2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号100

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.翻译题Translate the following passage into English.我崇拜朝气，喜欢自由，赞美胆量大的，精力强的。一个人行为或精神上有朝气，不在蝇头小利上打算计较，不拘泥于物质攫取与人世毁誉；他能挺起脊梁，坚持走自己的路，他所学的或同我所学的完全是两样东西，他的政治思想或与我的极其相反，他的宗教信仰或与我的格格不入，那不碍事，我仍然觉得他是个朋友，这是个人。我喜欢这种人，也尊敬这种人。这种人也许粗鲁了一点

2、，但一切伟大事业伟大作品就只有这类人才有份，他不可避免会失败，但决不会轻易放弃。【答案】I worship vitality and freedom, and I admire the plucky and the strong in heart. A person who is full of vitality in behavior and spirit would be neither concerned with petty profits nor constrained by the material prosperity and reputation. He can be upri

3、ght and insist on his own way. Though what he has learnt is totally different from that of mine, as well as political thoughts and religious belief, all of these do not matter. I still consider him as my friend and a real man. I like him and also respect his kind of person. Maybe they are a little r

4、ude, but only this kind of men can accomplish great works and cause. Inevitably, he may be fail, but he will never give up easily.2.单选题We must look beyond_and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.问题1选项A.justificationsB.illusionsC.manifestationsD.specifications【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项justificat

5、ion“借口，理由”；B选项illusion“错觉，幻想”；C选项manifestation“表示，表明”；D选项specification“规格，说明书”。根据并列连词and可知空格处与assumptions的意思接近，因此选B。句意：我们必须超越幻想和假设，努力发现缺失的东西。3.翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house, but books in a library are like houses in a city. Altho

6、ugh they are separated, together they all add up to something; they are connected with each other and with other cities. The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions accor

7、ding to different writings at different times. Books influence each other; they link the past, the present and the future and have their own generations, like families. Wherever you start reading you connect yourself with one of the families of ideas, and in the long run, you not only find out about

8、 the world and the people in it; you find out about yourself, too.Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on a book that means something to you, and relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time and if you become, as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder,

9、or more gentle, you wont have suffered during the process.【答案】每本书彼此独立，就像一个个独户住宅，而图书馆里的藏书就好像城市里的千家万户。尽管它们相互独立，但只有互相联系才有意义，家家户户彼此相连，城市与城市彼此相依。相同或相似的思想在不同地方涌现。在生活中重复出现的问题也会在文学作品反复出现，但因时代与作品的差异，解决对策也会有所不同。书籍之间也会互相影响，它们联系着过去、现在和将来，并且如同家庭一样也会世代延续。无论从哪里开始阅读，你都会将自己和一个家族的思想联系在一起，长远来看，你不仅能发现这个世界和里面的人，也能在其中发现自

10、我。阅读只有在你期望它有趣时才会真的有趣。如果你专注于一本对你有特殊意义的书，并且乐在其中，那么你就会体验一段美妙的时光如果你因为阅读而变得更加善良、聪明、随和或是优雅，那么你就会享受阅读的过程。4.单选题He is not a very credible lecturer.问题1选项A.well-knownB.religiousC.ordinaryD.believable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。credible表示“可靠的；可信的”；A选项为“著名的；众所周知的”；B选项为“宗教的，严谨的”；C选项为“普通的；一般的”；D选项为“可信的”。根据句意可知，他不是一个可信的演讲者。因此

11、，D项为正确答案。5.单选题This is one of the animals that can the color of their surroundings.问题1选项A.take upB.take inC.take onD.take to【答案】C【解析】词组题。A选项take up拿起，开始从事，占据；B选项take in吸收，理解，欺骗；C选项take on 承担，呈现，具有；D选项take to喜欢，走向，开始从事。句意：这种动物是那种可以随着环境的颜色而改变身体颜色的种类。因此，C项“呈现”符合题意。6.单选题It is due to the invention of the

12、computer that man has been able to work so many. A case _ is the successful launching of space shuttle.问题1选项A.in pointB.in questionC.in a wayD.in brier【答案】A【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项in point相关的，恰当的；B选项in question讨论中的，有问题的；C选项in a way从某种程度上，有点儿；D选项in brief简言之。因此，根据句意可知，正是电脑的发明才使得人们在过去的几年中创造了这么多的奇迹，一个恰当的例子就是航天飞机的

