2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号73

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题More often it is the father or mother, and not the children,（ ） the responsibility of generation gap.问题1选项A.who takeB.whom takeC.whom takesD.who takes【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这是一个强调句型，强调的主语the father or mother, and not

2、 the children是人且意义上是个单数，强调人可以用who，句意为：更常见的是父亲或母亲而不是孩子要承担代沟的责任。因此答案选D。2.单选题Jane is a girl with an artistic （ ）.问题1选项A.temperamentB.temperatureC.temperanceD.tempera【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项temperament“气质，性情，性格，禀性”；B选项temperature“度；体温；气温；发烧”；C选项temperance“戒酒，禁酒；自我克制，节制”；D选项tempera“蛋彩画”。填入名词受形容词artisti

3、c修饰，故temperament“气质，性情，性格，禀性”符合题意，句意为：简是一个有艺术气质的女孩。答案选A。3.单选题 Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotiona world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: know

4、ing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people wou

5、ld be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Societys economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning

6、$10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because e

7、motions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than wh

8、at it has done or can do to ushurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement: that certain things and act

9、ions are “good” and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social lifefrom what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, mora

10、lity, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements, such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal system to

11、make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that（ ）.2. According to the passage, peoples learning activities are possible because they（ ） .3. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of

12、 society is dependent on（ ）.4. Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because （ ）.5.The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they（ ）.问题1选项A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not know what was beneficial

13、 and what was harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a life without loveD.they would do things that hurt each others feelings问题2选项A.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveB.benefit from providing help and support to one anotherC.enjoy being rewarded for doing the right th

14、ingD.know what is vital to the progress of society问题3选项A.the ability to make moneyB.the will to work for pleasureC.the capacity to enjoy incentivesD.the categorizations of our emotional experiences问题4选项A.they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objectsB.they are the basis for

15、 the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintainedC.they encourage people to perform dangerous achievementsD.they generate more love than hate among people问题5选项A.help society exploit its members for profitB.encourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and penal sys

16、temD.help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第三句“People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial.

17、 人们可能没办法生存：既不知道何为欢喜和快乐，也不知道何为焦虑和恐惧，他们可能重复做出伤害性的行为，就像重复有益的行为一样。”由此可知如果人们生存在一个没有情感的世界里，因为对于自身行为的性质没办法区别，所以会 导致自己很难生存。故正确答案选B。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段第四句“They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments.他们不会学习：他们不能从经验中受益

18、，因为这个无情感的世界缺乏奖励和惩罚”，由此可知，没有情感的世界，对于人们的学习活动不存在激励，没有奖励和惩罚的机制。反之，人们能够进行学习活动主要也是因为奖励和惩罚机制的存在。故正确答案选C。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段结尾“Societys economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work For as we wil

19、l see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. 社会经济的基础将被摧毁，既然挣100万美元不会比挣10美元更让人愉快，工作就会失去动力正如我们看到的，激励意味着享受它们的能力。”根据题干中关键词foundation 可以对应定位到上文“underpinnings基础，支柱”，由此可知社会经济的基础是建立在人们享受激励的能力上的。故正确答案选C。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第二段第一句提到了“In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive ar

20、e next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. 在这样一个世界里，人类生存下来的可能性几乎为零，因为情感是我们生存和适应的基本工具。情绪以重要的方式为我们构建世界。”然后就举例具体阐述了情绪是如何具体影响我们的生存和适应身边事物的。其中第六句“Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events

21、comes a social feeling of agreement 从我们对事物和事件的情感体验中，产生一种社会共识”，这也就解释了本段第一句中所强调的情感对于生存和发展的重要性，所以正确答案选B。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段“True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to ushurt us, surprise us, anger

22、 us or make us joyful. 诚然，我们会考虑物体的长度、形状、大小或质地，但是，比起它对我们所做的，能做的事情，给我们带来的伤害，惊讶，愤怒或者欢乐，事物的物质方面没有那么重要。”本句话提到事物的情感方面比物质方面重要的具体表现。结合上下文，我们使用情感来分类事物，也就是通过情感，我们适应周围的世界。由此推断，选项D为符合题意的最佳答案。4.单选题Little （ ）how happy I had been.问题1选项A.she had realizedB.did she realizeC.she realizedD.has she realized【答案】B【解析】【试题解

