2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号86

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题The shell-covered animals without backbones have a nasty tendency to devour their neighbors.问题1选项A.developB.endeavorC.deludeD.consume【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 develop“开发；进步；使成长”；B选项 endeavor “努力；尽力”；C选项 delude“欺骗；哄骗；诱惑”

2、；D选项consume“消耗，消费；着迷”。句意：这些没有脊骨、壳覆盖的动物有一种令人讨厌的倾向，它们会吃掉它们的邻居。根据此处关键词their neighbors（他们的邻居）可排除A选项及B选项，C选项delude（欺骗）主要侧重于虚伪的意见或信念欺骗，因此也可排除。结合语境，得知D选项正确。2.单选题The loss of his_ stems from giving promises easily and never fulfilling them.问题1选项A.credibilityB.cradleC.corruptionD.convention【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A

3、选项 credibility “可信性；确实性”；B选项 cradle “摇篮；发源地；发祥地；支船架”；C选项 corruption “贪污，腐败；堕落”；D选项convention “大会”。句意：他之所以失去，是因为他轻易地做出承诺，却从不兑现。根据后文giving promises easily and never fulfilling them.（轻易地做出承诺，却从不兑现）可以推测他不是一位守信的人，结合句意A选项正确。3.单选题It was already known that at least some genetic abnormalities are caused by t

4、he absence of specific proteins.问题1选项A.irregularitiesB.similaritiesC.activitiesD.qualities【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 irregularity “不规则；无规律；不整齐”；B选项 similarity “类似；相似点”；C选项 activity “活动；活动区；活动性”；D选项 quality “质量，统计 品质；特性；才能”。句意：人们已经知道，至少有些基因异常是由缺乏特定蛋白质引起的。结合此处关键词 abnormalities “异常；畸形”，得知A为正确答案。4.单选题I cant

5、_ what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.问题1选项A.figure outB.draw outC.look outD.work out【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项 figure out “了解，弄清楚”；B选项 draw out “拉长”；C选项look out “留神，小心”；D选项 work out “解决出，算出”。句意：我不知道这些蔬菜怎么了，因为它们是今天早上刚摘的。结合句意，A选项正确。5.单选题In many countries now, smoking

6、 is not _ in public places.问题1选项A.permissiveB.permutableC.perniciousD.permissible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项permissive“宽容的”；B选项 permutable “可排列的；能交换的”； C选项 pernicious“ 有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的”；D选项 permissible“可允许的；获得准许的”。句意：在许多国家，吸烟在公共场所是不。结合句意，A，B，C选项可以排除，D选项permissible（可允许的；获得准许的）最符合语意，吸烟在公众场合是不被允许的，因此选项D正确。6.

7、单选题Condemned to death, Socrates could have escaped but chose to die by drinking poisonseeking truth even to the _ end.问题1选项A.strongB.deadC.dyingD.lethal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 strong“强壮的”；B选项 dead“无生命的；呆板的；废弃了的”；C选项dying“垂死的；临终的；濒临消亡的；快要结束的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：判处死刑，苏格拉底本可以逃脱但选择喝毒药寻求真理。根据poison（毒药），A，B

8、，C项都不能与poison（毒药）进行搭配，结合句意，选项D为正确答案。7.单选题Whoever said that victory has many fathers and defeat is an orphan, surely had never heard of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its long suffering representatives, the total failure of the opening meeti

9、ng of the so-called Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their roles in the violent physical struggle. Well. Thats just brilliant. They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth, prosperity and overall global rising living

10、 standards we have the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.The 135-members WTO is composed of sovereign of sovereign governments wishing to further this goal and ease the settlement of international trade disputes. From the sounds emanating from Seattle, though, it woul

11、d now seem the WTO has now replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemasons as candidate No. 1 to take over the world.Everybody has his favorite Seattle story. The citys police chief will have plenty of time to think about his, having now resigned in disgrace over the loss of control of downtow

12、n Seattle. The Seattle business community may be more inclined to brood over theirs; the poor fools invested9 million to attract the meeting to their fine city. What stands out more? I would nominate the union of steel workers who were marching in protest. Its an image that will boggle the mind for

13、years to come.The debate now is over just how effective this anti-globalist coalition will turn out to be. In the heat of the moment, it always looks as though the world as we know it is coming to an enD.But the overwhelming likelihood is that we have not actually seen a relay of the anti-Vietnam Wa

14、r movement, which had much clearer focus, obviously, though its consequences were far-reaching. How long, after all, can you protest against cheap imports when those same imports are all over you house?No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meetin

15、g point to President Clinton as a major culprit. Which may be both good and baD.Taking the long view, other trade rounds have had difficult beginnings, too. It took years to get the Uruguay Round under way, which finally happened in 1986. Thankfully, we will soon be electing another president, and i

