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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher:thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthesteinsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.
Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.
1.Howmanytheoriesdoestheauthormention?
2.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?
3.Howbotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants?
4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?
5.Whatcausesthetensionthatdrawswaterupaplant?
问题1选项
A.OneC.Three
B.C.ThreeB.
C.ThreeB.Two
D.Four
问题2选项
A.Whatistheeffectofatmosphericpressureonfoliage?
B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?
C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?
D.Whyisrootpressureweak?
问题3选项
A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure.
B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.
C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.
D.Waterinaplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.
问题4选项
A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees.
B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps.
C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees.
D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants.
问题5选项
A.Humidity
B.Plantgrowth
C.Rootpressure
D.Evaporation
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:D
【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.(根据目前公认的内聚力张力理论,水是被拉到那里的。)”,全文就只提及这一种理论,因此A选项正确。
2.主旨大意题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?(如果水不是被抽到高树的树顶,也不是被推到树顶,那么我们会问:它是怎么到树顶的?)”,由此可知全文是围绕水是怎么被送到树顶描写的。A选项“大气压力对树叶有什么影响?”;B选项“死细胞什么时候会损害植物生长?”;C选项“水是如何到达树顶的?”;D选项“为什么根压弱?”。因此C选项正确。
3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.(但是根系的压力还不足以把水推到高大的树顶。此外,针叶树是最高的树木之一,它们的根系压力非常低。)”,由此可知来自树根的压力不足以使水分运输到树顶,这其中肯定还有其他运输渠道存在。A选项“一些很高的树的根压很弱”;B选项“根系压力在冬季下降”;C选项“植物的根死后还能存活”;D选项“植物根中的水与茎中的水是不相连的”。因此A选项正确。
4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的第一句话“Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.(大气压可以支撑一个高达10米的水柱。)”,由此可知该篇文章支持大气压把水吸引到高高的树顶。A选项“水被推到树顶”;B选项“植物学家已经证明活细胞起到泵的作用”;C选项“大气压力把水吸引到高高的树顶”;D选项“植物学家已经改变了他们关于水在植物中移动的理论”。因此C选项正确。
5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.(植物中上升的水柱的拉力是植物顶部水分蒸发的结果。)”,由此可知是水分的蒸发使然。A选项“湿度”;B选项“植物的生长”;C选项“根压”;D选项“蒸发”。因此D选项正确。
2.单选题
Itisfashionableinthesixtiesbutdefinitelypasseintheeighties.
问题1选项
A.clivose
B.demode
C.abrim
D.xenial
【答案】B
【解析】考查近义形容词辨析。A选项clivose“小山的,丘陵的”;B选项demode“陈旧的;老式的”;C选项abrim“充满着的”;D选项xenial“主客关系的;款待的”。句意:那在六十年代是时髦的,但在八十年代肯定是过时了。passe“已过盛年的;过时的;凋谢的”,B选项与该词词意最相近,因此B选项正确。
3.单选题
LegislativesuccesswillcomeifMr.Obamaisskillfulpoliticallyandisabletowranglesupport
()keylegislators()keymomentsintheprocess.
问题1选项
A.from,at
B.between,and
C.from,to
D.outof,on
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短语搭配。supportfrom“来自……的支持”,supportfromkeylegislators“来自主要议员的支持”;atkeymoment“在关键时刻”,因此A选项正确。
4.单选题
Inscientificstudies,supportingevidenceismuchmoresatisfyingtoreportthanarediscreditedhypotheses,but,infact,the()oferrorsismorelikelytobe()thanistheestablishmentofprobabletruth.
