新人教版英语《江西中考新突破》训练话题二十三历史与社会【含解析】

1、话题二十三历史与社会(Historyandsociety).完形填空A(2016河北改编)ManyforeignersthinkChinesearethebesthostsandtheworstguestsintheworld.Theyrenotreallybadguests,butbecausetheguesthost_1_inChinaismuchdifferentthaninsomewesterncountries,itappearstheyarenotniceguests.Andwesternhostssometimes_2_rudeintheeyesofChineseguests.I

2、nChina,guestsare_3_likegods.WheneverIenteraChinesepersonshome,thereisalwaysfruitonthetableforme,andsomeoneisquickto_4_meacupofteaorwater.Inthewest,generallytheguestisnotagod.Aguestactsaccordingtothehostswayofdoingthings.Mywifesmother,averykindelderlyChineselady,doesntsmoke.WhenIseesomeofherguests_5_

3、inherhouse,Ifeelunhappy.UsuallyIwanttostopthemdirectly,butImust_6_thatinChina,tobeagoodhost,shemustnotdothat.InmostNorthAmericanhomes,ifyouareaguest,andthehostsarenotsmokers,youshouldnotsmokein_7_house.Atleast,youcouldask,“IsitOKifIsmoke？”But,dontbe_8_iftheysay，“No,youcantsmoke.”Inourculture,iftheyd

4、onot_9_youtosmokeintheirhouse,theyarenotarudehost.GuestsinChinaalsohavespecial_10_.Someforeignersmaynotadapt(适应)tothesehabits.ThankfullymywifeisChinese,so_11_wevisitaChinesefamilyshetellsmetobuythemagift.However,givingagifttoahostisnotalways_12_inmycountry.So,ifyouinviteinternationalgueststoyourhous

5、e,dontbetoosurprisediftheydontbringyoua(n)_13_.InChina,youprobablywontneedto_14_theguesthostrelationshipverymuchbecauseyouwillprobablyonlybethehost,andChinesearenaturallyverygoodhosts.Ifforeignersinviteyoutotheirhouse,trynottobetoosurprisediftheirstyleof_15_youisnotwhatyouhaveexpected.BgraduationCre

6、lationshipDinformationBlookCsmellDsoundBseldomCgraduallyDalmostBcarryCincreaseDintroduceBsmokingCsleepingDeatingBexplainCsupposeDsupportBourCtheirDherBworriedCsurprisedDpatientBallowCtellDwarnBcustomsCrulesDhabitsBhoweverCwheneverDwhereverBnecessaryCresponsibleDhumorousBgiftCviolinDanswerBwasteCthro

7、wDtrain(C)15.A.praisingBprotectingCtreatingDreporting【文章马虎】本文是一篇说明文。经过列举实例介绍了中外待客方面的差异。【答案精析】1C观察名词辨析。conversation“对话”；graduation“毕业”；relationship“关系”；information“信息”。由上文的“Chinesearethebesthostsandtheworstguestsintheworld的“muchdifferentthaninsomewesterncountries可知是”指主人和客人之间的“关系”。应选和下文C。”2B观察动词辨析。tas

8、te“尝起来”；look“看上去”；来”。由“intheeyesofChineseguests可知是”指“看上去”。应选smell“闻起来”；B。sound“听起3D观察副词辨析。hardly“几乎不”；seldom“极少”；gradually“渐渐地”；almost“几乎”。由下文“WheneverIenteraChinesepersonshome,thereisalwaysfruitonthetableforme,andsomeoneisquickto_4_meacupofteaorwater.可知在中”国，客人就像上帝相同。应选D。4A观察动词辨析。bring“带来”；carry“扛；搬

9、”；increase“增添”；introduce“介绍”。由上文“thereisalwaysfruitonthetableforme可知是给”“我”端来一杯水或茶。应选A。5B观察动名词辨析。talking“谈话”；smoking“吸烟”；sleeping“睡觉”；eating“吃”。由上下文语境可知这里是指“吸烟”。应选B。6A观察动词辨析。realize“意识到”；explain“解说”；suppose“猜想”；support“支持”。由but可知“我”意识到在中国她不能够阻拦客人在家里吸烟。应选A。7C观察代词辨析。your“你(们)的”；our“我们的”；their“她(他)们的”；h

