2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号39

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Ahighlifeexpectancycoupledwithahighcrudebirthrate[A]makesitdifficulttoincreasepercapitaGNP.Finally,peoplehavedifferentviewson[B]whatistheproperrateofpopulation.Somefeelthattheearthistoocrowdedalreadyand[C]thatsocietiesshouldworkforzeropopulationgrowth—theconditioninwhichtheaveragenumberofbirthsanddeaths[D]balancessothatapopulationstopsgrowing.

问题1选项

A.makesitdifficult

B.what

C.that

D.balances

【答案】B

【解析】考查宾语从句。B选项处为宾语从句，如果使用what，主谓应为正序：whattheproperrateofpopulationis。因此此处应将what改为which。

2.单选题

Alternatively,itcanbepresentedbyacarefularrangementofobjectivefacts,wherepsychologicaldevelopmentisdescribedpurelyintermsofbehavior,andwherethereader’ssubjectiveresponseiselicitedbytheminutedescriptionsofphysicalreality,asinthegreatestChinesenovelslikeTheDreamoftheRedChamber,whichconvincesthereaderthatthroughthenovelheisseeingrealityitselfratherthananartfullycontrivedsemblanceofreality.

问题1选项

A.appearance

B.criticism

C.occurrence

D.contrast

【答案】A

【解析】句中引用了红楼梦，说到它让读者相信自己通过小说看到的是现实本身，划线部分是对比，而不是现实的……。可知semblance应表示“假象；表象”等含义。A选项appearance“外貌；露面”；B选项criticism“批评；考证”；C选项occurrence“发生；出现；事件”；D选项contrast“对比；反差”。因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefense,andofcoursemakinga（

）researchcontributioninyourarea.

问题1选项

A.heart-broken

B.record-breaking

C.back-breaking

D.ground-breaking

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项heart-broken“极其伤心的”；B选项record-breaking“破纪录的”；C选项back-breaking“使人筋疲力尽的”；D选项ground-breaking“独创的；开拓性的”句意：顶尖的博士课程设置了一个令人难以置信的高标准:大量的课程学习、教学经验、资格考试、论文答辩，当然还有对你所在领域的研究做出……的贡献。学术需要的是独创性，而不是破纪录，因此D选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Mypurposeistoconsiderif,inpoliticalsociety,therecanbeanylegitimateandsureprincipleofgovernment,takingmenastheyareandlawsastheymightbe.InthisinquiryIshalltryalwaystobringtogether（

）with（

）sothatjusticeandutilityareinonewaydivided.

问题1选项

A.whichrightpermitted...whichinterestprescribed

B.whatrightpermits...whichinterestprescribed

C.whatrightpermits...whatinterestprescribes

D.whichrightpermitted...whatinterestprescribes

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句。由选项和空格前动词短语bringtogether“使结合”可知此题考点，with连接的两个部分作宾语。which和what都可引导宾语从句，但what指代的对象没有限定范围，而which受限制。由句意判断此处应表示“权利允许的一切以及利益要求的一切”，因此都应用what引导。C选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Theyhavedevelopedcomputersthatcanunderstandthingspeoplesay,andcannowgivea[A]meaninganswer.Buthumanintelligenceisbetterthanhavinga[B]goodmemory.Itmaybe[C]possibletobuildcomputersthatcanrememberalotmorethanthehumanbrain.[D]Buthumanscandoalotmore.

问题1选项

A.meaning

B.good

C.possible

D.But

【答案】A

【解析】考查词性混用。A选项修饰的词语是answer，因此meaning应改为形容词性的meaningful“有意义的”。

6.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.这些新设立的企业带动了上千万人就业，而且成长性强，是中国经济增长新的支撑力量。我们不仅降低市场准入门槛，采取“雪中送炭”的政策支持这些新设企业，还加强事中事后监管、创造公平竞争的市场环境，织密社会保障安全网、让创业创新者无后顾之忧，培植企业健康成长的沃土。