问题1选项
A.formulation,permitted
B.correction,ignored
C.detection,useful
D.accumulation,agreeable
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词与形容词辨析。A选项formulation,permitted“制订,规划;系统阐述;表达方式;制剂,配方”,“被允许的,可能的”;B选项correction,ignored“改正,修正”,“被忽视的;被忽略的”;C选项detection,useful“侦查,探测;发觉,发现;察觉”,“有用的,有益的;有帮助的”;D选项accumulation,agreeable“积聚,累积;堆积物”,“令人愉快的;适合的;和蔼可亲的”。句意:在科学研究中,报告支持的证据比不可信的假设更令人满意,但事实上,错误的积累比可能真理的建立更容易令人满意。因此D选项正确。
5.单选题
Idon’tbelieveyouaregoingtohavethematterlookedintotoday,()?
问题1选项
A.areyou
B.doyou
C.aren’tyou
D.don’tyou
【答案】A
【解析】考查反义疑问句用法。题干属于陈述部分为主从复合句的反义疑问句。一般有两种情况:当陈述部分为主从复合句“主语+从句”时,疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致,如HeknowsthatwhereIlive,doesn’the?;当陈述部分为Ithink(believe,suppose)that...等时,疑问部分通常与从句保持一致,如Idon’tthinkhewillcome,willhe?题干陈述部分为Idon’tbelieve(that)...从句部分为youaregoingtohave...,因此A选项正确。
6.单选题
CreditingallgoodtoMr.Obama’sleadershipandallbadtoRepublicanobstructionism,asMr.Cassidydoes,maynotbeentirelyhonest,butitdoeshavetheconsiderablevirtueoffreeingMr.ObamaoftheburdenofrunningasafecklesswimpstymiedbyRepublicanbullying.
问题1选项
A.obstructed
B.quipped
C.grunge
D.wrecked
【答案】A
【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项obstructed“阻塞,妨碍,遮住”;B选项quipped“嘲弄,讥讽”;C选项grunge“(仅为名词)蹩脚货,乏味的东西,难看的东西”;D选项wrecked“破坏,毁灭,(使)船舶失事,(使)遭遇沉船,毁船打劫,遭遇(船舶)失事,拆除”。句意:像卡西迪那样,把所有的好事都归功于奥巴马的领导,把所有的坏事都归功于共和党的阻挠,这可能不是完全诚实的,但它确实有相当大的好处,让奥巴马摆脱了竞选时被共和党的欺凌所束缚的软弱无能的负担。Stymy“阻挠,妨碍”,A选项与该词意思最相近,因此A选项正确。
7.单选题
OliveoilhasbeenoneofthestaplesoftheMediterraneandietforthousandsofyearsanditspopularityisgrowingrapidlyinotherpartsoftheworld.Itisoneofthemostversatileoilsforcookinganditenhancesthetasteofmanyfoods.Oliveoilistheonlytypeofvegetable/fruitoilthatcanbeobtainedfromjustpressing.Mostothertypesofpopularoils(cor,canola,etc.)mustbeprocessedinotherwaystoobtaintheoil.Anotherimportantbonusisthatoliveoilhasprovenhealthbenefits.Threebasicgradesofoliveoilaremostoftenavailabletotheconsumer:extraVirgin;VirginandOliveOil.Inadditiontothebasicgrades,oliveoildiffersfromonecountryorregiontoanotherbecauseofthetypesofolivesthataregrown,theharvestingmethods,thetimeoftheharvest,andthepressingtechniques.Thesefactorsallcontributetotheindividualcharacteristicsoftheoliveoil.
Olivetreesmustbeproperlycaredforinordertoachievegoodeconomicyields,careincludesregularirrigation,pruning,fertilizing,andkillingpests.Oliveswillsurviveonverypoorsiteswithshallowsoilsbutwillgrowveryslowlyandyieldpoorly.Deepsoilstendtoproduceexcessivelyvigoroustrees,alsowithloweryields.Theidealsiteforoliveoilproductionisaclayloamsoilwithgoodinternalandsurfacedrainage.Irrigationisnecessarytoproduceheavycropsandavoidalternatebearing.Thesitemustbefreeofhardwinterfrostsbecausewooddamagewilloccurattemperaturesbelow15°Fandalengthyspelloffreezingweathercanruinanychancesforadecentcrop.Thegrowingseasonalsomustbewarmenoughsofruitsmaturebeforeevenlightfallfrosts(usuallybyearlyNovember)becauseofpotentialdamagetothefruitandoilquality.Fortunatelyolivetreesareveryhardyinhotsummertemperaturesandtheyaredroughttolerant.