16、t should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric.Still, it is a disgrace that the worlds greatest trading nation, i. e. the United States, is currently led by a man whose motivations are so narrowly political and egocentric that he has now wrecked any chance of entering the history books as a ch

17、ampion of free trade.1. According to the passage, the failure of the Seattle meeting is chiefly caused by_ .2. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that_ .3. One of the WTOs goals as mentioned in the passage is to_ .4. By saying that “Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to com

18、e.” (the last sentence in Paragraph 3) the author means that_.5. The author is obviously critical of President Clinton for_ .问题1选项A.anti-globalist and pro-globalist conflictsB.President Clintons wrong initiativesC.the strong protests from diverse groupsD.the polices failure to maintain order问题2选项A.d

19、ifferent forces contributed to the failure of the Millennium trade roundB.many people bragged of their presence at the Millennium trade roundC.there existed a range of violent debated as to the prospects of the WTOD.only a few members were proud of their membership of the WTO问题3选项A.serve as arbiters

20、 in international trade disputesB.ensure cheap export and import of goods unnecessarilyC.bring about the globalization of worlds tradesD.encourage free trade and goods exchanges worldwide问题4选项A.the WTO is likely to have a negative image in peoples mind in the futureB.the WTO will have trouble changi

21、ng peoples way of thinking in the futureC.the startling scene will probably linger in peoples mind the years to comeD.people will lose whatever confidence they hold in the future of the WTO问题5选项A.his failing to match his words with his actionsB.his handling the matter in a wrong perspectiveC.his lac

22、king historical knowledge about the WTOD.his overemphasizing the economic role of the WTO【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Seattle meeting”可以定位到文章第五段中“No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a maj

23、or culprit.” 中文翻译为：不，西雅图灾难的真正原因是政治，会议的报告指出，总统克林顿是主要的罪魁祸首。可以得知B选项“克林顿总统的错误举措”正确。2.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段，中文翻译为：谁说胜利有许多父亲，失败是一个孤儿，肯定没有听说过世界贸易组织(WTO)。以不幸的多边贸易组织及其长期受苦受难的代表们为例，所谓的千年贸易回合(Millennium trade round)开幕式的彻底失败，让很多人吹嘘自己在这场激烈的斗争中扮演的角色。好，这就是灿烂的。他们为自己是一场运动的一部分而感到自豪，这场运动希望摧毁我们所拥有的经济增长、繁荣和全球整体生活水平不断提高的最重

24、要引擎贸易自由以及国与国之间人员和货物流动。A选项“不同的力量促成了千年贸易谈判的失败”符合题意。B选项“许多人吹嘘他们出席了千年贸易谈判” 不符合题意，故排除。C选项“关于世贸组织的前景存在着一系列激烈的争论”不符合题意，故排除。D选项 “只有几个成员国为他们是世贸组织的成员而感到自豪”不符合题意，文中很多人吹嘘自己在这场激烈的斗争中扮演的角色，故排除。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economi

25、c growth, prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.” 中文翻译为：他们为自己是一场运动的一部分而感到自豪，这场运动希望摧毁我们所拥有的经济增长、繁荣和全球整体生活水平不断提高的最重要引擎贸易自由以及国与国之间人员和货物流动。 D选项“鼓励世界范围内的自由贸易和商品交流”符合题意，故选D。A选项“在国际贸易争端中担任仲裁者”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“确保不必要的廉

26、价进出口”不符合题意，故排除。C选项 “带来世界贸易的全球化”不符合题意，故排除。4.作者意图题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句 “Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come. ”中文翻译：这是一个在未来几年里会让人难以置信的画面。A选项“WTO在未来很可能在人们的脑海中有一个负面的形象”与题干句子意思相符，因此A选项正确。5.细节事实题。通读题干定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thankfully, we will soon be electing another president, and it should be so

27、meone whose actions match his rhetoric.”中文大意：值得庆幸的是，我们很快将选出另一位总统，而这位总统应该是言行一致的人。根据前文“No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit.”中文大意：不，西雅图灾难的真正原因是政治，会议的报告指出，总统克林顿是主要的罪魁祸首。前文批判克林顿为 “罪魁祸首”，后文笔者说值得庆幸

28、的是将选出另外一位言行一致的总统。A选项“他言行不一致”最符合题意，因此选A。8.单选题Film CriticMark Adams looks back over the last ten years of his workas a film critic for a newspaper called The Front PageWriting articles about films for The Front Page was my first proper joB.Before then I had done bits of reviewing novels for other news

29、papers, films for a magazine and anything I was asked to do for the radio. That was how I met Tom Seaton, the first arts editor of The Front Page who had also written for television. He hired me, but Tom was not primarily a journalist, or he would certainly have been more careful in choosing his sta