2.中国是医疗卫生领域国际合作的倡导者、推动者和践行者，始终致力于实现国际人口与发展大会行动纲领，全面落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程特别是健康领域可持续发展目标，积极开展对外医疗援助和全球应急处置，认真履行健康领域国际公约，勇于承担国际人道主义责任。

3.贫困的广泛存在严重妨碍人权的充分实现和享有。减缓和消除贫困，是人权保障的重要内容。多年来，中国政府坚持消除贫困、改善民生、逐步实现共同富裕，持续开展以农村扶贫开发为中心的减贫行动，努力实现脱贫致富。

【答案】1.Thesenewbusinesshavegeneratedmorethan10millionjobs,andhavebecomeanewpillarofChina’seconomicgrowththankstotheirstronggrowthprospect.Wehavenotonlyloweredthethresholdofmarketaccessbyofferingmuch-neededpolicysupporttothesenewly-establishedbusinesses,butalsoenhancedon-goingandex-postoversight,createdamarketenvironmentfeaturingfaircompetition,andimprovedthesocialsecuritynetwork,sothatthoseinvolvedinentrepreneurshipandinnovationwillhavenoadditionalworriesandwillgrowhealthilyonthelandwehavefosteredforthem.

2.Chinaadvocates,promotesandcarriesoutinternationalmedicalandhealthcooperation.ItisfirmlycommittedtorealizingtheProgramofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment,andimplementingtheUnitedNations2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment,especiallysustainabledevelopmentgoalsrelatingtohealth.Chinaactivelyprovidesmedicalaidtoothercountries,andpromptlyconductsglobalemergencyresponses.Itearnestlyimplementsinternationalhealthconventionsandshouldersitsinternationalhumanitarianresponsibilities.

3.Povertyissowidespreadthatithasseriouslyhinderedthefulfilmentandenjoymentofhumanrights;reducingandeliminatingpovertyisthereforeamajorelementofhumanrightsprotection.Overtherecentdecades,theChinesegovernmenthaspreservedinitsattempttoeliminatepoverty,improvepeople’swell-being,andgraduallyrealizecommonprosperity.Ithasmadecontinuousdevelopment-orientedpoverty-reductioneffortsinruralareastohelpthosewhoarestrivingtoescapefrompovertyandimprovethequalityoftheirlives.

7.单选题

Conradproduced13novels,2volumesofmemoirs,and28shortstories.Hislifeatsea（

）thebackgroundformuchofhiswriting.

问题1选项

A.rendered

B.furnished

C.conceded

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项render“致使；提出”；B选项furnish“提供；供应；装备”；C选项concede“让步；承认”；D选项ascribe“归因于；归咎于”。句意：康拉德创作了13部小说、2卷回忆录和28篇短篇小说。他在海上的生活……他大部分写作的背景。联系句意可知B选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Bytheearlyeighthcentury,theByzantineempirehadlostroughlytwo-thirdsoftheterritoryithadpossessedintheyear600,anditsremainingareawasbeingraidedbyArabsandBulgarians,whoattimesthreatenedtotakeConstantinopleand（

）theempirealtogether.

问题1选项

A.regain

B.diminish

C.extinguish

D.withstand

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项regain“恢复；收回”；B选项diminish“减少；缩小”；C选项extinguish“熄灭；使破灭，消除”；D选项withstand“抵挡；反抗”。句意：到8世纪初，拜占庭帝国已经失去了公元600年所拥有的大约三分之二的领土，其剩余的领土遭到阿拉伯人和保加利亚人的袭击，他们有时威胁要占领君士坦丁堡，把整个帝国……。由句意可知，C选项符合题意。