Thebestoliveoilsholdacertificatebyanindependentorganizationthatauthenticatesthestonegroundandcoldpressedextractionprocess.Inthisprocess,olivesarefirstharvestedbyhandattheproperstageofripenessandmaturity.Expertsfeelthathandharvesting,asopposedtomechanicalharvesting,eliminatesbruisingofthefruitwhichcausestartnessandoilacidity.Theolivesharvestedaretransferreddailytothemill.Thisisveryimportantbecausethisdailytransferminimizesthetimespentbetweenpickingandpressing.Someextravirginoliveoilproducersareknowntotransfertheolivesbymulti-tontrucksoverlongdistancesthatexposethefragilefruittocrushingweightandthehotsun,whichcausestheolivestobeginoxidizingandthusbecomingacidic.Inadditiontothetimelapsebetweenharvestingandpressing,oliveoilmustbeobtainedusingmechanicalprocessesonlytobeconsideredvirginorextravirgin.Ifheatand/orchemicalprocessesareusedtoproducetheoliveoilorifthetimelapseistoolong,itcannotbecalledvirginorextravirgin.
Onceatthemill,theleavesaresuckedawaywithairfansandtheolivesarewashedwithcirculatingpotablewatertoremoveallimpurities.Thefirststepofextractionismashingtheolivestocreateapaste.Theoil,comprising20%to30%oftheolive,isnestledinpocketswithinthefruit’scells.Theolivesarecrushedinamillwithtwogranitemillstonesrollingwithinametalbasin.Crushingandmixingtheolivesreleasestheoilfromthecellsoftheolivewithoutheatingthepaste.Asideshutteronthemill’sbasinallowsthemixedolivepastetobedischargedandappliedtoroundmats.Thematsarestackedandplacedundertheheadofahydraulicpressframethatappliesdownwardpressureandextractstheoil.Thefirstpressingyieldsthesuperiorqualityoil,andthesecondandthirdpressingsproduceinferiorqualityoil.Somesingleestateproducerscollecttheoilthatresultsfromjusttheinitialcrushingwhilemanyotherproducersuseanadditionalsteptoextractmoreoil.Theolivepulpisplacedonmatsconstructedwithhemporpolypropylenethatarestackedandthenpressedtosqueezethepulp.Oilandwaterfilterthroughthematstoacollectiontankbelow.Thewaterandoilarethenseparatedinacentrifuge.
Regardlessofthemethodusedforthefirstpressing,thetemperatureoftheoilduringproductionisextremelyimportantinordertomaintainthedistinctcharacteristicsoftheoil.Ifthetemperatureoftheoilclimbsabove86°F,itwillbedamagedandcannotbeconsideredcold-pressed.
Thefirstpressingoilcontainsthemost“polyphenols”,substancesthathavebeenfoundtobepowerfulantioxidantscapableofprotectingagainstcertaintypesofdisease.Thepolyphenolsarenottheonlysubstancesintheolivewithhealth-promotingeffects,buttheyarequiteuniquewhencomparedtoothercommonlyusedculinaryoilssuchassunflowerandsoy.Itisthesepolyphenolsthatreallysetextravirginoliveoilsapartfromanyotheroilandanyotherformofoliveoil.Themorerefinedtheoliveoilis,thesmallerthequantityofpolyphenols.
Theresultoftheproducer’seffortsisacoldpressedextravirginoliveoilwithhighqualitystandardsandorganolepticcharacteristics,whichgivetheoilitshealth-protectiveandaromaticproperties.
1.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTaffecttheindividualfeaturesofoliveoilsfromdifferentregions?
2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTpartofolivetreemanagement?
3.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemaindangeroffrost?