10、er“她的”。由上文中的“thehosts”可知选C。8C观察形容词辨析。excited“令人愉悦的”；worried“担忧的”；surprised“惊诧的”；patient“耐心的”。由下文中的“iftheysay,No,youcantsmoke.”可知是别感觉“惊讶”。应选C。9B观察动词辨析。choose“选择”；allow“赞同”；tell“告诉”；由下文“theyarenotarudehost可知是”指若是他们不“赞同”你在家里吸烟。应选warn“警告”。B。10D惯”。由下句“观察名词辨析。Someforeignershobby“爱好”；custom“民俗”；rule“规则”；ha

11、bit“习maynotadapt(适应)tothesehabits.”可知是指“习惯”。应选D。11C观察连词辨析。whoever“无论谁”；however“无论怎样”；whenever“无论何时”；wherever“无论哪里”。由后半句“shetellsmetobuythemagift”知此空是指“无论何可时”。应选C。12B观察形容词辨析。impossible“不能能的”；necessary“必要的”；responsible“尽责的”；humorous“幽默的”。由前半句中的“However”可知在“我”的国家给主人买礼物其实不是很必要的。应选B。13B观察名词辨析。stamp“邮票”；g

12、ift“礼物”；violin“小提琴”；复”。由“givingagifttoahostisnotalways.inmycountry.”可知是指“礼物”。应选answer“答B。14A观察动词辨析。change“改变”；waste“浪费”；throw“扔”；train“训练”。由“becauseyouwillprobablyonlybethehost,andChinesearenaturallyverygoodhosts”可知在中国没必要“改变”主人和客人之间的关系。应选A。15C观察动名词辨析。praising“夸耀”；protecting“保护”；treating“款待；对待”；repor

13、ting“报道”。由前半句应选C。“Ifforeignersinviteyoutotheirhouse可知是指”“款待”你。B请先阅读下面短文，掌握其马虎，尔后用方框中所给的词的合适形式填空。每个词限用一次。英国脱欧alreadyalsomanyorfallbringhopedecidesadstayTheresultsofaBritishreferendum(公投)onEuropeanUnion(EU)membership(欧盟)cameoutonJune24.UKs1decisiontoleavetheEUhasleftpeopleingreatsurpriseandworryacross

14、theworld.Theimpacts(影响)have2alreadybeguntoshow.Forstarters,ifnotfor“Brexit”(脱欧),theEnglishsoccerteamslostintheEuroCup(欧洲杯)onJune28,2016mightnothavebeenso3sad.ThatEnglandwasdefeated(击败)byIcelandwas4alsoajokebysomepeople.TheBritisheconomyfaces5morechallenges.Thepound6fallsgreatlyinaday.Londonmightlose

15、itsplaceasaworldfinancialcapital(金融之都).ThereferendumssurprisingresultsalsoshowagreatdifferenceinBritainbetweentheoldwhoagreed“Brexit”andtheyoungwhoagreed7to_stayinsidetheEU.Whatsmorewill“Brexit”8bringtoBritainisstillsomethingwedontknow.AssomeonewhoareoutsidebothBritainandtheEU,wecantsaysuchadecision

16、isright9orwrong.Maybetheonlythingwecandoisto10hopebothofthemwillmoveonandbringtheirpeoplegoodlives.Andtheonlythingwecanbesureisthatwehavewitnessed(目击)somethingbiginhistory.【文章马虎】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了2016年发生的一件重要事件英国脱欧。本文从两方面阐述了短期内脱欧对于英国的影响。从长远来看，“脱欧”的影响还难以猜想。【答案精析】1decision由空格前的UKs确定要填名词，由所给词及语境可确定填decide的名词