9.单选题

AlexandertheGreat’sconquestsintheEasternMediterraneaninitiatedaseriesofprofoundculturaltransformationsintheancientcentersofurbancivilizationoftheFertileCrescent.Thefinaldestructionofnativeruleandtheimpositionofanalienelitecultureinstigatedaculturaldiscourse—Hellenism—whichirrevocablymarkedallparticipants,bothconquerorsandtheconquered.Thisdiscoursewasparticularlycharacterizedbyatransformationofindigenousculturaltraditions,necessitatedbytheirneedtonegotiatetheirplaceinanewsocialorder.AsBowerstockhasargued,theprocessofHellenizationdidnotaccomplishthewholesalereplacementofindigenousculturaltraditionswithGreekcivilization.Instead,itprovidedanewculturalvocabularythroughwhichmuchpre-existingculturaltraditionwasoftenabletofindnewexpression.Thisphenomenonisespeciallyintriguingasitrelatestolanguageandliteracy.TheancientcivilizationsoftheSyro-MesopotamianandEgyptianculturalsphereswere,ofcourse,literate,possessingindigenousliterarytraditionsalreadyofgreatantiquityatthetimeoftheMacedonianconquests.ThedisenfranchisementoftraditionalelitesbytheimpositionofGreekrulehadtherelatedeffectofdisplacingmanyofthetraditionalsocialstructureswhereinindigenousliteracyfunctionedandwastaught—inparticular,theinstitutionsofthepalaceandthetemple.Anewlanguageofpower,Greek,replacedthetraditionallanguageoftheseinstitutions.Thishadtheunavoidableeffectofdisplacingthetraditionalwritingsystemsassociatedwiththeseindigenouslanguages.Traditionalliteracy’slongstandingassociationwiththecentersofsocialandpoliticalauthoritybegantobeeroded.

Naturally,theeclipseoftraditional,indigenousliteracydidnotoccurovernight.ThedeclineofCuneiformandHieroglyphicliteracieswasalengthyprocess.Norwasthenatureoftheirrespectivedeclinesidentical.Akkadian,theancientlanguageofMesopotamiancourtandtempleculture,vanishedforever,alongwithcuneiformwriting,inthefirstcenturyCE.EgyptianlivedonbeyondthedisappearanceofhieroglyphicinthefourthcenturyCEintheguiseofCoptic,tosuccumbasaliving,spokenlanguageofdailysocialintercourseonlyaftertheIslamicconquestofEgypt.Eventhen,CopticsurvivestothisdayastheliturgicallanguageoftheCopticOrthodoxChurch.Thislatterpointdrawsattentiontoanaspectofthedeclineoftheseindigenousliteraciesworthyofnote:itisinthesphereofreligionthattheseliteraciesareoftenpreservedlongest,aftertheyhavebeensupersededinpalacecircles—thelastdatedcuneiformtextwehaveisanastrologicaltext;thelastdatedhieroglyphictextisavotivegraffito.Thisshouldcauselittlesurprise.Thesphereofreligionisgenerallyoneofthemostconservativeofculturalsubsystems.Thelocalneedtonegotiatethenecessitiesofdailylifeandindividualandcollectiveidentityembodiedintraditionalreligiousstructuresisslowtochangeandexistsinongoingdialoguewiththemorereadilychangeableroyaland/orstateideologiesthatbindvariouslocalestogetherinaninstitutionalframework.

Theprocessof“Hellenization”oftheancientculturesoftheEasternMediterraneanprovidesus,then,withanopportunitytoobservetheon-goingeffectontraditional,indigenousliteracyoftheimpositionofanewstatuslanguagepossessedofitsowndistinctwritingsystem.Theculturalpoliticsofwrittenandspokenlanguage-useinsuchcontextshasbeenmuchdiscussedanditisclearthattheprocessesleadingtotheadoptionofanewlanguage—inwrittenform,orspokenform,orboth—insomeculturalspheresandtheretentionoftraditionallanguagesinothersarecomplex.Factorsincludingtheimpositionofanewlanguagefromabove,adoptionofanewlanguageofsocialprestigefrombelow,aswellaspreservationofolderidiomsoftraditionalstatusincoreculturalinstitutions,musthaveaffecteddifferentsectorsofaconqueredsocietyindifferentfashionsandatdifferentrates.

1.ThelanguagesthathavetosomeextentmanagedtosurviveHellenizationdidsoinwhatarea?

2.Whichaspectofsociety,accordingtothepassage,isoneofthemostresistanttochange?

3.Inthefirstparagraph,yousawtheunderlinedworddisenfranchisement.Choose,amongthefollowingexpressions,theclosestinsimilarmeaning（

）.

