数据。A选项“这层相对于地球的位置”；B选项“卫星绕地球运行”；C选项“臭氧显著损失的原始数据”；D选项“明显不正常的读数”。因此D选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第五段的第二至四句话“CFCsareextremelystable,andtheydonotdissolveinrain.AfteraperiodofseveralyearsnaturalgasesinthestratospherecombinewithCFCsandthisreleaseschlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide.Theseinturnallreleasebromineatomsanditistheseatomsthatactuallydestroyozone.（氯氟烃非常稳定，不会在雨中溶解。几年后，平流层中的天然气与氯氟烃结合，释放出氯原子、哈龙和甲基溴。这些原子依次释放出溴原子，而正是这些原子破坏了臭氧）”。A选项“地球大气的正常组成部分”；B选项“氯原子，哈龙和甲基溴”；C选项“飞机排放”；D选项“原子氧”。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

SuchalarmsreflectedtheAlsop’stendencytocloaktheiranalysesinportentoustermsofdreadanddismay.

问题1选项

A.ominous

B.foppish

C.gregarious

D.remunerative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ominous“预兆的；不吉利的”；B选项foppish“浮华的；矫饰的；有纨绔习气的”；C选项gregarious“社交的；群居的”；D选项remunerative“有利可图的；有报酬的；合算的”。句意：这样的警告反映了阿尔索普家族倾向于用可怕的恐惧和沮丧来掩盖他们的分析。portentous“不祥的；预兆的；令人惊讶的”。A选项与该词意思最相近，因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Themarksmanwaitedforthepheasantto（）cover.

问题1选项

A.seek

B.break

C.get

D.take

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项seek“寻求；寻找；探索；搜索”；B选项break“打破；骨折；违犯；弄坏；失灵；打断；终止”；C选项get“使得；获得；受到；变成；成为；变得；到达”；D选项take“拿，取；带去；使达到；偷走；夺取；买下”。根据固定搭配breakcover“跳出来；跳出躲藏处；从隐藏处出来”可知该题选break。句意：狙击手等着这只野鸡从隐蔽处出来。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

A21-year-oldrecentconverttoIslamtriedtoblowupamilitaryrecruitingstationinaBaltimoresuburbonWednesday,ensnaringhimselfinastingoperationorchestratedbytheFederalBureauofInvestigation.

问题1选项

A.gambling

B.entrapping

C.enjoying

D.blaming

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项gambling“赌博；打赌”；B选项entrapping“使落入陷阱；使陷入困境；诱骗”；C选项enjoying“喜爱；饱览；享受；欣赏”；D选项blaming“归咎；责备；谴责”。句意：周三，一名新近皈依伊斯兰教的21岁男子试图炸毁巴尔的摩市郊区的一个征兵站，结果自己落入了美国联邦调查局（FBI）精心策划的圈套。ensnare“诱捕；诱入陷阱；进入罗网”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Caruthers’slatestliterarycriticism（）herreputationfortrenchantcommentary;despiteitsintriguingtitleandthefulsomepraiseonitsdustjacket,itisnothingmorethanacollectionof（）.

问题1选项

A.reinforces,pronouncements

B.advances,aphorisms

C.belies,platitudes

D.undermines,judgments

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词和名词辨析。A选项reinforces,pronouncements“加强，加固；强化；补充”，“声明；宣告；公告；判决”；B选项advances,aphorisms“提出；预付；使……前进；将……提前；前进；进展；上涨”，“格言；警句”；C选项belies,platitudes“掩饰；与……不符；使失望；证明……虚假错误”，“陈词滥调；平凡；陈腐”；D选项undermines,judgments

“破坏，渐渐破坏；挖掘地基”，“判断；裁判；判决书；辨别力”。句意：卡拉瑟斯最新的文学批评掩盖了她犀利评论的名声；尽管书名引人入胜，书皮上也有溢美之词，但这本书不过是陈词滥调的集合。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Somedonors,batteredbysomanyappealsforhelp,mayfindthemselvesbattlingcompassion

（）.