30、ff.At first, his idea was that a team of critics should take care of the art forms that didnt require specialized knowledge: books, TV, theatre, film and radio. There would be a weekly lunch at which we would make our choices from the artistic material that Tom had decided we should cover, though th

31、ere would also be guests to make the atmosphere sociable.It all felt like a bit of a dream at that time: a new newspaper, and I was one of the team. It seemed so unlikely that a paper could be introduced into a crowded market. It seemed just as likely that a millionaire wanted to help me personally,

32、 and was pretending to employ me. Such was my lack of self-confidence. In fact, the first time I saw someone reading the newspaper on the London underground, then turning to a page on which one of my reviews appeared, I didnt know where to look.Toms original scheme for a team of critics for the arts

33、 never took off. It was a good idea, but we didnt get together as planned and so everything was done by phone. It turned out, too, that the general public out there preferred to associate a reviewer with a single subject area, and so I chose film. Without Toms initial push, though, we would hardly h

34、ave come up with the present arrangement, by which I write an extended weekly piece, usually on one film.The Luxury of this way of working suits me well. I wouldnt have been interested in the more standard film critics role, which involves considering every film that comes out. Thats a routine that

35、would make me stale in no time at all. I would soon be sinking into my seat on a Monday morning with the sigh, “What insulting rubbish must I sit through now?” a style of sigh that can often be heard in screening rooms around the world.1. What do we learn about Tom Seaton from the first paragraph?2.

36、 A weekly lunch was arranged for critics to _.3. When Mark started working for The Front Page, he_.4. In the end, the organization of the team was influenced by_.5. Mark takes the new way of working as “luxury” (paragraph 5) because_.问题1选项A.He encouraged Mark to become a writerB.He had worked in var

37、ious areas of the mediaC.He met Mark when working for televisionD.He prefers to employ people that he meets somewhere问题2选项A.get to know each otherB.exchange informationC.take works for new criticismD.entertain occasional visitors问题3选项A.doubted the paper would succeedB.was embarrassed at being recogn

38、izedC.felt it needed improvementD.was surprised to earn so much问题4选项A.the readers preferenceB.the availability of writersC.the pressure of timeD.the popularity of subjects问题5选项A.it enables him to play his roleB.it enables him to make a choiceC.it enables him to see the worldD.it enables him to see a

39、 lot of films【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键字the first paragraph可以定位到文章首段 “That was how I met Tom Seaton, the first arts editor of The Front Page who had also written for television.”中文翻译为：我就是这样认识了汤姆西顿(Tom Seaton)的，他是纽约时报头版的第一位艺术编辑，同时也为电视撰稿。可以判断只有C项“他在为电视台工作时遇到了马克”正确。2.细节事实题。由题干关键字A

40、weekly lunch可以定位到原文第二段 “There would be a weekly lunch at which we would make our choices from the artistic material that Tom had decided we should cover” 中文大意为：每周会有一次午餐，我们会从汤姆决定我们应该报道的艺术材料中做出选择。因此可知C选项“接受新的评论工作”正确，符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第三段 “It seemed so unlikely that a paper could be introduced into

41、 a crowded market. ”中文翻译为：一份报纸似乎不太可能被引入一个拥挤的市场。判断A选项“怀疑这份报纸能否成功”正确。4.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第四段“It turned out, too, that the general public out there preferred to associate a reviewer with a single subject area, and so I chose film. ”中文翻译为：结果也证明，公众更喜欢把一个评论家和一个单一的主题领域联系起来，所以我选择了电影。可知选项A“读者的偏好”正确。5.推理判断题。由题干可

42、以定位到原文倒数第二段 “Without Toms initial push, though, we would hardly have come up with the present arrangement, by which I write an extended weekly piece, usually on one film.” 中文翻译为：如果没有汤姆最初的推动，我们很难达成现在的安排，我每周写一篇文章，通常是关于一部电影。以及最后一段 “I wouldnt have been interested in the more standard film critics role,

43、which involves considering every film that comes out.” 中文翻译为：我不会对更标准的影评人这个角色感兴趣，这个角色需要考虑每一部上映的电影。判断出B选项“这使他能够做出选择”符合题意。9.写作题Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the way people communicate with each other? Has th

44、is become a positive or negative development? You must write logically and show your clear point of view with sufficient supporting points. You may make use of any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience. You should have your own title and write at least 200 words.【答案】略。10.翻译题通过资料查阅、实地调研

45、、数据分析和专家会商等途径，筛选出适用于该地区的古树健康诊断形态指标，确立各指标的分级依据，构建古树健康诊断标准，并依据该标准对滇中地区86株古树（树名暂略）的健康状况进行诊查。结果表明：古树的健康状况大多为良和一般，不同树种有些许差异，其结果与古树长势强弱成正相关,能够反映古树健康的真实状况，应用效果良好。此外，对影响古树健康状况的原因进行分析，并提出相应解决方法。【答案】By means of data consulting, field research, data analysis and expert consultation, this paper screened out the