13、成功发射。故A项是正确答案。7.单选题In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled worker is _.问题1选项A.shrinkingB.obscuringC.alteringD.constraining【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项shrink“收缩，减少”；B选项obscure“使模糊，使难解”；C选项alter“改变”；D选项constrain“强迫”。根据highly technological society与the number of jobs可知A选项符合语义。句意：在我们

14、高度科技化的社会里，非技术工人的工作岗位正在减少。8.单选题A scientist does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. Instead, he always checks, studies and makes experiments carefully and objectively to_them.问题1选项A.testifyB.verifyC.affirmD.assert【答案】B【解析】词义辨析 动词。A选项testify v.证明，作证，证实；B选

15、项verify v.核实，查证；C选项affirm v.肯定，断言；D选项assert v.维护，坚持，断言。根据句意逻辑，B项正确。【试题答案】一个科学家不会接受不是基于完整论据论证的结论，事实上，他通常会检查、钻研、仔细客观地做实验，从而证实这些假设。9.翻译题Translate the following passage into English.北京奥组委(The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad)官方网站讯：2007年6月23日，在八达岭长城举办的“第四届2008北京奥林匹克文化节” 开幕式

16、上，所有观众的目光都被长城上的新标识所吸引一一在绿树环绕下，一个令所有中国人兴奋的口号映衬着的长城遒劲而古老的线体。这就是一座长67米，高18米的“同一个世界同一个梦想(One World One Dream)”北京奥运会会徽(Emblem)和北京奥运会主题口号大型景观建筑。在今后的两年多的时间里，每当人们抬头仰望长城巍峨的身姿就会知道，奥运和中国有着怎样的无法割舍的渊源。【答案】The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad Official Website News: At the opening ce

17、remony of the Fourth 2008 Beijing Olympic Cultural Festival, held on the Badaling Great Wall on June 23, 2007, all audiences are attracted to the new logo on the Great Wall. Surrounded by green trees, this logo shows powerful and antique line of the Great Wall with an exciting slogan to all Chinese

18、people. That is a large landscape architecture, 67 meters length and 18 meters high, of Beijing Olympic Games emblem engraving characters with “One World One Dream” and Beijing Olympic Games theme slogan. Over the next more than two years, people will learn about the deep and close relationship betw

19、een Olympic Games and China whenever they look up at towering figure of the Great Wall.10.单选题British scientists find that the nesting habits of 20 species of birds with the warming trend of the earths atmosphere.问题1选项A.conflictB.coincideC.adaptD.approve【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项conflict v.冲突，矛盾，斗争；B选项coi

20、ncide v.致，符合，同时发生；C选项adapt v.适应于；D选项approve v.批准，赞成，满意。根据句意可知，英国科学家发现二十种鸟类的筑巢习惯与地球大气的温度上升趋势一致。因此，B项符合题意。11.单选题Are you aware that you actually possess six senses? The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently to the exact extent necessary for each action you

21、 perform. For example, when you reach for an object, the sensory nerves linking the muscles to the brain stop your hand at the correct spot. This automatic perception of the position of your muscles in relation to the object is your muscular sense in action.Muscles are stringy bundles of fibers vary

22、ing from one five-thousandth of an inch to about three inches. They have three unique characteristics; they can become shorter and thicker; they can stretch; and they can retract to their original positions. Under a high-powered microscope, muscle tissue is seen as long, slender cells with a grainy

23、texture like wood.More than half of a persons body is composed of muscle fibers, most of which are involuntary in other words, work without conscious direction. The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular actions, number more than five hundred. Women have only 60 to 7

24、0 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman cant lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man.1. Intelligent use of the muscles means that（）.2. According to the selection, more than half of a persons body is composed of（）.3. An average woman is w

25、eaker than an average man because she has （）.4. It is implied but not stated that（） .5. According to the selection, the muscular sense is responsible for （）.问题1选项A.one always knows what his muscles are doingB.one performs simple actions without workingC.ones muscles are used only to the extent neces

26、sary for each action they performD.one improves muscular action consciously问题2选项A.voluntary musclesB.muscle fibersC.involuntary fibersD.sensory nerves问题3选项A.more voluntary muscles than an average manB.only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle for her body massC.60 to 70 percent less muscle for her body m

27、assD.less muscle fiber for her body weight问题4选项A.the muscular sense is more important than any other sensesB.muscular sense involves automatic perceptionC.there are many more than 500 involuntary muscles in the bodyD.muscle tissue is inflexible问题5选项A.the efficiency of our musclesB.the normal breathi

28、ng functionC.directing our muscles intelligentlyD.the work of only our involuntary muscles【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第二句The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently to the exact extent necessary for each action you perform.可知，第六感是一种肌肉感