17、形式decision。2already此空在助动词have和过去分词begun之间，要填副词。从所给的副词already和also中选择，already一般用于完成时中，故填already。3sad由空格前的“been确”定此空填形容词作表语。从sad和many中选择，many后接复数名词。所以填sad。4also由空格前的“was和”后边的“ajoke”可知要填副词，所给副词只剩下also。故正确答案是also。5more由空格后的复数名词challenges确定选many。再由下文“Thepound.greatlyinaday.Londonmightloseitsplaceasaworld

18、financialcapital(金融之都)”可知英国经济面对更多的挑战。故填many的比较级more。6falls此空作谓语，要填动词。从fall,bring,hope,stay中选择。再由下句“Londonmightloseitsplaceasaworldfinancialcapital(金融之都)”可知是指英镑大幅下跌，选择fall。主语“Thepound”是第三人称单数形式，故填falls。7tostay由agreetodosth.确定此空填“to动词原形”，剩下bring,hope,stay三个动词。再由whoagreed“Brexit确”定是指留在欧盟内，故填tostay。8bri

19、ng此空作谓语，要用动词，剩下bring,hope两个动词。再由“bringsth.tosb.”确定填bring。9or此空可否定句，空格前后的“right和”“wrong都”是形容词，要用连词or连接两个并列成分。10hope由下半句“bringtheirpeoplegoodlives可”知是希望他们俩都能连续前进。故填hope。.阅读理解A(2016无锡改编)Clothing(服饰)isalanguage.Wecanlookattraditionalclothingtoknowmoreaboutculture.Africahasalonghistoryandarichculture,and

20、thisisshownintraditionaldress.Thethreecolorsred,goldandgreen,areoftenusedintheclothing.Thefirstcolorrepresents(代表)thebloodofmillionsofpeoplewhofoughtforfreedom;thesecond,richresourcesoftheAfricanearth;andthethird,thegrasslandofhome.Becauseclothinghasstrongsocialmeanings,peopleareverycarefulinchoosin

21、gwhattowear.Itwouldbeaseriousmistaketowearthewrongclothes,ortodressinthewrongway.Forexample,inGhana,awomanshouldwearherwaistband(腰带)differentlyaccordingtotheimportanceofthesocialevent.Traditionaldressalsotellsusabouteverydaylife.Africandesignsarefamousforloose(宽松的)clothing.Thetemperaturetherecanbeve

22、ryhighduringthedaytimebutverylowatnight,soitrequiresthattheclothesarecomfortablefordailylife.TodayalthoughmoreandmoreyoungpeoplelikewearingWesternclothes,especiallyinbigcitiesinAfrica,traditionalAfricandressisstillquitevaluable.Thisisbecauseithasdeepculturalmeanings.(B)1.Whatdoesthecolorgoldrepresen

23、t?AThebloodofmillionsofpeoplewhofoughtforfreedom.BRichresourcesoftheAfricanearth.CThegrasslandofhome.DAlonghistory.(C)2.Whyarepeopleverycarefulinchoosingwhattowear?ABecausetheyareoftencarefulwitheverything.DBecausetheyoftendressinthewrongway.(D)3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”refertointhelastparagr

24、aph?AMoreandmoreyoungpeoplelikewearingWesternclothes.BAfricandesignsarefamousforlooseclothing.CTheclothesarecomfortablefordailylife.DTraditionalAfricandresscostalotofmoney.(B)4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?ATraditionalcustomsinAfricaBTraditionaldressinAfrica【答案精析】1B细节理解题。由第二段第二句“CFavoritecol

25、orsinAfricaDHowtochooseadress【文章马虎】本文是一篇说明文。服饰是一种语言，人们能够从传统服饰中更多地认识文化。短文第一介绍了非洲的传统服饰中的三种颜色的含义，尔后介绍了非洲传统服饰的社会含义，最后介绍了从非洲的传统服饰能够认识人们的平常生活。Thethreecolorsred,goldandgreen,areoftenusedintheclothing.”和第三句中“thesecond,richresourcesoftheAfricanearth”可知gold代表非洲丰富的资源。应选B。2C细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Becauseclothinghasstron