4.WhowastheleaderoftheMacedonianConquest?

5.Accordingtothepassage,cantheimpositionofaforeignlanguageandculturebringaboutrapidchangeinalloftheconqueredpeople’sinstitutions?

问题1选项

A.Inpalacecircles.

B.Ingovernmentalinstitutions.

C.Inthereligioussphere.

D.Inphilologicalcircles.

问题2选项

A.Monarchicalinstitutions.

B.Religiousinstitutions.

C.Linguisticnorms.

D.Stateideologies.

问题3选项

A.Theremovalofpower,rightand/orprivilege.

B.Astrongsenseofdisappointment.

C.Theprohibitionoftherighttoconductbusiness.

D.Thelossofsocialposition.

问题4选项

A.KingPhilipofMacedon.

B.PericlesofAthens.

C.AlexandertheGreat.

D.TheOttomanEmpire.

问题5选项

A.Yes,courtlifewillchangetoremainfunctional,anditwillaffectallotherinstitutions.

B.No,apparentlyitaffectsdifferentpartsofsocietyindifferentwaysatdifferentspeeds.

C.Itisn’tclearfromthepassage,butitmayhappenquickly.

D.Yes,thespeedatwhichasociety’sinstitutionsareaffectedbyaconqueringpowerwouldbequiterapid.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段，提到“itisinthesphereofreligionthattheseliteraciesareoftenpreservedlongest”，这些读写能力正是在宗教领域保持得最久，因此C选项符合题意。

第2题:2.事实细节题。文章第二段第六句提到“Eventhen,CopticsurvivestothisdayastheliturgicallanguageoftheCopticOrthodoxChurch”，即使这样，科普特语至今仍是科普特东正教会的礼拜仪式语言，也就是宗教机构最抗拒改变。因此B选项符合题意。

第3题:3.词义题。词语所在句表示“希腊的统治迫使传统经营的公民权被剥夺”，下一句紧接着说到，新的政权语言——希腊语取代了这些机构的传统语言。因此disenfranchisement指的就是权利或特权的剥夺。A选项符合题意。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文章第一段说到“AlexandertheGreat’sconquestsintheEasternMediterraneaninitiatedaseriesofprofoundculturaltransformations”，说明是亚历山大大帝在征服地中海东部后发起了一系列深刻的文化变革。因此C选项符合题意。

第5题:5.判断推理题。文章第三段说到“Factorsincludingtheimpositionofanewlanguage…musthaveaffecteddifferentsectorsofaconqueredsocietyindifferentfashionsandatdifferentrates.”强迫接受一种新语言会以不同的方式、速度影响到被征服社会的不同部门。因此B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Sowhygothroughthe3-to-5year,gruelingandpainfulprocessofgettingadegreewhenyoucanjustgetajobstraightoutofcollegeandgetonwithyourlife,makingasalaryandworkingonstuffthatmatters?

问题1选项

A.arduous

B.hilarious

C.dreadful

D.straightforward

【答案】A

【解析】划线词grueling和后面的painful“痛苦的”都是用来描述获得学位的过程。A选项arduous“努力的；费力的”；B选项hilarious“欢闹的；情不自禁的”；C选项dreadful“可怕的；糟透的”；D选项straightforward“简单的；径直的”。综合分析句意和选项，不难发现A选项“费力的”更合适，C选项过于极端。

11.单选题

Oneofthemostimportantnon-legislativefunctionsoftheU.S.Congressisthepowertoinvestigate,whichisusuallydelegated[A]tocommittees—either[B]standingcommittees,specialcommittees[C]setforaspecificpurpose,orjointcommittees[D]consistedofmembersofbothhouses.

问题1选项

A.to

B.standing

C.setfor

D.consisted

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中的jointcommittees是consistof“由……组成”的逻辑主语。且consistof不能用被动语态，应将D选项consisted改为consisting。

12.写作题

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinquestion5.

