2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号20

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题She didnt openly attack the plan, but her opposition was（ ）in her failure to say anything in support of it.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.internalD.immortal【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项explicit“清楚的，明确的”；B选项implicit“含蓄的，不直接言明的”；C

2、选项internal“内部的，里面的”；D选项immortal“长生的，永世的，不朽的”。由She didnt openly attack the plan（她没有公开抨击计划）和转折词but可知B选项符合语境。句意：她没有公开抨击这项计划，但她的反对暗示着她没有说任何支持这项计划的话。2.单选题Our corporations obligation under this （ ）is limited to repair or replacement.问题1选项A.warrantyB.licenseC.marketD.necessity【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warranty“（商

3、品） 保用单”；B选项license“执照，许可证”；C选项market“市场，交易”；D选项necessity“必然，必要”。根据 repair or replacement（修理或更换）可知A选项符合语境。句意：我公司在本保证项下的义务仅限于修理或更换。3.单选题Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command th

4、emselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.B

5、laming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorters academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”,for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of th

6、e case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, doing our own thing, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well-regarded writin

7、g since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form, that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertainin

8、g array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle: Why We Should, Like, Care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Bla

9、ck English, can be powerfully expressivethere exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memo

10、rized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reformshe is really grieving over the loss of something

11、 beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.1.According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English（ ）.2.The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes（ ）.3.To which of the following statements would McWh

12、orter most likely agree?4.The description of Russians love of memorizing poetry shows the authors（ ）.5.According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as（ ）.问题1选项A.is inevitable in radical education reformsB.is but all too natural in language developmentC.has caused the controversy ove

13、r the counter-cultureD.brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s问题2选项A.modestyB.personalityC.livelinessD.informality问题3选项A.Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.B.Black English can be more expressive than standard English.C.Non-standard varieties of human langua

14、ge are just as entertaining.D.Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.问题4选项A.interest in their languageB.appreciation of their effortsC.admiration for their memoryD.contempt for their old-fashionedness问题5选项A.temporary is to “permanent”B.“radical” is to “conservative”C.“f

15、unctional” is to “artistic”D.“humble” is to “noble”【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Mr. McWhorters academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”，for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings o

16、f Old English.（Mr. McWhorter的学术专长是语言的历史和变化，例如，他认为“谁”这一词的逐渐消失是自然的，并不比失去古英语中的词格尾缀的消失更令人遗憾）可知Mr. McWhorter认为正式英语的衰变是一种自然的现象，因此选B。2.词义题。根据题干关键词talking定位到文章第三段中的In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.（在英语口语和书面语中，交谈战胜了演讲，自然表达胜过了精雕细琢），分析句子可知talking is

17、triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft是对应关系，talking对应的spontaneity，specking对应craft，可推测演讲是需要精心准备的，而谈话则是自然随意的，因此D选项“非正式的”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressivethere exists no langua

18、ge or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas（他承认，人类语言的所有种类，包括非标准语言，包括黑人英语这样非标准语言，都具有很强的表达力。世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的思想）可知A选项“逻辑思维不一定与我们说话的方式有关”符合题意。4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reformshe is real

19、ly grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.（Mr. McWhorter承认，正式的语言并不是绝对必要的，他并没有提出任何激进的教育改革他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可知Mr. McWhorter认同俄罗斯记住诗歌的做法，认为是something beautiful，对其做法是赞同的，因此B选项“赞赏他们的努力”。5.推理判断题。由he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful（他其实

20、只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可推测paper plates（纸盘）指的是实用性，而china（瓷盘）指美，具有艺术性，因此选C。4.单选题Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work（ ）, we declined the offer.问题1选项A.was not finishedB.has not been finishedC.did not finishD.not having been finished【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格。offer sb. a lift表示“让某人搭

21、便车”。but 做原因状语，当状语的逻辑主语（our work）和句子的主语不一致时，需要用独立主格结构。独立主格结构是由名词或者代词+非谓语动词构成，故空格处应为非谓语动词，因此选D。句意：沃尔特在离开办公室时让我们搭便车，但我们的工作还没有完成，我们拒绝了他的提议。5.单选题He was a lonely, miserable（ ）.问题1选项A.feastB.spouseC.wretchD.dignity【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项feast“盛宴，宴会，（宗教的）节日”；B选项spouse“配偶”；C选项wretch“不幸的人，可怜的人”；D选项dignity“尊严，尊贵”。