23、析】考查语法结构。当否定词little位于句首时后面的句子要进行主谓倒装，且由句中关键词“had been（过去完成时态）”的对应知这里应用一般过去时态，故B项“did he realize”正确。5.单选题Her interest in growing flowers kept her （ ）for the whole week.问题1选项A.occupationalB.occupantC.preoccupiedD.occupied【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项occupational“职业的”；B选项occupant“居住者”；C选项preoccupied“全神贯注的

24、”；D选项occupied“忙碌的；已占用的”。由题干“对种花很感兴趣”才会使得她忙碌整个星期，occupied “忙碌的；已占用的”符合题意。句意为：她对种花很有兴趣，这使她整整忙碌了一个星期。故正确答案选D。6.单选题Of various parts of the speech contest, unplanned （ ）speech is the most difficult part for most contestants.问题1选项A.spontaneousB.spontaneityC.preparedD.synthetic【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项spon

25、taneous“自发的，自然的”；B选项spontaneity“自发性，自然性”；C选项prepared“准备好的”；D选项synthetic“综合的，合成的”。由关键词“unplanned无准备的”可知spontaneous符合题意，句意为：在口语竞赛的不同环节中，无准备即兴演讲对于大多数选手来说都是最难的。选项A为正确答案。7.单选题Language elements are to a literature work（ ） construction materials to a building.问题1选项A.thatB.whichC.whatD.so【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查语法

26、结构。结合句意可知are后面缺个名词做表语，只有what可以，句意为：语言对于文学作品而言就如建筑材料对于建筑物一样。故答案选C。8.单选题Only by publishing at least five articles on top journals （ ）have the chance to be promoted to professors.问题1选项A.teachers canB.can teachersC.a teacher canD.can a teacher【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是部分倒装结构。句子开头是only引导的状语结构，用来修饰整个句子时

27、，空格部分主句的谓语动词应该使用部分倒装结构。故需要将情态动词和助动词提前。句意为：只有顶级期刊上发表至少五篇论文，老师们才有机会晋升为教授。因此选项B正确。9.单选题I find records are often （ ）or better than an actual performance.问题1选项A.as good asB.as goodC.goodD.good as【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。由句中关键词“or better than an actual performance或比实际演出更好”的对应知空格处指代“与实际演出一样好”，由此知A项“as good as

28、与一样好”正确。10.单选题There has been nothing more astonishing in the progress of war which is really the application of the mechanics of force to human nature（ ） the position that public opinion occupies.问题1选项A.asB.toC.thanD.better【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。nothing more.than.意思为“没有什么比更加”。分析句子结构，空格后面是名词“position位

29、置”，而前面有nothing more出现，再结合上下文意思，故推断选项C为最佳答案。句意为：战争实际上是武力作用于人性，在这个过程中，没有什么比公众舆论占据的地位更让人吃惊的了。11.单选题After so many weeks without rain, the ground quickly （ ）the little rain that fell last night.问题1选项A.skippedB.soakedC.retrievedD.absorbed【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项skip“跳跃、遗漏”；B选项soak“浸湿”；C选项retrieve“检索、恢复”；

30、D选项absorb“吸收、承受”，由题干可推测地面快速“吸收”雨水，句意为：这么多星期没有下雨，地面很快吸收了昨晚的少量雨水。故正确答案选D。12.单选题Their diplomatic principles completely laid bare their （ ）for world conquest.问题1选项A.admirationB.ambitionC.administrationD.orientation【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。A选项admiration“羡慕”；B选项ambition“野心、企图”；C选项administration“管理、行政”；D选项orie

31、ntation “方向、定位”。句子的主语是diplomatic principles“外交政策”，lay sth. bare是一个固定短语，意思为“显示，揭露”的意思。由此可知，空格部分单词意思应该为“野心，企图”，句意为：他们的外交政策彻底暴露出他们征服世界的企图。正确答案选B。13.单选题The negotiation between these two countries has yielded no result. A war is（ ）.问题1选项A.eminentB.imminentC.predominantD.dominant【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。A选项em