问题1选项

A.indolence

B.fatigue

C.vacuum

D.leave

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项indolence“懒散，懒惰，无痛”；B选项fatigue“疲劳，疲乏，杂役”；C选项vacuum“真空，空缺，空白，真空吸尘器”；D选项leave“离开，许可，同意，休假”。compassionfatigue“同情疲劳”。句意：一些捐助人，在如此多的求助面前不堪一击，可能会发现自己正在与同情疲劳作斗争。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Ifweacquiesce,we’llbeborrowing（）forthefuture.

问题1选项

A.pit

B.trouble

C.pitfall

D.storm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pit“矿井，深坑，陷阱”；B选项trouble“麻烦，烦恼，故障，动乱”；C选项pitfall“陷阱，圈套，缺陷，诱惑”；D选项storm“暴风雨，大动荡”。句意：如果我们默许，那么我们将在未来陷入到借贷麻烦中。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Thecommissionwouldfinditself（）ateveryturnifitsmemberscouldn’treachanagreement.

问题1选项

A.collided

B.savaged

C.crumbled

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项collided“（偶然）碰撞，冲突，（不同的观念、想法等）碰撞（而产生有趣结果）”；B选项savaged“乱咬，粗暴的对待，凶猛地攻击”；C选项crumbled“弄碎，破碎”；D选项hampered“阻碍，限制”。句意：如果委员们不能达成一致意见，该委员会将处处受阻。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

TheHumanStain,directedbyRobertBentonfromascreenplaybyNicholasMeyer,isanhonorableB+termpaperofamovie:sober,scrupulousandearnestlyrespectfulofitsliterarysource.Thisispreciselytheproblem:thatsource,PhilipRoth’s2000novelisnotespeciallysober,scrupulousorrespectful.Itisanangry,ungainlysquallyofabook,aclamorousdefenseofsexualvitalityinanageofPuritancensoriousnessandalyricalinquiryintothemysteriesofrace,oldageandrecent.Americanhistory.LikemuchofMr.Roth’srecentwork,TheHumanStainburstswithcharactersandideas,anditsapparentlyhaphazardorganizationdisguisesanelegantandcunningnarrativestrategy.

ThefilmmakersexplicateMr.Roth’sthemeswithadmirableclarityandcareandobservehischaracterswithdelicatefondness,buttheycannothopetoapproximatethebrillianceandrapacityofhisvoice,whichholdsallthenovels’disparateelementstogether.WithouttheactiveinterventionofMr.Roth’sintelligencethestoryfailstocohere.Itspeoplewanderthroughastrangelyartificiallandscape,andtheideashoverintheairabovethemlikecloudspaintedonabackdrop.

ZuckermanplayedbyGarySinisehasretreatedtoalakesidecabininNewEngland,hopingtofindpeaceandquietaftertwodivorcesandaboutofprostatecancer.

HissolitudeisinterruptedonenightbythearrivalofColemanSilkplayedbyAnthonyHopkins,aformerdeanandclassicsprofessoratnearbyAthenaCollege,whowasforcedtoresignafterbeingaccusedofmakingracistremarksduringalecture.Coleman,whosewifediedsuddenlyinthewakeofthescandal,wantstotakerevengeonhisformercolleaguesbywritingabook.HeputsthisprojectasideoncehefallsintoarevivifyingaffairwithFauniaFarleyplayedbyNicoleKidman,adamaged,desolateandilliterate34-year-oldwhodoesmenialjobsatthecollege,thepostofficeandalocaldairyfarmTheirsexualidyllismenacedbythefacultybusybodieswhochasedColemanfromhisjob,andalsobyFaunia’sformerhusband,Lester(EdHarris),aderangedVietnamveteranwhosuedtobeatherandnowstalksherinhisbigredpickuptruck.