4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTaffectthe“extravirgin”oliveoilcertification?
5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
问题1选项
A.Pickingtechniques
B.Thedateofthepicking
C.Olivevarieties
D.Accesstowater
问题2选项
A.Carefulwatering
B.Replanting
C.Killingparasites
D.Feeding
问题3选项
A.Killstheolivetrees.
B.Thefruitwon’tmature.
C.Notenoughfruitwillbeproduced.
D.Theolivesproducedwillbesmallinsize.
问题4选项
A.Thetemperatureoftheextractionprocess.
B.Thetimegapbetweentreeandbottle.
C.Whichpressingtheoilistakenfrom.
D.Usingwaterintheextractionprocess.
问题5选项
A.Olivetreesdon’tneedaregularsupplyofwatertosurvive.
B.Noothercookingoilsapartfromoliveoilcontainpolyphenols.
C.Damagetoolivesbeforetheyarepressedcanaffectthetasteoftheoil.
D.Manyproducersextractedmoreoilafterthefirstpressingtoproducevirgin.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的第七句话“Inadditiontothebasicgrades,oliveoildiffersfromonecountryorregiontoanotherbecauseofthetypesofolivesthataregrown,theharvestingmethods,thetimeoftheharvest,andthepressingtechniques.(除了基本等级外,不同国家或地区的橄榄油也有所不同,原因在于所种植的橄榄的种类、收获方法、收获时间和压榨技术。)”,由此可知A选项“采摘技术”;B选项“收获时间”;C选项“橄榄的品种”都会影响橄榄油的特性,只有D选项“供水”不会影响,因此D选项正确。
2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段第一句话“Olivetreesmustbeproperlycaredforinordertoachievegoodeconomicyields,careincludesregularirrigation,pruning,fertilizing,andkillingpests.(为了获得良好的经济产量,橄榄树必须得到适当的护理,护理包括定期灌溉、修剪、施肥和灭虫。)”,由此可知A选项“小心灌溉”;C选项“灭虫”;D选项“喂养”都是橄榄树护理的一部分,只有B选项“再植”不是,因此B选项正确。
3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段的第六句话“Thesitemustbefreeofhardwinterfrostsbecausewooddamagewilloccurattemperaturesbelow15°Fandalengthyspelloffreezingweathercanruinanychancesforadecentcrop.(该地点必须不受严冬霜冻的影响,因为在15°F以下的温度下,橄榄树会受到损害,而一段时间的严寒天气可能会毁掉一个好收成的机会。)”,由此可推断出霜冻会杀死橄榄树。B选项“水果不会成熟”;C选项“水果产量不够”;D选项“所生产的橄榄体积较小”都是附带提及,只有A选项“杀死橄榄树”才是主要的危险。因此A选项正确。
4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Thisisveryimportantbecausethisdailytransferminimizesthetimespentbetweenpickingandpressing.(这是非常重要的,因为每天的转换将采摘和按压之间的时间减少到最小。)”和“Ifheatand/orchemicalprocessesareusedtoproducetheoliveoilorifthetimelapseistoolong,itcannotbecalledvirginorextravirgin.(如果用加热和/或化学方法生产橄榄油,或者时间间隔太长,就不能称之为初榨或特级初榨橄榄油。)”,由此可知除了采摘和压榨时间考究外,还有热量和化学过程需要注意。A选项“提取过程的温度”;B选项“树和瓶子之间的时间间隔”;C选项“用哪种方式压榨”都会影响“特级初榨”橄榄油认证,只有D选项“在提取过程中用水”文章没有提到,因此D选项正确。
5.细节事实题。A选项“橄榄树不需要定期供水来生存”说法错误,文章第二段就提到了橄榄树需要定期灌溉;B选项“除橄榄油外,没有其他食用油含有多酚”文章没有提及;C选项“橄榄压榨前的损坏会影响油的味道”说法正确,文中第三段有说到橄榄受到损害后会呈酸性;D选项“许多生产商在第一次压榨后提取了更多的油来生产初榨油”说法错误,文中第四段说到“Somesingleestateproducerscollecttheoilthatresultsfromjusttheinitialcrushingwhilemanyotherproducersuseanadditionalsteptoextractmoreoil.(一些单一的地产生产商只收集最初压榨产生的油,而许多其他生产商使用额外的步骤来提取更多的油。)”因此C选项正确。
8.单选题
Packagingworkersseemtogofasterwhentheygettheir()windafteracupofcoffee.