32、inent“杰出的”；B选项imminent“即将来临，迫近的”；C选项predominant“主要的、卓越的”；D选项dominant“显性的、占优势的”。题干第一句话的意思“两国间的谈判没产生结果”，后面可知“战争war”马上就要到了，空格部分形容词意思为“马上就要爆发的”，句意为：两国间的谈判没产生结果，战争一触即发。故选项B正确。14.翻译题 世界需要和平，和平才能发展。中国要实现自己的发展目标，渴望有一个和平的国际环境。中国政府坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，愿同各国加强合作，共同促进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。尊重主权和互不干涉内政是国与国之间发展关系的前提。一个国家丧失主权，

33、人民就没有尊严和地位。中国坚决捍卫来之不易的国家主权和领土完整，决不允许任何外来干涉。同时，中国坚持平等相待，尊重别国的主权和领土完整，尊重各国人民自主选择的社会制度。【答案】 The world needs peace, for only with peace can there be development. China earnestly hopes to have a peaceful international environment in order to achieve its development goals. The Chinese government is commit

34、ted to an independent foreign policy of peace and stands ready to work with other countries to advance the noble cause of peace and progress of mankind. Respect for sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries is the prerequisite for sound state-to-state relations. Whe

35、n a country loses sovereignty, its people lose dignity and status. China is firm in upholding its hard-won sovereignty and territorial integrity and will never tolerate any external interference. At the same time, China treats each other as equals, China also respects the sovereignty and territorial

36、 integrity of other countries as well as the independent choice of their people for social systems and development paths.15.单选题Many farmers came to the city, （ ）jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city.问题1选项A.looking forB.to look forC.having looked forD.looked for【答案】A【

37、解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。空格要填入的动词短语考查的是非谓语动词的应用。look for“追寻，寻找”，选项A现在分词表示动作look for与主句的主语之间存在的是主谓关系。选项B动词不定式表示的是目的。选项C表示的是动作已经完成。选项D表示的是动作look for与主句的主语之间存在被动关系，不符合句子的意思。句意为：许多农民来到城市，寻找工作和在城市的其他生活的传奇机遇。故正确答案选A。16.单选题Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, （ ）themselves.问题1

38、选项A.expandingB.stretchingC.prolongingD.extending【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项expand“扩张，使膨胀”；B选项stretch“伸展，张开”；C选项prolong“延长，拖延（延长时间）”；D选项extend“延伸，扩大，推广，伸出”。stretch oneself固定搭配的意思是“伸懒腰，伸展身体”，句意为：做完早上的工作后，职员们从桌子后面站起来，伸展伸展身体。故正确答案选B。17.单选题Great Britain used to be called empire on which sun never sets. Bu

39、t its naval force was almost（ ） during the attack.问题1选项A.annihilatedB.prohibitedC.diminishedD.empowered【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项annihilate“彻底消灭”；B选项prohibit“阻止，禁止”；C选项diminish“减少，缩小”；D选项empower“使自主；授权”。填入一个过去分词构成被动语态，But表示转折关系，由关键信息naval force“海军力量”可知annihilate“彻底消灭”的过去分词annihilated符合题意，句意为：英国曾经被称作日

40、不落帝国。但它的海军力量几乎在进攻期间被彻底消灭。故答案选A。18.单选题The phrase “a grief ago” （ ）from the conventional norm that we should put a period of time such as “five minutes” before “ago”.问题1选项A.deviatesB.disconnectsC.detachesD.distortes【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deviate“使脱离，偏离”；B选项disconnect“拆开，使分离”；C选项detach“分离，派遣”；D选项dist

41、ort“扭曲，变形”。根据句子的主语“phrase短语”和介词from，可知空格意思为“偏离”，四个选项中deviate from有“偏离”的意思，最符合空格意思，故正确答案选A。19.单选题Most of the flights have a baggage （ ）of 44 lbs per passenger.问题1选项A.budgetB.reservationC.allowanceD.limitation【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项budget“预算”；B选项reservation“预约，预定”；C选项allowance“津贴，零用钱”；D选项limitation“

42、限制，限度”。句意为：大多数航班乘客的行李限重44磅。limitation“限制，限度”符合题意，故答案为D。20.单选题 Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosoph

43、ies. What they do is to look at familiar conditions form a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem a

