2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号24

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Iceland lies far north in the Atlantic, with its northern most tip actually the Arctic Circle.问题1选项A.touchedB.touchingC.being touchedD.touches【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据前半部分内容可知句子已经有谓语部分，因此空格处不可能再出现谓语形式，因此可知只能选择非谓语动词。再判断出Icel

2、and与 Arctic Circle是主动关系，因此选项B符合题意。句意：冰岛位于大西洋北部，最北端与北极圈相接。2.单选题You cannot ignorance as your excuse; you should have known what was happening all along.问题1选项A.refer toB.defendC.pleadD.persist in【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer to “参考，涉及”；defend “辩护；防护”；plead “借口”；persist in “坚持；固执于”。句意：你不能拿无知当借口；你本就应该知道发生了什么事情

3、。3.翻译题亚洲是地球上最大的洲，面积占世界陆地近百分之三十，人口约占世界总人口的百分之六十。亚洲有巨大的市场需求潜力和坚实的发展基础。它还富有自然和人力资源。它有悠久的历史和文化。亚洲的多元文化生机勃勃，促进了它的发展。目前，世界正步入多元化的进程，经济全球化日益突出。这给亚洲提供了新的机遇，同时也使它面临着挑战。【答案】Asia is the largest continent on earth, with nearly 30 percent of the world land area and 60 percent of the world population. Asia has a

4、huge market with big potential and a solid foundation for development. It is also rich in natural and human resources. It has a long history and culture. The diversity of cultures in Asia is alive and has contributed to its development. At present, the world is entering the process of diversificatio

5、n, and economic globalization is increasingly prominent, which presents Asia with new opportunities as well as challenges.4.单选题_ I admit that there are problems, I dont think that they cannot be solved.问题1选项A.WhileB.UnlessC.AsD.Since【答案】A【解析】考查连词的用法。句意：尽管我承认有问题，但我不认为它们不可解决。选项A符合题意。5.单选题Design of all

6、 the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human “guinea pig” is tested using a regular tool. Measurements are taken of the amount of work done, and the buildup of heat in the body. Twisted joints and stretched muscles cannot perform as well,

7、it has been found, as joints and muscles in their normal positions. The same person is then tested again, using a tool designed according to the suggestions made by Dr. Tichauer. All these tests have shown the great improvement of the new designs over the old.One of the electronic instruments used b

8、y Dr. Tichauer, the myograph, makes visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle.Another machine measures any dangerous features of tools, thus proving information upon which to base a new design. One conclusion of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more

9、stable and safer to use than one with four legs.This work has attracted the attention of efficiency experts and time-and-motion-study engineer, but its value goes far beyond that. Dr. Tichauers first thought is for the health of the tool user. With the repeated use of the same tool all day long on p

10、roduction lines and in other jobs, even light manual work can put a heavy stress on one small area of the body. In time, such stress can cause a disabling disease. Furthermore, muscle fatigue is a serious safety hazard.Efficiency is the by-product of comfort, Dr. Tichauer believes, and his new desig

11、ns fortraditional tools have proved his point.1. What are involved in the design of a new tool according to the passage?2. From the passage we know that joints and muscles perform best when .3. A “myograph” (Para. A.2, Line 1) is an electronic instrument that .4. It can be inferred from the passage

12、that .5. Dr. Tichauer started his experiments initially to .问题1选项A.Electronic instruments and a regular toolB.A human “guinea pig” and a regular toolC.Electronic instruments and a human “guinea pig”D.Electronic instruments, a human “guinea pig” and a regular tool问题2选项A.they are twisted and stretched

13、B.they are in their normal positionsC.they are tested with a human “guinea pig”D.they are tested with electronic instruments问题3选项A.is able to design new toolsB.measures the amount of energy usedC.enable people to see the muscular movementsD.visualizes electrical signals问题4选项A.a stepladder used to ha

14、ve four legsB.it is dangerous to use toolsC.a tripod is safer in a tool designD.workers are safer on production lines问题5选项A.improve efficiencyB.increase productionC.reduce work loadD.improve comfort【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段前面两句Design of all the new tools and implements is base

15、d on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human “guinea pig” is tested using a regular tool可知做该实验涉及到了electronic instruments, a human “guinea pig”和a regular tool，选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第四句话Twisted joints and stretched muscles cannot perform as well, it has been found, as joints a

16、nd muscles in their normal positions可知选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容the myograph, makes visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle可知选项C符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章第三段第二句提到用新机器做实验的一个结论是，三脚架的活梯比四脚活梯用起来更稳定、更安全（One conclusion of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more stable

17、 and safer to use than one with four legs），由此可知以前的梯子都是四脚的，因此选项A符合题意。5.推理判断题。文章倒数第二段第二句提到Dr. Tichauer最初的想法是为了工具使用者的健康（Dr. Tichauers first thought is for the health of the tool user），随后提到使用新机器可以减少人的压力，由此可知选项D符合题意。6.单选题The famous scientist his success to hard work.问题1选项A.ascribedB.grantedC.impartedD.ac