Whatkeepsthemovie,whichopenstodaynationwide,fromdriftingintheSargassoSeaofliteraryhigh-mindednessisthevitalityoftheacting.Mr.Bentionisthekindofdirectorwhoseaffectionandrespectforactorsseepthroughthescreen;hissolicitudeseemstoopenthemup.

ThatMr.HopkinsandMs.Kidmanaremiscastisalmostaxiomatic.Ms.Kidmantriestoovercomethisbysheerforceofwill,strugglingtostiflehernaturalradiance,blunthercrystallinevoiceandblurherfinefeatures,andshecomesclosertosucceedingthanyoumightexpect.Mr.Hopkins,forhispart,mustbattleamoreglaringdiscrepancy,andhedoessowithswingingnonchalance.ColemanSilkisablackmanwhohaspassedforwhiteformostofhisadultlife,stylinghimselfasthefirstJewishclassicisteverhiredatAthena.

Thesepeculiaritiesofcastingmatterlessthantheymight;orratherhowmuchtheymatterchangesfromscenetoscene.Thefilmincludessomesex,aboxingmatchandanoccasionalburstofdancing,butmostoftheactionconsistsoftwocharactersinaroomtalking.Someofthesemoments-alateconfrontationbetweenLesterandZuckerman,abreakfasttablequarrelbetweenFaunniaandColeman,ameetingofthemindsbetweenFaunniaandalarge,cagedcrow-areawkwardlypacedandplaced,butmanyothersarealivewithhumanpainandheat.

Someofthebestperformancesareinsecondaryroles.JacindaBarrettiswonderfullytouchingasColeman’sfirstgreatlove,ablondMidwesternertowhomhedecides,heedlesslyandalittlecruelly,todivulgethesecretofhisrace.Ms.Snuth,herfaceamaskofmaternalstoicism,bringshomethetragedyofColeman’sdecisiontopassforwhitewithaspeechsodrilyandevenlyenunciatedthatitslaceratinginsightonlyregistersoncethecamerahasturnedaway.

Atitsbeat-whichalsotendstobeatitsquietes—TheHumanStainallowsyoubothtocareaboutitscharactersandtothinkaboutthelargerissuesthattheirlivesrepresent.Itsdeepestflawisaninabilitytolinkthosemomentsofempathyandinsightintoacontinuousdrama,tosuggestthatthecharacters’liveskeepgoingwhentheyarenotonscreen.Thefilm’spowerfulindividualscenesseemlikeexcerptsfromamissingwhole,well-appointedroomsinahousewhosebeamsandgirdershavebeencutaway.

1.ThehumanStainisa（）.

2.TheHumanStain（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingistheflawofTheHumanStainintheauthor’sopinion?

4.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeapossiblecommentmadebytheauthor?

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsTheHumanStainis（）.

问题1选项

A.respectablescreenplay

B.scrupulousnovel

C.characteristicbook

D.moviewithmanycharacters

问题2选项

A.Failstomakethestorycoherent

B.wasproducedbyagoodwriter

C.hasthebestactorsandactresses

D.isfullofmysteriouslandscapes

问题3选项

A.Itisnotfromagoodscreenplay.

B.Someactorsarenotsuitablefortheirroles.

C.Thereistoomuchtalkingbetweenpeople.

D.Ms.KidmanandMr.Hopkinsarepooractors.

问题4选项

A.TheHumanStainismysteriousandunscrupulous.

B.TheHumanStainissober,scrupulousandrespectful.

C.TheHumanStaindoesnottellusacoherentstory.

D.TheHumanStainwellrevealshumanweaknesses.