44、bsurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest proposal dramatized starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley and people were aware of famin

45、e before Swift. It was not the originality of the ideas that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satiric method that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or

46、 ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous combination and speaks in a personal idiom inste

47、ad of abstract platitude. Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they lived in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness o

48、f truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals t

49、hat movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. Which of the following can be found in satire liter

50、ature?3. According to the passage, there is a need for satire because people need to be（ ）.4. As a result of reading satiric literature, reader will be most likely to（ ）.5. The various purposed of satire include all of the following EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.Difficulties of writing satiric literature.B.Popul

51、ar topics of satire.C.New philosophies emerging from satiric literature.D.Reasons for the popularity of satire.问题2选项A.Newly emerging philosophies.B.Odd combinations of objects and ideas.C.Abstract discussion of moral and ethnics.D.Wholesome characters who are unselfish.问题3选项A.informed about new scie

52、ntific developmentsB.exposed to original philosophies when they are formulatedC.reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurateD.told how they can be of service to their communities问题4选项A.teach themselves to write fictionB.accept conventional points of viewC.become better informed about current aff

53、airsD.reexamine their opinions and values问题5选项A.introducing readers to unfamiliar situationsB.brushing away illusionC.reminding readers of the truthD.exposing false values【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲讽刺文学的特点，讽刺作品的一些特性。第二段第一句提到了讽刺作品存在是因为人们对它有需求。综合理解全文，文章主要是在分析讽刺作品流行，被

54、人广泛地接受的原因。故正确答案选D。选项A、B文章没有提及，选项C意思与文章第一段第四句的描述相反。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第四句“Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. 讽刺作家没有为世界贡献新的哲学”排除A，文章第一段倒数第三句“Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructiv

55、e. 人们读讽刺作品是因为在审美上它们是令人满意的文学作品，而不是因为道德的完美和伦理的说教”，由此可以排除C。选项D文章并未提及。故正确答案选B。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第二段第二句“It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they lived in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. 它的存在是因为读者欣赏

56、使人耳目一新的刺激，直接向人们指出我们生活在一个思想平凡、道德廉价和哲学愚蠢的世界里”，由此可判断，正确答案选C。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第一段倒数第二句“They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, . 它们启发人生，使人耳目一新是因为它们用简明的

57、常识洗刷去了幻觉和旧的常识。讽刺作品用自然的嘲讽态度重新设置了观点，”，由此可知，阅读讽刺文学的读者，会重新看待旧的常识和事物，重新审视自身具有的观点。选项D符合题意。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第一段第五句“What they do is to look at familiar conditions form a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful or affected. 他们所做的是采取这样一种立场看待熟悉的环境，使得它们看上去愚蠢、有害或者造作。”可知选项A并不是讽刺文学作品

58、写作的目的。故正确答案选A。21.单选题Since a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is accepted as a symbol of （ ）love.问题1选项A.successiveB.consecutiveC.eternalD.insistent【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项successive“连续的，继承的”；B选项consecutive“连贯的，连续不断的”；C选项eternal“永恒的”；D选项insistent“坚持的，迫切的”。句子的前半句意思是“因为圆没有起点和终点”，后半句是句子

59、的主干部分，of后面由“love爱”组成所有格结构。这里需要填入一个形容词，表示“永远的，永恒的”才符合句子意思，句意为：因为圆没有起点和终点，所以婚戒被当作永恒爱情的象征。故正确答案为C。22.单选题The law on drinking and driving is （ ）stated.问题1选项A.extravagantlyB.empiricallyC.explicitlyD.exceptionally【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项extravagantly“挥霍无度地”；B选项empirically“以经验为主地”；C选项explicitly“明确地，明白地”；D选

60、项exceptionally“例外地，特殊地”。根据关键词“law法律”和“stated被表明，被解释”，可知“明确地”符合题意，句意为：有关醉酒驾驶的法律规定得很清楚。故正确答案选C。23.单选题I wish to ask for a leave tomorrow,（ ） ?问题1选项A.shall IB.will IC.may ID.would I【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。表示请求对方许可，四个选项中只有may I可以，句意为：我想明天请假，可以吗？故答案选C。24.单选题（ ） is CORRECT in grammar.问题1选项A.Britain does not