18、knowledged【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ascribe “归因于”，一般与to 搭配，ascribe to “把归于”；grant “（合法地）授予”；impart “告知”；acknowledge “承认，确认”。句意：这位著名的科学家将其成功归功于努力。选项A符合题意。7.单选题The presidents speech was so that many people were persuaded to accept the need for change.问题1选项A.expressiveB.inherentC.eloquentD.frequent【答案】C【解析】考查形

19、容词词义辨析。expressive “表现的”；inherent “固有的，内在的”；eloquent “雄辩的，有口才的”；frequent “频繁的”。句意：总统的演讲非常有说服力，以至于许多人都被说服接受了变革的必要性。选项C符合题意。8.单选题Improvements in quality control techniques have resulted in more high-quality products with very few _.问题1选项A.failuresB.defectsC.routesD.spots【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。failures “失败”；

20、defects “缺点”；routes “路线”；spots “斑点”。句意：质量控制技术的改进使产品质量更高，缺陷更少。选项B符合题意。9.单选题It is found by scientists that the disease that causes cold can be by air and by close contact.问题1选项A.transmittedB.infectedC.transformedD.transferred【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Transmit “传输”；infect “感染，传染”；transform “改变，变形”；transfer “转让

21、”。句意：科学家发现，引起感冒的疾病可以通过空气和密切接触传染。选项B符合题意。10.单选题When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassme

22、nt to your society.Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching

23、pad （发射台）. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is an and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns（报酬递减率）begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per ye

24、ar than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24, 000, while the full professors managed to average just $23, 030.A Ph. D. D.is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned

25、to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world by far.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages orworst of allin p

26、hilosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high sc

27、hool or backwater college pays much less than the janitor （看门人）earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.1. According to the writ

28、er, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who_.2. If you are as gifted as Bernard Shaw or Edison, _.3. Ph.D.s are most likely to .4. Which of the following is NOT true?5. The writer is critical of .问题1选项A.will not be a shame to the societyB.will become skilled workersC.can take

29、 care of themselvesD.can meet the demands as a source of manpower问题2选项A.you can get a high school diploma without difficultyB.you will be successful in a grade schoolC.you can be professionally successful without a diplomaD.the least you should do is to get a diploma问题3选项A.have difficulties getting

30、properly employedB.be employed in the fields of commerce or industryC.have to fill out application forms month after month for othersD.work in schools or colleges with low pay问题4选项A.Bernard Shaw didnt finish high schools, nor did EdisonB.There are far more Ph D s than the society demandsC.The higher

31、 your education level, the more money you will earnD.If you are too well-educated, youll make things difficult for the society问题5选项A.the employeesB.the Ph D sC.the employersD.the society【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句提到他们真正的期望是获得足够的教育来为社会提供人力（What they really mean is to get just en

32、ough education to provide manpower for your society），因此选项D符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到高中文凭是必要的，如果没有的话，除非你是萧伯纳或者爱迪生，如果你是他们，你小学辍学都行（unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school），因为他们就算没有文凭，也在各自领域中脱颖而出，因此选项C符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第五段倒数第一句话提

33、到美国失业或未充分就业的博士人数比世界上其他国家要多（There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world by far），由此可知选项A符合题意。4.判断推理题。根据文章第五段可知很多博士就业问题并不是很理想，由此可知选项C表述是错误的，符合题意。5.判断推理题。无论是雇主、雇员还有博士生本人都是属于社会中的一员，一系列状况都是社会发展导致的，因此作者批判的是这个社会，因此选项D符合题意。11.单选题Labor and management have

34、 agreed on a temporary settlement, thereby a strike.问题1选项A.startingB.forestallingC.causingD.accelerating【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。start “开始”；forestall “预先阻止”；cause “导致”；accelerate “使加快”。根据关键信息 a temporary settlement可知是暂时解决了问题，因此阻止了罢工（strike）。选项B符合题意。句意：劳资双方达成了协议，一场罢工被阻止。12.单选题Humidity is so intense in some

35、parts of the tropics that Europeans find that they are unable to _ it.问题1选项A.maintainB.persistC.endureD.sustain【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。maintain “维持”；persist “坚持；持续”；endure “忍耐，容忍”；sustain “维持，支撑”。句意：热带部分地区的湿度过于强烈以至于很多欧洲人难以忍受。选项C符合题意。13.单选题There are nowadays not many teachers who are strong of traditional

36、methods in classroom teaching.问题1选项A.sponsorsB.contributorsC.advocatesD.performers【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Sponsors “赞助商”；contributors “贡献者，参与者”；advocates “拥护者，提倡者”；performers “表演者，执行者”。句意：现在提倡在教学中使用传统方法的老师不多了。选项C符合题意。14.单选题While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded the nurse Florence Nightin

37、gale.问题1选项A.in favor ofB.in honor ofC.in line withD.in place of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。in favor of “支持，赞同”；in honor of “为纪念”；in line with “符合，与一致”；in place of “替代”。句意：在伦敦，我们参观了为纪念护士南丁格尔而创立的医院。选项B符合题意。15.单选题Though he wheedled and threatened, she didnt any details of the plan.问题1选项A.give offB.give awayC.give