问题5选项

A.negative

B.positive

C.neutral

D.sympathetic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题题。由题干可定位到文章第一段第一句“TheHumanStain,directedbyRobertBentonfromascreenplaybyNicholasMeyer,isanhonorableB+termpaperofamovie:sober,scrupulousandearnestlyrespectfulofitsliterarysource.（改编自NicholasMeyer的剧本，由RobertBenton执导的《人性的污点》是一篇令人尊敬的关于电影的B+学期论文报告：冷静、谨慎、认真地尊重它的文学来源。）”。由此可知《人性的污点》是一篇学期论文报告。A选项“值得尊敬的剧本”；B选项“谨慎的小说”；C选项“特色书籍”；D选项“有许多角色的电影”，因此C选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据题干定位到文章第二段的第二句话“WithouttheactiveinterventionofMr.Roth’sintelligencethestoryfailstocohere.（如果没有Mr.Roth的参与，本书所述的衔接就成了问题）”。由此可知该书有一位很好的作者。A选项“不能使故事连贯”说法错误；B选项“是一位好作家写的”正确；C选项“有最好的男女演员”和D选项“充满了神秘的风景”文章都没有提到，因此B选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干定位到文章第六段第一句“ThatMr.HopkinsandMs.Kidmanaremiscastisalmostaxiomatic.（霍普金斯先生和基德曼女士选错角色几乎是不言自明的。）”。由此可知作者认为有些演员并不适合其角色扮演。A选项“它不是出自一个好的剧本”；C选项“角色之间的对话太多了”；D选项“基德曼女士和霍普金斯先生都是可怜的演员”都不符合题意，B选项“有些演员不适合他们的角色”符合题意，因此B选项正确。

4.作者意图题。根据全文可知，作者描述了《人性的污点》中的主要情节以及主要人物的命运，最后一段作者说道“Atitsbeat-whichalsotendstobeatitsquietest——TheHumanStainallowsyoubothtocareaboutitscharactersandtothinkaboutthelargerissuesthattheirlivesrepresent.（关于它的节奏，往往是最安静的——《人性的污点》让你既关心它的人物，并思考他们的生活所代表的更大的问题。）”，由此可知作者对该书的认识很深刻。A选项“《人类的污点》是神秘而不讲道德的”；B选项“《人类的污点》是冷静、细心、恭敬的”；C选项“《人类的污点》并没有告诉我们一个连贯的故事”；都不太符合题意。D选项“《人类的污点》充分暴露了人类的弱点”最符合题意，因此D选项正确。

5.观点态度题。由最后一段“Itsdeepestflawisaninabilitytolinkthosemomentsofempathyandinsightintoacontinuousdrama,tosuggestthatthecharacters’liveskeepgoingwhentheyarenotonscreen.（它最大的缺陷是无法将这些同理心和洞察力与持续不断的剧情联系起来，无法暗示出角色不在屏幕上时，他们的生活仍在继续。）”可知作者指出本书有成功的一面也有一些缺陷。A选项“消极的”、B选项“积极的”、D选项“同情的”都不正确，C选项“中肯的”符合题意，因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Accordingtotheconditionsofmyscholarship,afterfinishingmydegree（）.

问题1选项

A.myeducationwillbeemployedbytheuniversity

B.employmentwillbegiventomebytheuniversity

C.theuniversitywillemployme

D.Iwillbeemployedbytheuniversity

【答案】D

【解析】考查被动语态。该句强调的对象是“我”，因此主句的主语必须是“我”。句意：根据我奖学金的条件，在结束学习之后，我将被这所大学录用。A选项强调的是“myeducation”；B选项强调的是“employment”；C选项强调的是“theuniversity”；只有D选项强调的是“I”。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

Itwassopleasingtofindabreezeupthereallayingthefervidafternoon.

问题1选项

A.incendiary

B.incandescent

C.dispassionate

D.contumacious

【答案】B

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项incendiary“纵火的，煽动性的，能引起燃烧的，非常辣的”；B选项incandescent“辉耀的，炽热的，发白热光的”；C选项dispassionate“不带感情的，平心静气的，公平的”；D选项contumacious“不听命令的，反抗法院命令的，顽固的”。句意：看到微风吹过，缓和了炎热的下午，真是令人高兴。Fervid“热情的，炽热的，热心的，热的”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

Suchasanguineconclusionmayseemoddatatimewhenfuriousargumentsarenodoubtragingbehindthescenes.