问题1选项
A.second
B.third
C.sixth
D.seventh
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项second“(num.)第二;居第二位的;另外的;(adj.)第二的;另外的;次要的;(n.)秒;瞬间;第二名;二等品;(v.)支持,附议;临时调派”;B选项third“(num.)第三;三分之一;(n.)三分之一;三等学位;(adj.)第三的;三分之一的”;C选项sixth“(n.)第六;(比赛或竞赛的)第六名;六分之一;六年级;六度音程;六度音;(adj.)(与the连用)第六的,第六个的;六分之一的”;D选项seventh“(num.)第七;(n.)七分之一;(比赛或竞赛的)第七名;第七(用来引出第七个要点或原因);(音乐)七度音程,七度和弦;(adj.)第七的;七分之一的;(adv.)居第七位地;第七点(用来引出第七个要点或原因)”。根据固定搭配getone’ssecondwind“再度恢复精力和力量”可知该题选second。getthewindupsomeone“使受到惊吓,使担心害怕”。句意:包装工人在喝了一杯咖啡后恢复了体力,工作速度变快了。因此A选项正确。
9.单选题
TheGermancompanyretaineda()positioninhormoneresearch.
问题1选项
A.chair
B.pole
C.soap
D.floor
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项chair“椅子;讲座;主席位;大学教授的职位”;B选项pole“杆;极点;电极”;C选项soap“肥皂;将肥皂涂在……上;对……拍马屁”;D选项floor“地板,地面;楼层;基底;议员席”。poleposition指的是方程式赛车中的“竿位”,即决赛中排在第一位出发的选手。“竿位”由决赛前排位赛中成绩最好的车手获得。此外,poleposition还可表示“跑道内圈;有利位置”。句意:这家德国公司在激素研究方面保持着有利地位。因此B选项正确。
10.单选题
AnemergencyrightsissuebyHBOSwasaflop:only8.3%oftheBritishbank’ssharesweretakenupbyinvestors.
问题1选项
A.misfeasance
B.washout
C.flame
D.optima
【答案】B
【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项misfeasance“过失;行为失检;不当行为”;B选项washout“冲刷;失败者”;C选项flame“火焰;热情;光辉”;D选项optima“最合适条件;最佳状态”。句意:苏格兰哈里法克斯银行(HBOS)的一次紧急配股发行失败了:投资者只认购了这家英国银行8.3%的股份。flop“彻底失败,不成功;沉重、松散又笨拙的动作”,B选项与该词意思最相近,因此B选项正确。
11.单选题
Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.
Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavatorsgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatcomesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.
Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance—morethan4,000examplessofar.
Thebasementofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.
Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.
Itwouldbeunrealistictosuggestthatillegaldicingwouldstopifartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket.Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.Whowouldwantanunmarkedpotwhenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown,andthatwasdatedstratigraphicallybytheprofessionalarchaeologistwhoexcavatedit?
1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose().
2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?
3.Theauthor’sargumentconcerningtheeffectoftheofficialsaleofduplicateartifactsonillegalexcavationisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?
4.Theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposal?
5.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwouldoccurifduplicateartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket?
I.Illegalexcavationwouldeventuallyceasecompletely.
II.Cypruswouldbecometheprimarysourceofmarketableduplicateartifacts.
III.Archaeologistswouldbeabletopublishtheresultsoftheirexcavationsmorefrequentlythantheycurrentlydo.
