2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号4

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题If you cant give up smoking completely, at least try to（ ） .问题1选项A.take downB.turn downC.cut downD.set down【答案】C【解析】take down放下, 记下；turn down关小, 调低；cut down削减, 减少；settle down定居, 专心于。句意:如果你不能完全戒烟, 至少应该试着减少吸烟。选项C符合句意。2

2、.写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on Private Schools in China. The essay should be based on the outline below:1.Their advantages;2.Their disadvantages;3.Your comments.【答案】Private Schools in ChinaIt is known to all that more and more private schools have b

3、een set up in our country since 1990s. To a certain degree, those schools are able to make up for the shortage of schools in China. With the advent of more and more private schools, a lot of people show their interest in them. As a result, many students have been enrolled in these schools.Private sc

4、hools have many advantages. First of all, they relieve the financial burden of the government. Although the government has kept providing money for establishing pubic schools, it cannot satisfy the increasing demand of public education. Besides, these schools usually provide a better learning enviro

5、nment for students consisting of better facilities and better teaching equipment. Furthermore, the salary of teachers in private schools is normally higher than that in public schools. Therefore, they can attract qualified teachers.As far as I am concerned, I wont send my child to a private school.

6、For one thing, the teaching quality in private schools in China is generally not as good as that in public schools. For another, the tuition fee in a private school is normally higher than that in a public school. Last but not least, students who graduate from private schools are usually discriminat

7、ed against while seeking their jobs.3.单选题Our （ ）with the President at the airport was exciting.问题1选项A.arrivalB.encounterC.endeavorD.refreshment【答案】B【解析】根据句意:我们在机场偶遇总统, 这真的令人激动不已。只有选项B符合句意。4.单选题For most of us, work is the central, dominating factor of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours

8、 at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important, the indignities and injust

9、ices of work can be pushed into a corner; that because more work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable fut

10、ure the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work

11、 is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which ar

12、ise directly or indirectly from the inequality at work. Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develo

13、p their abilities. They are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and the others working lives. Most important of all, they have the opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, work is a boring, monotonous, even painful experien

14、ce. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable for themselves by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work ; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often produ

15、ction is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm

16、, whether it is in public or in private ownership.1.According to the author, its true about work that（ ） .2.What advantage do managers have over the other workers?3.Working conditions generally remain bad because （ ）.4.What frustrates the workers in a modern society?问题1选项A.ones happy life largely de

17、pends on whether his work is rewardingB.concentrating on your work is a counsel when you are in despairC.people should try to avoid the intolerable unfairness of workD.dignity becomes more and more important than work问题2选项A.They can control other peoples lives.B.They can make their own decisions.C.T

18、hey can work at whatever interests them.D.They can get time off to attend courses.问题3选项A.the workers lose their interests to change themB.few people can decide what to do about themC.office workers want to protect their positionsD.managers do not want to change them问题4选项A.Their work interferes with

19、their private lives.B.They are incapable of doing their work properly.C.They feel they are just a small and subordinate part of it.D.Their lives are complicated due to technological advances.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段倒数第二句“For the foreseeable future . the satisfaction that life can offe

20、r.”在可预见的将来, 工作所能提供的物质和精神回报以及工作环境, 将继续在决定生活所能提供的满意度方面发挥重要作用。也就是说, 一个人的幸福生活在很大程度上取决于他的工作是否有回报。选项A符合原文。2.根据第三段的三四句“Their jobs engage their interest . the others working lives.”他们对自己的工作感兴趣, 能够发挥自己的才能。他们能够履行职责;对自己和他人的工作有相当大的控制权。由此可以推断, 经理的优势就是可以自己做决定, 选项B符合原文。3.根据第三段“They spend all their working lives in

21、 conditions which would be regarded as intolerable for themselves by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue.”他们所有的工作生活都是在一种他们认为无法忍受的条件下度过的, 而作出决定的人却让这种条件继续下去。这里“作出决定的人”指的就是经理, 所以选项D正确。4.根据第三段最后几句, 大多数人对自己的工作几乎没有控制权;没有个人发展的机会。通常生产是如此设计的, 工人只是技术的一部分。在办公室里, 许多工作都是例行公事, 以至于工人们理所

22、当然地觉得自己只是官僚机器的齿轮。选项C符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:5.单选题All theories（ ） from practice and in turn serve practice.问题1选项A.originateB.restrainC.modifyD.reflect【答案】A【解析】originate from为常用词组, 表示“起源于, 来源于”。句意:一切理论都来源于实践, 反过来又为实践服务。选项A符合句意。6.单选题The new documentary Bully is powerful stuff. Try to get through even just the