26、gsocialmeanings,peopleareverycarefulinchoosingwhattowear.”可确定C是原因。3D单词指代题。由最后一段第一句中“especiallyinbigcitiesinAfrica,traditionalAfricandressisstillquitevaluable”可知This是指传统非洲衣服很有价值这件事。应选D。4B标题概括题。通读全文可知文章主要介绍了非洲的传统服饰。应选B。B(2016安徽改编)请先阅读下面短文，掌握其马虎，尔后依照短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中，选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思畅达、结构完满。Theolive(橄榄)t

27、reeprobablyfirstgrewinsouthernAsia.AndthenitspreadtoMediterranean(地中海的)countriesabout6，000yearsago.1_F_Theolivetreegrowsinrockyplacesanditdoesntneedmuchwater.Itsfruitcanbemadeintooliveoil.Peoplehaveusedoliveoiltocookdishesforcenturies.2_A_Someancientculturesbelievedthatitwasusefulasmedicine.Inmodern

28、times,peoplestilluseoliveoilbothforitstastesanditshealthadvantages.3_G_InancientGreece,forexample,anyonewhocutdownanolivetreewasheavilypunished.WinnersattheOlympicGamesworewreaths(花环).Theyweremadeofolivebranches.4_B_PeoplefromGreecebuiltshipssothattheycoulduseoliveoilfortrade.ButitwastheRomanswhogre

29、wtheolivetreeintherestofsouthernEuropeandnorthernAfrica.5_D_Manydifferentkindsofoliveoilaresoldincountriesallovertheworld.AButtheyhaventonlyuseditforcooking.BSometimeswinnerswerealsogivenaprizeofoliveoil.CIhavesentyouhealthyvegetablesandoliveoil.DToday,oliveoilisstillaveryvaluableproduct.ETheolivetr

30、eeisthesymbolofpeaceandwealth.FSincethen,ithasbeenimportantinMediterraneanpeopleslives.GOliveoilhasalsobeenanimportantproductinthebusinessandcultureofMediterraneancountries.【文章马虎】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了橄榄树和橄榄油的发展史，以及它们在人们生活中的作用。【答案精析】1F由前句“AndthenitspreadtoMediterranean(地中海的)countriesabout6，000yearsago.”可知

31、此处应讲橄榄树对地中海的人们产生的影响。由此可确定选项F为正确答案。2A由后句“Someancientculturesbelievedthatitwasusefulasmedicine.可知橄榄油不但”仅用来烹饪食品。应选A。3G由后句“InancientGreece.可”知此句与地中海国家有关。七个选项中只有G项与此有关。应选G。4B由空格前的两句“WinnersattheOlympicGamesworewreaths(花环)Theyweremadeofolivebranches.”可知此空与冠军有关。应选B。5D由最后一句“Manydifferentkindsofoliveoilareso

32、ldincountriesallovertheworld.可知此处应介绍橄榄油目前的情况。应选D。.补全对话请阅读下面对话，依照对话内容补上所缺的句子，使对话畅达、合理，意思完满。(每空一句)A：YoumustbereallyexcitedaboutleavingforAmericatomorrow,LiPing!B：Yeah.1_But_Im_a_bit_nervous.A：Nervousaboutwhat?B：IdontknowmanyofthecustomsandmannersintheUSA.2_Could_you_give_me_some_advice?：Sure.：3_What_r

33、ules_do_they_have_in_America?A：Well,itsimportanttobeontimewhenyoureinvitedfordinner.Americansexpecttheirgueststobeontime.B：4_Then_how_long_may_I_stay_there?A：Yourenotsupposedtoleavebeforethemeal.Oryouseemtohavecomeonlyforthemeal.Whenyourfriendsseemtobegettingtiredandrunningoutofthings,itstimetoleave.Thenextday,callorwriteatha