问题1选项
A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts
B.awaytocurbillegaldicingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession
C.awaytodistinguishartifactswithscientificvaluefromthosethathavenosuchvalue
D.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites
问题2选项
A.Museumofficialsrarelyallowscholarsaccesstosuchartifacts.
B.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.
C.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.
D.Suchartifacts’oftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.
问题3选项
A.Prospectivepurchaserswouldprefertobuyauthenticatedartifacts.
B.Thepriceofillegallyexcavatedartifactswouldrise.
C.Computerscouldbeusedtotracesoldartifacts.
D.Moneygainedfromsellingauthenticatedartifactscouldbeusedtoinvestigateandprosecuteillegalexcavators.
问题4选项
A.Museumofficialswillbecomeunwillingtostoreartifacts.
B.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.
C.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.
D.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.
问题5选项
A.Ionly
B.IIIonly
C.IandIIIonly
D.IIandIIIonly
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:D
【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干定位到文章第二段“Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.(我想提出一个令人发指的建议,政府应为考古学提供资金,并减少非法挖掘的数量。)”。A选项“博物馆文物陈列的替代品”;B选项“在有益于考古行业的同时遏制非法挖掘的方法”;C选项“区分有科学价值和没有科学价值的文物的方法”;D选项“政府对考古遗址的管制”。联系全文可知B选项更符合题意。
2.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第四段“Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.(甚至没有足够的钱来整理这些发现;结果,它们再也找不到了,变得像从未被发现过一样难以接近。)”。A选项“博物馆官员很少允许学者接触这些文物”;
B选项“占用了可以更好地用于展示的空间用于存储”;C选项“在发掘中发现的文物往往彼此分离”;D选项“这类工件通常保持未编目状态,因此一旦放入存储中就无法定位”。因此D选项正确。
3.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第二段“Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.(我建议,科学的考古考察和政府当局在公开市场上出售发掘出来的文物。这种销售将为挖掘和保存考古遗址以及公布结果提供大量资金。)”。A选项“潜在购买者更愿意购买经过认证的文物”;B选项“非法挖掘文物的价格会上涨”;C选项“计算机可以用来追踪出售的文物”;D选项“出售经过鉴定的文物所得的钱可以用来调查和起诉非法挖掘者”。因此D选项正确。
4.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章最后一段“Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.(但对这种秘密产品的需求将大大减少。)”由此可知复制的工件会供过于求,于是这些工件会大量涌现,最终会导致对这些畅销品的需求下降。因此B选项正确。
5.判断推理题。由题干可定位到文章第三段“InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard…(在塞浦路斯的一次小型发掘中,考古学家最近在一个院子里发现了2000个几乎无法辨认的小陶罐。)”,由此可推断出塞浦路斯可能会成为复制品的主要市场来源。A选项“非法挖掘最终将完全停止”说法太过绝对化,文章并未提到完全终止。B选项“考古学家将能够比现在更频繁地公布他们的发掘成果”,如果复制工件合法化,考古学家会更愿意公开他们的挖掘成果。因此D选项正确。
12.单选题
Whatismostimportanttothemonkeysinthesanctuaryisthattheyareagroup;thisissobecauseprimatesareinveterately()andbuildtheirlivesaroundeachother.
问题1选项
A.independent
B.proprietary
C.social
D.stable
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项independent“独立的;单独的;无党派的;不受约束的”;B选项proprietary“专卖的,专营的;所有的,所有权的”;C选项social“社会的,社交的;群居的”;D选项stable“稳定的,牢固的;稳重的,沉稳的;持久的”。句意:对于禁猎区的猴子而言,最重要的一点是它们是一个群体;这之所以如此,是因为灵长目动物具有一种根深蒂固的群居习性,均围绕着对方而营造其生活。
13.单选题
Ittakesall()tomakeaworld.