22、由lonely（孤独的，孤单的）和miserable（可怜的）可知C选项最符合语境，带有感情色彩。句意：他是一个孤独，悲惨的可怜人。6.单选题It is rather（ ）that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.问题1选项A.misleadingB.boringC.embarrassingD.demanding【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项misleading“误导性的”；B选项boring“无聊的，无趣的”；C选项embarrassing“使人尴尬的，令人为难的”；D选项dema

23、nding“要求高的，要求极严的”。句中的it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，由“we still do not know how many species there are in the world today（我们仍然不知道今天世界上有多少种物种）”可知C选项符合语境。句意：我们现在还不知道世界上有多少物种，这是相当令人尴尬的。7.单选题Plastic heart valves and other human “spare parts” have （ ）possible many recent developments in surgery.问题1选项A.made itB.been m

24、adeC.madeD.become【答案】C【解析】考查语态。句子的主语为Plastic heart valves and other human “spare parts”（塑料心脏瓣膜和其他人体器官“零件”），宾语为many recent developments（最近许多的发展），主语与宾语之间为主动关系，故排除B选项。句子的宾语在possible后面不需要形式宾语，故排除A选项。have become possible表示“成为可能”，have made possible表示“使成为可能”，根据句意可知C选项符合语境。句意：塑料心脏瓣膜和其他人体器官“零件”使最近许多的发展成为可能。8

25、.单选题It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash. Virtually all financial（ ）will be conducted by computer.问题1选项A.transactionsB.transmissionsC.transitionsD.transformations【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项transaction“业务，交易”；B选项transmission“传送，传播”；C选项transition“过渡

26、，转变，变迁”；D选项transformation“变化，改观，转变”。根据financial（财政的，金融的）可知A选项符合语境。句意：由于人们不需要携带大量现金，走在街上会更安全，几乎所有的金融交易都将由计算机进行。9.单选题Teachers complain that English learners（ ）these tests without being able to speak English on a daily topic and write a decent essay.问题1选项A.look throughB.carry throughC.sail throughD.put

27、 through【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项look through“逐一查看，浏览”；B选项carry through“（常指艰难地）做，完成”；C选项sail through“顺利地通过，轻易地做成”；D选项put through“为接通电话，使遭受（不愉快的经历）”。由these tests（这些考试）及语境可知选C。句意：老师们抱怨说，英语学习者能顺利的通过这些考试，却不能用英语进行日常交流，写一篇像样的文章。10.单选题Some of the online services are free, while others（ ） a charge.问题1选项A.carryB.c

28、ashierC.coincideD.collect【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”；B选项cashier“开除，解雇”；C选项coincide“同时发生，相符，一致”；D选项collect“收集，收藏，收取”。while表示对比关系，由Some of the online services are free（一些在线服务是免费的）可知其它一些是收费的，因此选D。句意：有些在线服务是免费的，有些则收取费用。11.单选题Barry had an advantage over his mother （ ）he could speak French.问题1选项A.si

29、nce thatB.in thatC.at thatD.so that【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项since that“从那以后”；B选项in that“因为，在于”；C选项at that“而且，因此”；D选项so that“以便”。根据逻辑关系可知空格后面表示的是原因，因此选B。句意：Barry比他妈妈有优势，因为他会讲法语。12.单选题This kind of material can （ ）heat and moisture.问题1选项A.deleteB.repelC.compelD.constrain【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 delete“删除”；B选项repe

30、l“抗拒，抵御”；C选项compel“强迫，迫使”；D选项constrain“强迫，限制，约束”。根据宾语heat and moisture（热和潮湿）可知B选项符合逻辑。句意：这种材料能抵御热和潮湿。13.单选题Plastics are the best insulator of electricity, rubber（ ）it closely.问题1选项A.followingB.followedC.to followD.being followed【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的不定式表示将来或目的，过去分词表示被动，现在分词表示主动。句中的it指代plastic，此处表示r

31、ubber紧跟plastic后面，为主动关系，因此选A。句意：塑料是最好的绝缘材料，橡胶紧随其后。14.单选题Customers may also be permitted to（ ）their current accounts for a short period in anticipation of a credit item coming in.问题1选项A.overextendB.overdrawC.overvalueD.overpay【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项overextend“过分张开，过分扩展”；B选项overdraw“透支”；C选项overvalue“对估价过高，