46、 diagnostic morphological indexes of ancient trees suitable for this area, established the grading basis of each index, constructed the diagnostic criteria of ancient trees health, and based on the criteria, diagnosed the health status of 86 ancient trees (tree names are temporarily abbreviated) in

47、central Yunnan. The results showed that the health status of ancient trees was mostly good and average, with some differences among different tree species. The results were positively correlated with the growth strength of ancient trees, which could reflect the real health status of ancient trees, a

48、nd the application effect was good. In addition, the reasons that affect the health status of ancient trees are analyzed, and corresponding solutions are put forward.11.单选题Sometimes it can be shown that the tissue not only looks homogeneous, but actually is so, because, if the tissue is cut in half,

49、 each half will regulate to give rise to the same pattern as would otherwise have been produced by the whole.问题1选项A.createB.occurC.emergeD.deteriorate【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 create “创造，创作；造成”；B选项 occur “发生；出现；存在”；C选项 emerge “浮现；摆脱；暴露”；D选项 deteriorate “恶化，变坏”。句意：可以证明，组织不仅看起来是均匀的，而且实际上是均匀的，因为如果组织被切成两半，每

50、一半将调节以产生与整体相同的图案。结合此处关键词 give rise to “造成；引起；导致”，得知A为正确答案。12.单选题The volcano gave warning that it would soon pop: small earthquakes shuddered beneath its surface on September 23.问题1选项A.sankB.sentC.eruptedD.shook【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项sank“沉陷”；B选项 sent“送，寄出”；C选项erupted “爆发；长出”；D选项 shook “摇动”。句意：火山发出警告说它

51、很快就会爆发：9月23日，它的地表下发生了小地震。结合此处关键词earthquakes（地震）可排除B、C选项，A选项sank（沉陷）也与地震不匹配，因此得知D选项正确。13.单选题We often _ our energies in trivial occupations.问题1选项A.dissipatedB.indulgedC.unscrambledD.took【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 dissipated“消散；浪费 ”；B选项indulged “沉溺；满足；放任”；C选项unscrambled “使还原；译出；理顺，理清”；D选项 took “拿；取；接受”。句意：我

52、们经常我们的精力在琐碎的工作上。根据单词trivial occupations （琐碎的工作），可推测我们经常会浪费我们的精力在一些琐碎的工作上，结合此处语境，选项A为正确答案。14.单选题Europa is the smallest of planet Jupiters four largest moons and the second moon out from Jupiter. Until 1979, it was just another astronomy textbook statistiC.Then came the close-up images obtained by the

53、 exploratory spacecraft Voyager 2, and within days, Europa was transformedin our perception, at leastinto one of the solar systems most intriguing worlds. The biggest initial surprise was the almost total lack of detail, especially from far away. Even at close range, the only visible features are th

54、in, kinked brown lines resembling cracks in an eggshell. And this analogy is not far off the mark.The surface of Europa is almost pure water ice, but a nearly complete absence of craters indicates that Europas surface ice resembles Earths Antarctic ice cap. The eggshell analogy may be quite accurate

55、 since the ice could be as little as a few kilometers thicka true shell around what is likely a subsurface liquid ocean that, in turn, encases a rocky core. The interior of Europa has been kept warm over the eons by tidal forces generated by the varying gravitational tugs of the other big moons as t

56、hey wheel around Jupiter. The tides on Europa pull and relax in an endless cycle. The resulting internal heat keeps what would otherwise be ice melted almost to the surface. The crack like marks on Europas icy face appears to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below.Soon after Voyager 2s e

57、ncounter with Jupiter in 1979, when the best images of Europa were obtained, researchers advanced the startling idea that Europas subsurface ocean might harbor life. Life processes could have begun when Jupiter was releasing a vast store of internal heat. Jupiters early heat was produced by the comp

58、ression of the material forming the giant planet. Just as the Sun is far less radiant today than the primal Sun, so the internal heat generated by Jupiter is minor compared to its former intensity. During this warm phase, some 4.6 billion years ago, Europas ocean may have been liquid right to the su

59、rface, making it a crucible for life.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979 _.3. It can be inferred from the passage that Europa and Antarctica have in common which of the following?4. According to the passage, what is th

60、e effect of Jupiters other large moons on Europa?5. According to the passage, Voyager 2s images led researchers to develop which of the following theories?问题1选项A.The effect of the tides on Europas interiorB.Temperature variations on Jupiters moonsC.Discoveries leading to a theory about one of Jupite