【答案】Cultureisastudyofperfectionandhasitsoriginintheloveofperfection.Itmovesbytheforceofscientificpassionforpureknowledgeandthemoralandsocialpassionfordoinggood.Thespiritofthehumanracefindsitsidealbymakingendlessadditionstoitself,theendlessgrowthinwisdomandbeauty.Cultureisanindispensableaidtoreachthisidealandthatisthetruevalueofculture.Thewholecivilizationinourmodernworldismechanicalandexternal,andtendsconstantlytobecomemoreso.Cultureplaysasignificantrolebecauseherethatmechanicalcharacter,whichcivilizationtendstotakeeverywhere,isshowninthemosteminentdegree.Culturehasonegreatpassionforsweetnessandlight,andthemenofculturearethetrueapostlesofequality.

13.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.两千余年来，丝绸之路作为中西交通的大动脉承载着中国与世界的交往、对话，彰显着古代中国开放的文化品格、不朽的文明成果。今天，“丝绸之路”一词早已超越其历史含义，成为一种精神象征，为当今世界的和平与发展提供了价值典范。

2.谈到美国文学时，不能断言它与欧洲文学截然不同。广义上说，美国和欧洲齐头并进。在任何时间，旅行者都会在两地发现同样风格的建筑、相同式样的服装，书店出售相同的书籍。思想如同人和商品一样会自由自在地跨越大西洋，尽管有时速度慢些。

3.当人类逐渐了解自然，开始向自然索取并慢慢发展到企图征服自然，并愈演愈烈时，自然的和谐与平衡便遭到毁坏。荒漠化的地区出现了，灾难性的洪水来临了，连空气和水质也常受到污染，人类赖以生存的环境基础受到了破坏。

【答案】1.TheSilkRoad,asthetrafficarteryconnectingChinaandtheWest,hasbornetheweightofdialogueandcommunicationbetweenChinaandtheworld,andhasalsodemonstratedanopenculturalcharacterofancientChinaandimmortalcivilizationforovertwothousandyears.Nowadaysthewordofthe“SilkRoad”hasalreadyexceededitshistoricalmeaning,andbecomeaspiritualsymbol,providingamodelofvalueforthepeaceanddevelopmentofthepresentworld.

2.TospeakofAmericanliteraturewecan’tassertthatitisentirelydifferentfromEuropeanliterature.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehaveadvancedsidebyside.Atanytime,thetravelercouldfindthesamestylesinarchitecture,thesamepatternsindress,thesamebooksonthebookshopsintwodifferentplaces.ThoughtscanspantheAtlanticOceanasfreelyasmenandcommodities,althoughsometimesthespeedisslow.

3.Humanbeingsbegantoaskforsomethingfromnatureandeventriedtoconqueritastheyknewmoreandmoreaboutit.Asthesituationintensified,theharmonyandequilibriumofnaturewererudelydemolished.Therehavebeendesertifiedzoneandcatastrophicflood.Evenairandwaterwereoftenpolluted.Theenvironmentwhichwedependonforalivingwasdeteriorated.