32、高估”；D选项overpay“付款过多，多付报酬”。根据current accounts（往来账户）可知B选项符合语境。句意：客户如预知有一笔存入款项即将办理，也可短时期透支其往来账户。15.单选题I （ ）you that the goods will be delivered next week.问题1选项A.ensureB.assureC.confirmD.insist【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ensure“确保，保证”，指确保某事会发生，宾语一般接物，而不是人；B选项assure“使确信，向保证”，其后宾语一搬接人；C选项confirm“（尤指提供证据来）证实，证明，确认”

33、；D选项insist“坚决要求，坚持”。由宾语you可知选B。句意：我向你保证，这批货将于下周交货。16.单选题Its often a mistake to （ ）appearance: that poor-looking individual is anything but poor.问题1选项A.go overB.go byC.go againstD.go for【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项go over“复习，检查”；B选项go by“（时间）流逝，遵循，遵照，以判断”；C选项go against“违背，作对”；D选项go for“适用于”。根据配appearance（外貌，外

34、观）可知B选项符合逻辑，go by appearance表示“以貌取人”。句意：以貌取人往往是不准确的：那个看起来很穷的人根本不穷。17.单选题Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But the one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to

35、 discrimination against those whose surname beginning with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA car has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott h

36、as in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; a

37、nd 26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrtien and K

38、oizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Alien, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely by coincidence? One theory,

39、 dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in th

40、e back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in spea

41、king publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all ten

42、d to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.1.What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?2.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?3.The fourth paragraph suggests that（ ）.4.What does the author mean by “most

43、people are literally having a ZZZ” (Para. 5)?5.Which of the following is true according to the text?问题1选项A.A kind of overlook inequality.B.A type of conspicuous bias.C.A type of personal prejudice.D.A kind of brand discrimination.问题2选项A.In both East and West, names are essential to success.B.The alp

44、habet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.C.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.问题3选项A.questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC.teacher

45、s should pay attention to all of their studentsD.students should be seated according to their eyesight问题4选项A.They are getting impatient.B.They are noisily dozing off.C.They are feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.问题5选项A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treate

46、d.B.VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C.The campaign to eliminate alphabtism still has a long way to go.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, re

47、fers to discrimination against those whose surname beginning with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.（对于那些尚未意识到这一劣势的人来说，这是指对那些姓氏以字母表下半部分的字母开头的人的歧视）可知A选项“一种被忽视的不公平”符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第一段提出字母排序是一种隐藏的歧视；第二三段举例说明字母排序的歧视，因此D选项“某种形式的歧视太微妙以至于无法识别”符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第四段介绍了从入学开始，老师们就按姓氏首字母排序安排学生的座位，很少关注那些由于姓

48、氏首字母靠后而经常被安排在教室的后面，也很少向他们提问，因此C选项“老师们应该关注所有的学生”符合题意。4.词义题。由文章最后一段中的The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.（羞辱还在继续。在大学毕业典礼上，ABC们自豪地获得了他们的奖项；等轮到Zysman们的时候，大多数人实际上

49、已经ZZZ了）可在推测等轮到Zysman们领奖时，其他人由于等的时间太长，差不多都会睡着了。ZZZ表示“（拟声）打鼾声”，dozing off表示“打瞌睡”，因此选B。5.推理判断题。文章主要介绍了字母排序所带来的歧视，这种歧视是隐蔽的，是无意中导致的，因此D选项“按字母顺序排列可能会导致无意的偏见”符合题意。18.单选题In spite of my repeated apologies, she never forgave me for my（ ）her private affairs.问题1选项A.potential forB.expertise ofC.intrusion intoD.i

50、njection into【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项potential for“有潜能/可能”；B选项expertise of“专业技能/知识”；C选项intrusion into“侵入，侵犯，侵扰”；D选项injection into“注射，注入”。由private affairs（隐私）可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：尽管我一再道歉，但她不会原谅我侵犯了她的隐私。19.单选题The （ ）physicist has been challenged by others in his field.问题1选项A.respectableB.respectfulC.respectiveD.