问题1选项

A.puissant

B.sapient

C.propitious

D.berserk

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项puissant“强大的，强盛的；有势力的，有权力的”；B选项sapient“聪明的；伶俐的；装聪明样的；有见识的”；C选项propitious“适合的；有利的；顺利的”；D选项berserk“狂怒的，失控的：（激动得）控制不住的”。句意：在激烈的争论毫无疑问正在幕后肆虐之际，这样一个乐观的结论可能显得有些奇怪。sanguine“乐观的；满怀希望的；面色红润的”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

ThomasJefferson’sachievementsasanarchitectrivalhiscontributions（）apolitician.

问题1选项

A.such

B.than

C.as

D.more

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句式。As…as…“与……一样”。句意：托马斯•杰斐逊作为建筑师的成就与他作为政治家的贡献不相上下。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Yourattitudeshouldbethatofanemployeewho’stheretotalkaboutanewproject,ratherthanthemoreobsequiousattitudeofacandidatewho’shopingtogetanoffer.

问题1选项

A.aggressive

B.servile

C.humble

D.confident

【答案】B

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的，有进取心的，有闯劲的”；B选项servile“奴隶的，奴性的，卑屈的”；C选项humble“谦逊的，简陋的，（级别或地位）低下的，不大的”；D选项confident“自信的，确信的”。句意：你的态度应该是作为一名正在谈论新项目的员工，而不是一名希望得到工作机会的求职者的奉承态度。Obsequious“谄媚的，奉承的，顺从的”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Theverdictmetwitha（）ofcriticism.

问题1选项

A.hail

B.gust

C.tuft

D.fit

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项ahailof“一阵轰炸/打击/咒骂”；B选项agustof“一阵（风）”；C选项atuftof“一丛”；D选项afitof“突发一阵，阵发”。句意：这一判决遭到了一通批评。因此A选项正确。

16.单选题

Inappealingthecaseagain,youwilljustbekickingagainstthe（）.

问题1选项

A.pricks

B.balls

C.guns

D.winds

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项pricks“（v.）戳；扎破；（使）感到刺痛；（眼睛）发酸；（使）内心痛苦；驱使；（使）耳朵竖起；（n.）扎；戳孔；沮丧；赶牛棒；笨蛋；穿刺；针刺感；卑鄙的人”；B选项balls“（n.）球；（v.）把……捏成球状”；C选项guns“（n.）枪支；枪状物；持枪歹徒；（v.）用枪射击；加大油门快速前进；向……开枪；开大油门”；D选项wind“（n.）风；呼吸；气味；卷绕；（v.）缠绕；上发条；使弯曲；吹号角；绕住或缠住某人”。根据固定搭配kickagainstthepricks“以卵击石；徒劳的抵抗”可知该题选pricks。句意：你再提起上诉，那是在以卵击石。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

Criticscalledtheproposala（）gamethatisnoteasilyrecognizable.

问题1选项

A.board

B.ball

C.home

D.shell

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项board“木板，甲板，膳食，董事长”；B选项ball“球，舞会”；C选项home“家，住宅，产地，家乡，避难所”；D选项shell“壳，贝壳，炮弹，外形”。shellgame为固定搭配，意为“骗局”。句意：批评人士称该提议是一场难以辨认的骗局。因此C答案正确。

18.单选题

CreditingallgoodtoMr.Obama’sleadershipandallbadtoRepublicanobstructionism,asMr.Cassidydoes,maynotbeentirelyhonest,butitdoeshavetheconsiderablevirtueoffreeingMr.ObamaoftheburdenofrunningasafecklesswimpstymiedbyRepublicanbullying.