14.单选题

Physicallife,whichhasoftenbeendepreciatedfromthemoralpointofview,isnotindeedbyitselfsupreme,butitiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.Onewouldbeashamedtowritesuchatruismwereitnotthatourjuvenilecourtsandourprisoninvestigationsshowhowfarwearefromhavingsenseditinthepast.Andourpresentlaborconditionsshowhowfarourorganizationofindustryisfromanydecentprovisionforahealthy,sound,vigorouslifeofallthepeople.Thiswarisshockinginitsdestruction,butitisdoubtfulifitcandotheharmtoGreatBritainthatherfactorysystemhasdone.Andiflifeisinonerespectlessthanideals,inanotherrespectitisgreater;foritprovidesthepossibilitynotonlyofcarryingoutexistingidealsbutofthebirthofnewandhigherideals.Socialinteractionlikewisehasbeenmuchdiscussedbutisstillveryinadequatelyrealized.Thegreatpossibilitiesofcooperationhavelongbeenutilizedinwar.Withthefactoryandcommercialorganizationofthepastcenturywehavehintsoftheireconomicpower.Ourschools,books,newspapers,areremovingsomeofthebarriers.Buthowfardifferentsocialclassesarefromanyknowledge,nottosayappreciation,ofeachother!Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoinculcatenationalhatredanddistrust!ThefourthgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sherointheResearchMagnificentisyetfarfromsolution.ThegreatdangertomoralityinAmericaliesnotinanytheoryastothesubjectivityofthemoraljudgment,butintheconflictofclassesandraces.Intelligenceandreasonareincertainrespectsadvancing.Thesocialsciencesarefindingtoolsandmethods.Wearelearningtothinkofmuchofourmoralinertia,ourwasteoflife,ournarrowness,ourmuddlingandblunderinginsocialarrangements,asstupid—wedonotliketobecalledstupidevenifwescorntheimputationofclaimingtobe“good”.Butwedonotorganizepeaceaseffectivelyaswar.Weshrinkbeforethethoughtofexpendingforscientificinvestigationsumscomparablewiththoseusedformilitarypurposes.Andisscholarshipentitledtoshifttheblameentirelyuponotherinterests?Perhapsifitconceiveditstasksingreatertermsandaddresseditselftothemmoreenergeticallyitwouldfindgreatersupport.Andfinallytheprocessofjudgmentandappraisal,ofexaminationandrevaluation.Tojudgeforthesakeofjudging,toanalyzeandevaluateforthesakeoftheprocesshardlyseemsworthwhile.Butifwesupplytheprocesswiththenewfactorsofincreasedlife,physical,social,intelligent,weshallbecompelledtonewvaluations.Suchhasbeenthecourseofmoraldevelopment;wemayexpectthistoberepeated.Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents.Asmedievalism,thecenturyofenlightenment,andthecenturyofindustrialrevolution,eachhaditsethics,sothecenturythatfollowsoughttohaveitsethics,rousedbytheproblemofdealingfundamentallywitheconomic,social,racial,andnationalrelations,andusingtheresourcesofbetterscientificmethodthanbelongedtotheethicalsystemswhichservedwelltheirtime.

1.“Thewar”theauthorreferstointhepassageis（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingproverbs/sayingsbestexpressesthemeaningofthewriter’sopinion?

3.ThelastgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sheroinTheResearchMagnificentis

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,moralprogressinvolves

（

）.

5.Fromthetextwemaydeducethattheauthorviewsmoraldevelopmentinthefuturewith

（

）.

问题1选项

A.thecivilwar

B.WorldWarI

C.WorldWarII

D.thewarinVietnam

问题2选项

A.Aman’sreachshouldexceeditsgrasp.

B.Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.

C.Destinyisinyourownhands.

D.Noneoftheabove.

问题3选项

A.sex

B.jealousy

C.prejudice

D.fear

问题4选项

A.aprocessoflogicaldeduction

B.insightintothenatureofthingsastheyare

C.theconvictionthatmorallifeisaprocessinvolvingsocialintercourse

D.noneoftheabove

问题5选项

A.optimism

B.confidence

C.pessimism

D.caution

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。文中说到“Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents”，所以thewar是指thegreatwar，而这是第一次世界大战的英文表述，因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:2.判断推理题。文中说到“itiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.”可以肯定的是，许多恶行都是由于生理有机体的病态或缺陷状态造成的。因此相对的“Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.”B选项符合题意。

第3题:3.判断推理题。由文中两个感叹句“Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoinculcatenationalhatredanddistrust”可知困扰威尔斯笔下主人公的是“races”，也就是C选项的prejudice“偏见”。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文中没有直接提到选项的一些关键词，但是有“Socialinteractionlikewisehasbeenmuchdiscussedbutisstillveryinadequatelyrealized”，社会交往的问题已经讨论过很多次，但还远未能实现，紧跟着后文提到的一系列问题也是道德在社会交往层面未能实现的体现，因此生活为理想的实现以及更高层次新理想的诞生创造了可能性，C选项“认为道德生活包括社会交往”符合题意。

第5题:5.观点态度题。文中提到“Suchhasbeenthecourseofmoraldevelopment;wemayexpectthistoberepeated…Asmedievalism,thecenturyofenlightenment,andthecenturyofindustrialrevolution,eachhaditsethics,sothecenturythatfollowsoughttohaveitsethics.”通过这些表述，可知作者对新时期道德的发展是很有信心的，因此B选项符合题意。

15.单选题

TheFrenchmathematiciandeLaplacenextreasonedthatifenoughmass（

）addedtoastarlikethesun,thegravitationalforceofthestar（

）eventuallypreventlightparticlesfromleavingit;itwouldtherefore“blinkout”andbecomeaninvisibleblackstar.