51、respecting【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项respectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的”；B选项respectful“尊敬的，有礼貌的”；C选项respective“各自的，分别的”；D选项respecting“尊敬，尊重”。根据选项的意思，可知A选项最符合句意。句意：这位受人尊敬的物理学家在他的领域受到了其他人的挑战。20.单选题Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, （ ）themselves.问题1选项A.expandingB.prolongingC.stret

52、chingD.extending【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项expand“扩大，增加”；B选项prolong“延长，拉长”；C选项stretch“伸展”；D选项extend“延伸”。此处表示“伸展身体”，因此选C。句意：早上的工作做完后，职员们站在桌子后面伸展身体。21.单选题Chinas（ ）cultural heritage should be better protected through increased efforts to preserve endangered art.问题1选项A.indivisibleB.intelligibleC.intangibleD.ina

53、lienable【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项indivisible“分不开的，不可分割的”；B选项intelligible“易懂的，容易理解的”；C选项intangible“难以形容（或理解）的，无形的（指没有实体存在的资本性资产）”；D选项inalienable“不可剥夺（或分割）的”。由cultural heritage（文化遗产）及语境可知选C。句意：中国的非物质文化遗产应该通过加大努力保护濒危艺术而得到更好的保护。22.单选题The brilliance of his satires was （ ）make even his victims laugh.问题1选项A.so

54、as toB.such as toC.so thatD.such that【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。分析句子结构，可知was后面缺少表语，so是副词不可做表语，排除A、C选项。such as to表示“到如此程度以致，如此以致”，其中的such为代词，在句中作表语；such that表示“到这样的程度”，结合选项意思及句意选B。句意：他写的讽刺作品十分精彩，即便是被他讽刺的那些人也忍不住要笑。23.单选题The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased（ ）, a wide rang

55、e of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.问题1选项A.manipulationB.reproductionC.circulationD.penetration【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项manipulation“操作，处理”；B选项reproduction“繁殖，生殖”；C选项circulation“ （报纸、杂志的）发行量，销售量，流通，传播”；D选项penetration“穿透，渗透”。根据newspapers（报纸）可知C选项符合语境。句意：美国报纸的新技术革命带来了更多的发行量、广泛的出版物和扩大了报纸的就业机

56、会。24.单选题Had the explosion broken out, the passengers in the plane should have been killed, for it was（ ）timed with the planes take-off.问题1选项A.simultaneouslyB.instantaneouslyC.spontaneouslyD.conscientiously【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项simultaneously“同时地”；B选项instantaneously“突如其来地，即刻”；C选项spontaneously“自然地，自发地”；

57、D选项conscientiously“凭良心地，认真地”。当虚拟条件句中的谓语含有were，had， should时，可省略连词if，将were，had， should置于句首。Had the explosion broken out=If the explosion had broken out（如果爆炸突然发生），由“爆炸发生”与“飞机上的乘客死亡”可推测这两个动词应是同时发生的，因此选A。句意：如果爆炸突然发生，飞机上的乘客就会被杀死，因为爆炸发生的时间和飞机起飞的时间是同一时间。25.单选题He set the engine of the car（ ）.问题1选项A.goingB.go

58、C.to goingD.on going【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。set sth. doing表示“使开始”；set to do表示“动手干（认真开始干，争论，拳赛，殴斗）”。此处表示使车的引擎发动，因此选A。句意：他发动了汽车的引擎。26.单选题Newspapers and magazines carry extensive（ ）of diet and health topics, and diet books are among the best sellers.问题1选项A.sketchB.concernC.coverageD.involvement【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。

59、A选项sketch“素描，速写，草图”；B选项concern“担心，忧虑，关心”；C选项coverage“新闻报道，（书、课程学习、电视等的）信息范围，覆盖范围”；D选项involvement“参与，加入”。由主语Newspapers and magazines（报纸和杂志）可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：报纸和杂志对饮食和健康话题进行了广泛的新闻报道，减肥书籍是最畅销书之一。27.单选题We have done all we could and now our cherished project is（ ）our new CEO.问题1选项A.on the agenda ofB.in the

60、power ofC.under the guidance ofD.with the guidance of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on the agenda of“列入会议议程的”；B选项in the power of“受支配，在的控制下”；C选项under the guidance of“在的指导下”；D选项with the guidance of“在的指导下”，作伴随状语表原因。由project（项目）与CEO（执行总裁）之间的关系可知项目应处于CEO的控制下较符合逻辑搭配。句意：我们已经竭尽所能，现在我们珍视的项目掌握在新任CEO的手中。28.单选题Crowd contro