29、觉，可智能地精准控制人体活动。因此，C项是正确答案。2.细节事实题。题意：根据原文，人类身体超过一半的组织是由什么构成的？根据原文第三段第一句：More than half of a persons body is composed of muscle fibers.可知，人体超过一半的组织是由muscle fibers（肌肉纤维）构成。因此，正确答案为B项。3.细节事实题。根据原文第三段Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman

30、 cant lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man. 可知，女性比正常男性力气小是因为女性身体内肌肉含量仅为男性的60-70%。因此，B项为正确答案。4.推理判断题。本文并未说明也未暗示肌肉感觉比其他感官重要，因此A选项错误。根据原文最后一段The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular action, number more than five hundred.可知，C选项与原文意思相反，故C项错误。D选项说

31、肌肉组织是不可弯曲的，与原文不符，故排除。因此，B选项是正确答案。5.细节事实题。由文章第一段The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently.可知，肌肉感官的作用是directing your muscles intelligently，因此，本题正确答案为C项。12.单选题Starting with the_that there is life on the planet Mars, the scientist went on to develop his arg

32、ument.问题1选项A.premiseB.pretextC.foundationD.presentation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项premise“前提，假定”；B选项pretext“借口，托词”；C选项foundation“地基，基础”；D选项presentation“提交，展示”。根据that引导的同位语从句“火星上有生命”可知选A。句意：从火星上有生命这一前提出发，这位科学家继续深入他的论点。13.单选题Initially the Lincoln administration refused black volunteers; they feared that the a

33、ppearance of black Yankees on the battlefield might suggest that the war_other purposes in addition to the restoration of the Union.问题1选项A.haveB.hadC.had hadD.would have【答案】B【解析】考查一般过去时。此句中的suggest意为“表明”，不表示“建议”，因此从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。根据feared可知空格为一般过去时，时态保持一致，因此选B。句意：起初，林肯政府拒绝黑人志愿者；他们担心黑

34、人出现在战场上，可能表明这场战争除了恢复联邦之外，还有其他目的。14.单选题Doctors usually try to the gravity of illness if a patient is found to have cancer.问题1选项A.specializeB.illuminateC.elevateD.minimize【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项specialize v.专门从事，详细说明；B选项illuminate v.阐明，说明；C选项elevate v.提升，举起，振奋；D选项minimize v.最小化，使减到最小。根据句意可知，如果病人查出得了癌症，医

35、生总是尽量把病情说得轻一些。因此，正确答案为D项。15.单选题The two most important _in making a cake are flour and sugar.问题1选项A.elementsB.componentsC.ingredientsD.constituents【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项element“元素，基础”，指一个整体中最基本、不可缺少的或固有的成分；B选项component“组成部分，成分”，指一个整体的组成部分；C选项ingredient“成分，(尤指烹饪) 原料”；D选项constituent“选民，成分，构成要素”指某一整体不可少的部分

36、或成分。根据flour and sugar可知选C。句意：做蛋糕最重要的两种原料是面粉和糖。16.单选题In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: salt is bad for you regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. There is a direct relationship, US congressman Neal Smith noted, between the amount of sodium a

37、 person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death.Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary,” Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of u

38、s it probably doesnt make much difference how much salt we eat.” Dustans most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects,

39、however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.“An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population,” notes Dr. John H. Laragh

40、. “So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense.”Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable “moderation” in salt consumption. For the average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. T

41、he equivalent of one to two grams of this sat allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table.Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “low salt

42、” exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr admits that “we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension.” In fact, there is growing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium; obesity (much more dangerous than sodi

43、um); genetic predisposition; stress.“It is not your enemy,” says Dr. Laragh. “Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you dont need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up.”1. Accordin

44、g to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed（）.2. From Dr. Dustans study we can infer that（）.3. In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that（）.4. The phrase “vocal. exponent” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to（）.5. What is the main message of this text?问题1选项A.exhibits as

45、an aggravating factor to people in poor healthB.cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disordersC.correlates highly with some diseasesD.is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease问题2选项A.a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some peopleB.the amount of salt intake has nothing to do wit

46、h ones blood pressureC.the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patientD.an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone问题3选项A.people should not be afraid of taking excessive saltB.doctors should not advise people to avoid saltC.an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommende

47、d for people in diseaseD.excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population问题4选项A.eloquent doctorB.articulate opponentC.loud speakerD.strong advocate问题5选项A.The salt scare is not justified.B.The cause of hypertension is now understood.C.The moderate use of salt is recommended.D.