问题1选项

A.were...would

B.was...would

C.was...wouldhave

D.were...wouldhave

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由选项中动词的过去形式可知本题考查if引导的虚拟条件句。第一空条件从句中，如果使用一般过去时则表示对现在事实的虚拟，be动词固定用were；相应的主句应使用would+动词原形表示。因此A选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Rarely（

）atechnologicaldevelopment（

）animpactonmanyaspectsofsocial,economic，andculturaldevelopmentasgreatlyasthegrowthofelectronics.

问题1选项

A.has...had

B.had...had

C.has...has

D.have...had

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装句。句首以否定词rarely“罕见地”开头，后面语句形成部分倒装。句意：很少有一项科技发展能像电子技术的发展那样，对方方面面比如社会、经济、文化等产生如此重要的影响。结合句意及由主语atechnologicaldevelopment可知谓语动词应为hashad。把has提前后可得A选项。

17.单选题

Itiseasytocomplicatethings,toindulgein“somethingtodo”or“somethingtothinkabout”insteadofstillingthemonkey-mind,findingthefutilityofcontrivedactionwhichleadsonlytoseparation,hardness,ethics,self-righteousness,andultimatestrife.

问题1选项

A.flux

B.paradox

C.conformity

D.uselessness

【答案】D

【解析】句意：人们很容易把事情复杂化，沉迷于“要做的事”或“想的事”，而不是摈弃浮躁的心态，发现人的那些做作行为是徒劳的，只会导致分离、冷酷、道德、自以为是和最终的冲突。划线词futility表明thecontrivedaction的一种性质，而这种“做作的行为”后有定语从句修饰，表示它们只会带来不好的结果，futility也应表示不好的现象。A选项flux“流量”；B选项paradox“悖论”；C选项conformity“一致”；D选项uselessness“误用，无效”。四个选项中，D选项色彩十分明确，符合句意，因此D选项正确。

18.单选题

Itwas（

）thelasttimearoundthetrack（

）Ireallykickeditin—passingthegossipinggirlfriends,blockingoutthewhistlesofboyswhohadalreadycompletedtheirrunandnowwerehangingoutonthegrassyhill,Iran---pushinghard,breathingshallowly,knowingfullwellthatIwasgoingtohavetohearaboutitfrommydisapprovingfriendsforthenextfewdays.

问题1选项

A.notuntil...when

B.notuntil...that

C.until...when

D.until...that

【答案】B

【解析】由选项及题干可知本题考查“not…until…”强调句型“Itis/wasnotuntil…that…”，因此B选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Fewpeoplehavethetimethatisrequiredtomastera“full”knowledgeofaforeignlanguageand（

）stillwouldbetomakethemuchpracticaluseofsuchalanguage.

问题1选项

A.more

B.less

C.much

D.fewer

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词比较级。空格前的and表明前后两个部分是并列关系，主语均为people，是集合名词，先排除B和C选项。前半句句意：很少有人有时间去掌握一门外语的“全部”知识。为了保持并列关系，后面只能使用fewer：仍然需要大量实际地使用这样一种语言的人就更少了。因此D选项符合题意。

20.单选题

Whatare[A]thequalitiesthatapersonneedsinordertomakeagreatspeech?ThereisanoldChinesesaying[B]thatgoes,“amanisgoodbecauseofhismouth,andahorseisgoodbecauseofitslegs.”Humans[C]haveabilitytocommunicatethroughspeech,andinspeechwehaveaspecialopportunity[D]tomakeimpact.