问题1选项

A.obstructed

B.quipped

C.grunge

D.wrecked

【答案】A

【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项obstructed“阻塞，妨碍，遮住”；B选项quipped“嘲弄，讥讽”；C选项grunge“（仅为名词）蹩脚货，乏味的东西，难看的东西”；D选项wrecked“破坏，毁灭，（使）船舶失事，（使）遭遇沉船，毁船打劫，遭遇（船舶）失事，拆除”。句意：像卡西迪那样，把所有的好事都归功于奥巴马的领导，把所有的坏事都归功于共和党的阻挠，这可能不是完全诚实的，但它确实有相当大的好处，让奥巴马摆脱了竞选时被共和党的欺凌所束缚的软弱无能的负担。Stymy“阻挠，妨碍”，A选项与该词意思最相近，因此A选项正确。

19.单选题

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher:thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthesteinsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Howmanytheoriesdoestheauthormention?

2.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

3.Howbotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

5.Whatcausesthetensionthatdrawswaterupaplant?

问题1选项

A.OneC.Three

B.C.ThreeB.

C.ThreeB.Two

D.Four

问题2选项

A.Whatistheeffectofatmosphericpressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

问题3选项

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure.

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinaplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

问题4选项

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees.

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps.

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees.

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants.

问题5选项

A.Humidity

B.Plantgrowth

C.Rootpressure

D.Evaporation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.（根据目前公认的内聚力张力理论，水是被拉到那里的。）”，全文就只提及这一种理论，因此A选项正确。

2.主旨大意题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?（如果水不是被抽到高树的树顶，也不是被推到树顶，那么我们会问：它是怎么到树顶的?）”，由此可知全文是围绕水是怎么被送到树顶描写的。A选项“大气压力对树叶有什么影响？”；B选项“死细胞什么时候会损害植物生长？”；C选项“水是如何到达树顶的？”；D选项“为什么根压弱？”。因此C选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.（但是根系的压力还不足以把水推到高大的树顶。此外，针叶树是最高的树木之一，它们的根系压力非常低。）”，由此可知来自树根的压力不足以使水分运输到树顶，这其中肯定还有其他运输渠道存在。A选项“一些很高的树的根压很弱”；B选项“根系压力在冬季下降”；C选项“植物的根死后还能存活”；D选项“植物根中的水与茎中的水是不相连的”。因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的第一句话“Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.（大气压可以支撑一个高达10米的水柱。）”，由此可知该篇文章支持大气压把水吸引到高高的树顶。A选项“水被推到树顶”；B选项“植物学家已经证明活细胞起到泵的作用”；C选项“大气压力把水吸引到高高的树顶”；D选项“植物学家已经改变了他们关于水在植物中移动的理论”。因此C选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.（植物中上升的水柱的拉力是植物顶部水分蒸发的结果。）”，由此可知是水分的蒸发使然。A选项“湿度”；B选项“植物的生长”；C选项“根压”；D选项“蒸发”。因此D选项正确。

20.单选题

WhilehewasinBeijing,hespentallhistime（）someimportartmuseumsandbuildings.

问题1选项

A.visiting

B.traveling

C.watching

D.touring

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项visit“访问，拜访，看望，参观，访问”，指短期行为，更多用于动作，目的性较强；B选项travel“长途旅行，经过（某地区），（非正式）经受得住旅行，（物体，放射线）移动，行进，传送”，强调从某处过到另一处，或者已经完成的旅行；C选项watch“观看，注视，守候，看守”，强调专注地看/注视移动着的物体，如看电视，看球赛等；D选项tour“旅行，旅游，作巡回演出”，常用来形容整个旅行，强调旅行的过程。句意：当他在北京的时候，他把所有的时间都花在参观一些重要的艺术博物馆和建筑上。

21.单选题

Ajointcommunique,signedonAugust17,1982,arrestedtheprecipitousdeteriorationoftherelationsbetweenWashingtonandBeijingbutasalwaysseemedtopromisemorethanwouldbedelivered.

问题1选项

A.propitious

B.preci