23、 opening sequence without tearing up. Hopefully it will wake up parents,teachers,and school administrators. But lets also hope they respond thoughtfully to this burning film, because too often in our rush to address a problem, American educators and politicians have a well-intentioned overreaction t

24、hat minimizes common sense in favor of blanket solutions.Many schools in the United States are genuinely trying to curb child-on-child abuse and,at long last,are paying more attention to the cruel,unpleasant remarks. But at the same time, we have to remember that not every unpleasant, or even advers

25、e,interaction between students constitutes bullying. In some places, anti-bullying policies are now so expansive that they make eye-rolling a punishable offense,lumping it in with other forms of verbal and physical assault. Doing so not only takes a serious issue to the realm of the absurd,it also d

26、ilutes the importance of anti-bullying efforts in general. If everything is bullying, then nothing is.Some kids have already figured out how to turn the new system on its head. In some schools zeal to address bullying, every claim is immediately elevated beyond the classroom teacher to a meeting wit

27、h the principal. A parent in California said that last month that an elementary-school bully began threatening to report her victims as bullies so they would have to suffer through such a meetingand in effect creating a bullying hall of mirrors.Weve been here before. Weapons and drugs in schools are

28、 a serious problem,too. In response,school districts, states,and the federal government began to favor zero-tolerance policies. In short order, “zero-tolerance” policies became the joking point for late-night comics as kids were suspended for bringing to school aspirin, acne medicine, or a G. I. Joe

29、 doll with a small plastic gun.The obvious lesson there and with bullying is that there is no substitute for discretion and judgment by the adults in charge. In some circumstances, eye-rolling could be abusive behavior just as aspirin can be used or abused. But adults shouldnt give up the hard role

30、of making nuanced judgment calls by creating ridiculously rigid discipline codes. Replacing thoughtless inaction with thoughtless action wont solve the problem.1.What does the author say about peoples reaction to bullying?2.What is the strategy of the kids in dealing with anti-bullying policies?3.Th

31、e “zero-tolerance” policies towards drugs and weapons ended up being（ ）.4.The word “there” in the first line of the last paragraph refers to（ ）.问题1选项A.They wake up thoughtfully.B.They demonstrate little common sense.C.They attach importance to the film.D.They go too far.问题2选项A.To assault the princip

32、al at the meeting.B.To turn the classroom into a wall of mirrors.C.To pay attention to kids verbal remarks.D.To render them ineffective by abusing bullying.问题3选项A.elevatedB.suspendedC.ridiculedD.condemned问题4选项A.with eye-rolling and punishable offensesB.with verbal and physical assaultC.with aspirin

33、and acne medicineD.with drugs and weapons【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段最后一句“.American educators and politicians have a well-intentioned overreaction that minimizes common sense in favor of blanket solutions.”因为在我们急于解决问题的过程中, 美国教育家和政客往往出于善意, 反应过度, 而忽略了有利于全面解决方案的常识。所以选项D（他们反应过度）符合原文。选项B是选项D产生

34、的结果, 所以选项D更恰当。2.根据第三段第一句“Some kids have already figured out how to turn the new system on its head.”有些孩子已经想出办法如何颠覆这个新系统。根据本段的例子也可以看出, 孩子们恃强凌弱使得系统失去效率。选项D符合原文。3.根据第四段最后一句“zero-tolerance” policies became the joking point.”零容忍政策成为了一个笑柄。选项C与原文意思相近。4.根据原文可知, 前面两段分别讲了校园欺凌和毒品武器的问题, 最后一段总结这两种事件给人们带来的经验教训。所以

35、there指的是持有毒品和武器, 选项D符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:7.单选题When the engine did not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at （ ）.问题1选项A.wrongB.troubleC.faultD.difficulty【答案】C【解析】at fault为固定搭配，意为“出毛病, 有故障”。句意：当发动机不启动时，机修工检查了所有的部件以找出故障所在。选项C符合句意。8.写作题In this part, you are required to write an ess

36、ay of no less than 200 words on Innovation Consciousness of Ph. D. Students in China. The essay should be based on the outline below:1.1.Importance of innovation consciousness in research work;2.Current situation of innovation consciousness of Ph. D. students in China;3.Measures to enhance innovatio

37、n consciousness of Ph. D. students in China.【答案】Innovation Consciousness of Ph. D. Students in ChinaChina is marching toward an innovative country. Innovation is, so to speak, Chinas national spirit. Without innovation, China would have no further development. In other words, innovation can promote