问题1选项

A.thequalities

B.thatgoes

C.haveability

D.tomakeimpact

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定用法。D选项处应表示“产生影响”，impact是可数名词，因此正确用法应为“tomakeanimpact”。

21.单选题

Atthesametime,theFund,UnitedNationsFundforPopulationActivities,workstochangetheparadigmofmasculinitythatallowsfortheresolutionofconflictthroughviolence.

问题1选项

A.model

B.covenant

C.aspiration

D.hurdle

【答案】A

【解析】句意：与此同时，人口基金，即联合国人口活动基金，正在努力改变男子气概的……，这种……允许通过暴力解决冲突。A选项model“模式”；B选项covenant“契约”；C选项aspiration“抱负”；D选项hurdle“障碍”。由句意可知，“模式”更适合本句语境，因此A选项符合题意。

22.单选题

Itisdevelopingaservicethatwillletyoucreateallonlineidentitythatcan（

）variousclaimsthatitwillbackup.

问题1选项

A.plunge

B.assert

C.exert

D.insert

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项plunge“骤降；陷入”；B选项assert“维护，坚持；断言”；C选项exert“运用，发挥”；D选项insert“插入；嵌入”。句意：它正在开发一项服务，可以让你创建所有的在线身份，可以……各种声明并将备份。由句意可知B选项更符合。

23.单选题

Detailedstudiesofthetribebythefoodscientistsat[A]theUniversityofLondonshowedthatgatheringisamoreproductivesourceoffood[B]thanishunting.Anhourofhuntingyields[C]onaverageabout100ediblecalories[D]asanhourofgatheringproduces240.

问题1选项

A.the

B.thanishunting

C.on

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查语义逻辑。D选项处“Anhourofhuntingyieldsonaverageabout100ediblecalories”与后面“anhourofgatheringproduces240”形成对比，应将as改为可表示对比关系的while或whereas。

24.单选题

Nowpowerproperlyunderstoodis（

）theabilitytoachievepurpose.Itisthestrengthrequiredtobringaboutsocial,political,andeconomicchange.

问题1选项

A.nothingbut

B.anythingbut

C.allbut

D.all

【答案】A

【解析】考查不定代词。第二句说到“它是改变社会、政治和经济所需要的一种力量”，这是对第一句的解释，可知第一句中说的“权力”无非是达到目的的一种能力。因此A选项nothingbut“只不过，无非”符合题意。

25.单选题

Wittinglyorunwittingly,ourcourtsarecreatingwhattheReverendRichardJohnNeuhauscallsa“nakedpublicsquare”,asecularcommunitydevoidofanyreligiouscommitments.

问题1选项

A.deprivedof

B.divestedof

C.lackingin

D.exemptfrom

【答案】C

【解析】句意：无论是有意还是无意，我们正在创建理查德•约翰•纽豪斯牧师所说的“赤裸的公共广场”，一个……任何宗教信仰的世俗社区。A选项deprivedof“被剥夺的；严重匮乏的”；B选项divestedof“剥夺”；C选项lackingin“缺乏”；D选项exemptfrom“豁免；免除”。“赤裸的公共广场”意味着没有任何宗教信仰的束缚，因此C选项“缺乏”符合题意。

26.单选题

Thetwoarticlesarousesuspicion.Thetheory?Thenovel?Sincethereisnosuchthingasthenovel,howcantherebeasingletheory?Oristheeditorsomesoilofmonist?Blinkeredhedgehoginwildfoxcountry?Thejacketidentifiesinwildfoxcountry?ThejacketidentifiesMr.Halperinas“AssociateProfessorandDirectorofGraduateStudiesintheDepartmentofEnglishattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.”Thisistrueacademicweight.“HeisalsotheauthorofTheLanguageofMeditation:FourStudiesinNine-teenth-CenturyFictionandEgoismandSelf-DiscoveryintheVictorianNovel,”Well,meditationifnotlanguageisbiginSouthernCalifornia,wheremanyanavocadotreeshadesitssmogboundZenmaster,whiletheVictoriannovelcontinuestobeagrowthindustryinAcademe.Eagerly,oneturnstoProfessorHalperin’s“ACriticalIntroduction”tonineteenessaysbyasmanyprofessorsofEnglishProfessorHalperinhasnotaneas