问题1选项
A.peoples
B.colors
C.functions
D.sorts
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项peoples“人;人类;民族;公民”;B选项colors“彩色;颜料;脸色”;C选项functions“功能;智能;函数”;D选项sorts“种类;程度;品质;把……分类,整理;区分;挑选”。Ittakesallsortstomakeaworld.是一句谚语,意为“一种米养百种人”,表示世界是形形色色的人所组成的。因此D选项正确。
14.单选题
Theproposedchangeinthefederalestatetax,inthedealworkedoutwithPresidentObamaandCongressionalRepublicans,hasramificationsfortheCaliforniaestatetax.
问题1选项
A.outcome
B.projections
C.recommendations
D.prospects
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项outcome“结果,结局;成果”;B选项projections“投射;规划;突出;发射;推测”;C选项recommendations“推荐;建议;推荐信”;D选项prospects“前景;预期;潜在顾客;远景展望”。句意:根据与奥巴马总统和国会共和党人达成的协议,联邦遗产税的拟议修改对加州遗产税有影响。ramifications“衍生物;分支,分叉;支流;(衍生的)结果、影响”,A选项与该词意思最相近,因此A选项正确。
15.单选题
ThiscrisiswilltestthePrimeMinister’smettle.
问题1选项
A.plan
B.judgment
C.stamina
D.knowledge
【答案】C
【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项plan“计划,平面图”;B选项judgment“判断,裁判,判决书,辨别力”;C选项stamina“耐力,持久力,毅力”;D选项knowledge“知识,学问,知道,认识,学科”。句意:这场危机将考验首相的勇气。Mettle“勇气,气质,耐力”,C选项与该词意思最相近,因此D选项正确。
16.单选题
Oftenthedifficultiesofgrowingupinthepubliceyecausechildprodigiesto()theworldofachievementbeforereachingadulthood;happily,theysometimeslaterreturntocompetitionandsucceedbrilliantly.
问题1选项
A.ridicule
B.retirefrom
C.examine
D.conquer
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ridicule“嘲笑,奚落”;B选项retirefrom“退休;退出;从……退休”;C选项examine“检查;调查;检测;考试”;D选项conquer“战胜,征服;攻克,攻取”。句意:在公众的目光下成长的困难往往导致神童在成年之前就从成就的世界中退休;令人高兴的是,他们有时会在竞争中获胜。因此B选项正确。
17.单选题
Shedidn’t()matters;shejusttoldhimhewasuseless.
问题1选项
A.worsen
B.complicate
C.decide
D.mince
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项worsen“更坏的;更差的;更糟,更坏”;B选项complicate“使复杂化;使恶化;使卷入”;C选项decide“决定;解决;判决;决定,下决心”;D选项mince“切碎;矫揉造作地说;装腔作势;碎步走”。句意:她没有把事情复杂化;她只是说他没用。因此B选项正确。
18.单选题
Tenyearsoflivingwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orA.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle;Dr.JulesLodishtypeswithtwitchesofhischeek,detectedbyasensorclippedtothisglasses.Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:“Istilllookforwardtoday.”
A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.Theprospectofbeingtrappedinaninertbodyandbeingtotallydependentonothersdrivesmanysuffererstosuicide.
WhenAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftattackedanOregonlawallowingdoctor-assistedsuicidein2001—acasethatisstillworkingitswaysthroughthelegalsystem—patientswiththediseasewereamongthosewhosupportedthelawincourt.
Butwhilethelegalcaseandmuchofthenationalattentionhavefocusedontheissueoftherighttodie,lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.
Withadequatemedicalcare,patientsoftencanliveforyearsrelativelyfreeofphysicalpainfromthediseaseitself.“It’smoreasortofexistential,psychicsortofpain,”saidDr.LeoMcCluskey,aneurologistinPhiladelphiawhotreatsmanypeoplewiththedisease.
Asaresult,patientsandtheirfamiliesareforced,onadailybasis,totakestockofthemeaningandqualityoftheirlivesandtomakerepeateddecisionsabouthowmuchistoomuch.
“WithA.L.S.,youhaveachoiceaboutwhentostoptreatment,lett
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