48、Salt consumption is to be promoted.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“There is a direct relationship,” US congressman Neal Smith noted, “between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death.”可知：一些医生和政客认为钠的摄入量和身体健康有直接关系，并会引

49、发多种疾病，甚至早逝。说明他们认为食盐的摄入量与某些疾病的发生息息相关，因此，C项正确。2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段Dustans mostrecent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt, was reintroduced.Of the hypertensive subjects, however

50、, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previouslevel when salt was reintroduced.可知：在Dustan研究中，当摄取极低的少盐饮食或者恢复食用食盐时，血压正常的人不会有什么改变。然而，在高血压人群中，少盐饮食中一半的人确实出现血压下降，而再次恢复食盐的摄入时，血压会返回到之前的水平。因此，A项“低盐饮食可能适合某些人”表述正确。B项和D项错误。文章并没有谈及“减少食盐摄入量可能治愈高血压”，故C项

51、错误。3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“So arecommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense”可知：医生不应该建议人们不吃盐，因此，B选项符合题意，为正确答案。4.词汇题。根据原文倒数第二段but even the very vocal “low salt” exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Dr. admits that.可知：就连“低盐论”最主要的支持者，Arthur博士都承认盐的摄入量是否与髙血压有关。所以最恰当的理解应该是强烈支持者。因此，D项为正确答案。

52、5.主旨大意题。本文主要讨论了食盐摄入量与人体健康的关系。通过人们对于盐的恐慌引出相关话题，最后表明“除非医生告知你有与摄取盐分相关的健康问题，否则，没有理由不摄取食盐”。由此可知，食盐恐慌是不合理的，A项为正确答案。17.单选题Please（）those old newspapers while youre cleaning up the room.问题1选项A.dispose outB.dispose ofC.dispose awayD.dispose in【答案】B【解析】考查词组搭配。A选项dispose out非短语搭配；B选项dispose of处理，转让，卖掉；C选项 dispo

53、se away 非短语搭配；D选项dispose in非短语搭配。因此，只有B项为正确搭配，且符合题意。句意：请你在清理房间的时候丢掉这些过期的报纸。18.单选题To develop light industry in a big way（）to improving the peoples livelihood.问题1选项A.owesB.attributesC.distributesD.contributes【答案】D【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项owes to.归功于，因为B选项attributes to把归功于；C选项 distributes to分销，分发给；D选项contributes

54、to对有贡献，有好处。根据句意可知，大力发展轻工业有利于提高人民生活水平，因此D项正确。19.单选题A budget of five dollars a day is totally_for a trip round Europe.问题1选项A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inadequate“不足够的，不充分的”；B选项incapable“无能力的，不能的”；C选项incompatible“不相容的”；D选项invalid“无效的”。根据四个选项及题干的意思可知A选项符合语义。句意：一天五美元

55、的预算完全不足以作一次欧洲之旅。20.单选题There is no doubt_the company has made the right decision on the sales project.问题1选项A.whyB.thatC.whetherD.when【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。doubt后面的that为同位语从句的引导词，修饰doubt。doubt引导的主从复合句中，用否定式时后面的引导词只能是that。相反如果doubt引导肯定意义的主从复合句中，引导词要用whether。句意：毫无疑问，公司对销售项目的决定是正确的。21.单选题When the Group of Sev

56、en was formed in 1920, the artists hoped for recognition of their works and ideas. In the catalog to their first exhibition, they actually invited adverse criticism-but only because what they feared most was indifference. At a time when Canada was coming into its own, they felt that a major factor i

57、n the development of a strong and healthy nation was a vital and relevant art. They hoped that their works would make a significant contribution to the evolution of a truly Canadian art tradition. Therefore, the Groups desire to paint the Canadian landscape lays the genuine conviction that it was th

58、e northern landscape that represented and expressed the countrys unique character. It was this concept that was to capture the imagination of so many Canadians.Today there is every indication that the Group has attained its goals. These artists have achieved widespread popular success and acclaim, a

59、nd their works have been heralded as one of the basic symbols of Canadian culture. They have been honored with exhibitions, degrees and medals; reproductions of their works can be found one very thing from posters to postage stamps.As frequently happens with popular trends, there has been a tendency

60、 to romanticize the accomplishments of the Group, which has inevitably caused many misconceptions to develop. The most common of these is the popular belief that the Seven were violently criticized in the first Group shows. However, the truth of the matter is that the reviews for these early shows w