38、Chinas social progress and increase its productivity. Its social progress and increase in productivity depend to a large extent on scientific innovation of its Ph. D. candidates. Ph. D. candidates innovation consciousness plays an important role in doing their research work well.There is no gainsayi

39、ng the fact that the overwhelming majority of Ph. D. candidates with innovation consciousness in China have put forward a lot of innovative viewpoints or developed plenty of innovative products, which are undoubtedly conducive to the construction of our socialist modernization. But frankly speaking,

40、 some Ph. D. candidates lack innovation consciousness. They tend to do what they are told to do by their Ph. D. supervisors. They respect their supervisors so much so that they do not dare to enjoy too much academic freedom, to say nothing of putting forward viewpoints quite different from their sup

41、ervisors even if theirs are reasonable. Otherwise, they may offend their supervisors and may not be allowed to earn their doctors degrees. Such a phenomenon is undoubtedly bad for the cultivation of innovation consciousness of Ph. D. candidates in China.Here Id like to make some suggestions on how t

42、o enhance innovation consciousness of Ph. D. candidates in China. In the first place, we should create excellent academic atmosphere for Ph. D. candidates. We should encourage those with academic courage to propose creative scientific ideas conflicting with or even entirely contrary to old-fashioned

43、 ones. In the second place, we should award prizes to Ph. D. candidates who have created innovative products and their supervisors. Last but not least, we should not let those who have no creative ideas in their dissertations get their doctors degrees.9.翻译题A recent phenomenon in present-day science

44、and technology is the increasing trend toward “directed” or “programmed” research; i. e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves. Any scientist working for such organizations and investigating in a given field th

45、erefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand.At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense; the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most

46、, assisted by one or two technicians. Nevertheless, the scientist, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms, was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined program to which he had to conform.As the century developed, the increasing magn

47、itude and complexity of the problems to be solved made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently. The increasing scale and scope of the experiment

48、s needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques and industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly-complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. Owing to the large sum of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human an

49、d material resources into specific channels with clearly- defined objectives. In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed (programmatic) research.One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cau

50、se the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little in

51、terest in long-range investigations.In consequence, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.Owing to the inte

52、rdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of sciencenot only pure science, but applied science as well.【答案】现代科学技术的一个最新现象是:科学研究越来越朝着“有领导的”或“有计划的”趋势发展， 也就是说，研究的范围和目标是由私营机构或政府机构，而不是由研究人员自己事先决定的。随着本世

53、纪时间的推移，有待解决的问题的重要性与日俱增，其复杂性日趋深化。这就使单个的科学家在许多情况下无法处理进行精确而又高效研究所需要的大量新资料、新技术和新设备。因此，科学家不断从纯科学领域转移到应用科学领域，因为这一领域有更多的工作机会。同大学里的纯理论研究工作相比，这些工作的待遇往往更优厚，技术设施也更好。10.单选题It has long been recognized that the immigrant generation often arrives in a new land as pioneers with dreams of making a better life for th

54、emselves as well as for their children. The objectives of the first generation are relatively clear:get a job, earn money, learn a new language,if possible,offer an education to the children, and in general improve their lot in life. Family reunification is another powerful motive driving many new a

55、rrivals. Some new immigrants, perhaps more than the current anti-immigration lobby may realize, often wish eventually to return home to settle there once financial considerations allow it.The obvious difficulties that most immigrants face include language inadequacies, a general unfamiliarity with t

56、he customs and expectations of the new country ( what anthropologists refer to as “cultural discontinuities”), limited economic opportunities, poor housing conditions, discrimination, xenophobia, and what psychologists term the “stresses of acculturation”.Despite these obstacles,in many cases,immigr

57、ants experience their lot as being better than it was in their country of origin. Because of a perception of relative material improvement, many immigrants may fail to internalize the anti-immigrant negative attitudes of the host country toward them, maintaining their country of origin as a point of

58、 reference. In addition,recent immigrants commonly view and experience their current lot not in terms of the ideals and expectations of the majority society but rather in terms of the ideals and expectations of the “old culture”.This is part of an interesting orientation that has been termed “the im

59、migrants dual frame of reference”. The Suarez-Orozcos have noticed immigrants are constantly comparing and contrasting their current lot in the host society against their experiences, opportunities, and expectations in the country of origin. During the earliest phases of immigration,the new arrivals

60、 may come to realize the new country as a land of unlimited opportunities, concentrating on the negative aspects of life in the land left behind. The second generation, in contrast, cannot compare their own current experiences to previous experiences of relative deprivation. Instead,their standard o