38、overD.give up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。give off “发出（光）等”；give away “赠送，丧失；泄露”；give over “停止；交出”；give up “放弃；交出”。句意：尽管他时而甜言蜜语，时而威胁，她没有透露计划的任何细节。16.单选题That part of the city has long been for its street violence and disorder.问题1选项A.notoriousB.famousC.illegalD.responsible【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Notorious “臭名昭著的”；famou

39、s “著名的”；illegal “非法的”；responsible “负责的”。句意：该市那个地区由于街头暴力和无秩序而长时间臭名昭著。选项A符合题意。17.单选题_ all our kindness to help her; Sara refused to listen.问题1选项A.AtB.InC.ForD.On【答案】D【解析】考查介词词义辨析。at “在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置等）”；in “在内”；for “对；为了”；on “在之上；对于，关于”。句意：对于我们的友好帮助，萨拉拒绝了。选项D符合题意。18.单选题In order to repair barns, buil

40、d fence, grow crop and care for animals, a farmer must indeed be _.问题1选项A.restlessB.ceaselessC.availableD.versatile【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。restless “焦躁不安的”；ceaseless “不断的”；available “可获得的”；versatile “多才多艺的”。句意：为了修复谷仓，建造栅栏，种植作物和照顾动物，农民需要学会各种技能。选项D符合题意。19.单选题TBA Industrial Products produces asbestos (石棉) t

41、extiles for brake linings. The company is just instituting a programme to reduce the asbestos in the air at the plant to a maximum 0.5 fibers per milliliter of airthe control limit imposed by the Health and Safety Executive irresponsible. With constant exposure to that level, according to a report b

42、y an Ontario Royal Commission, between one and four out of 100 people working for 25 years could expect to die of a asbestos-related cancer. Yet David Gee, health and safety officer of the General, Municipal and Boiler-makers Union, accepts that the company should go no lower. Why?Problem number one

43、 is assessing the risk and the difference that proposed safety measures would make to it. There are three basic categories, to which the HSEs policy-makers workin the jargon, corpses, cancers and catastrophes.“Corpses” are the victims of one-off accidents. A wealth of evidence on such accidents exis

44、ts, and the effects of measures to combat them are easily calculated.“Cancers”, the killer diseases that can arise from working long periods in unsafe environments, are harder to assess. The diseases may not appear until years after the process was first initiated, and the relationship between cause

45、 and effect is often controversial.Assessing the potential for “catastrophes” -like Bhopal, Seveso or Flixborough_ in which tens of thousands of people can be affected is harder still. Such events are exceedingly rare so they cannot be predicted on the basis of past experience. Instead engineering e

46、xperts think of everything that could go wrongand of the things that could go wrong with the precautions. The probability of an accident is then expressed in terms of the number of likely catastrophes per 10,000 years, usually a fraction of one. This process yields an estimate of the risk of loss of

47、 life for each plant or process. The next stage is to put a money value on it.The classic economists calculation uses what is called the “human capital” approach. The dead person is valued as a machine who would otherwise have produced goods.This callous calculus made no allowance for what most peop

48、le would regard as the main cost of a lost life-the pain, grief and suffering. That has now changed, thanks to work by Professor Michael Jones-Lee and his colleagues at Newcastle University. They asked members of the public what risks they would be prepared to run for what overall rewards. This proc

49、ess yields estimates of the subjective value of lives. The answer seems to come out between lm and 2m.1. Why is TBA Industrial Products about to reduce asbestos levels in the air at their plant?2. “Cancers” are harder to assess than “corpses” because .3. What does the assessment of the potential for

50、 “catastrophes” rely on?4. The writer suggests that the “human capital” approach is .5. A typical question posed by Professor Jones-Lee and his colleagues would have been:问题1选项A.To comply with a report by the Ontario Royal CommissionB.Because the Union is demanding stricter safety measuresC.Because

51、present levels are above those set by the HSED.To improve the quality of their brake linings问题2选项A.the safety measures employed vary a great dealB.Tthere are far more of themC.Tthe wealth of evidence has not yet been analyzedD.Iit is difficult to trace the cause of some diseases问题3选项A.An analysis of

52、 a few past disasters.B.Mathematical probability calculations.C.A comparison of “cancers” and “corpses”.D.Reports of a companys capital.问题4选项A.unreliable and riskyB.invaluable and subjectiveC.too rough and readyD.clinical and inhumane问题5选项A.How much do you think a persons life is worth?B.Would you s

53、ay you enjoy taking risks at work?C.How much would you work in an asbestos factory for?D.What reward would you expect for saving someones life?【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第一段提到公司计划减少工厂排放至空气中的石棉含量，即每毫升空气中纤维含量最多0.5，这是卫生安全局定下的范围（The company is just instituting a programme to reduce the a

54、sbestos in the air at the plant to a maximum 0.5 fibers per milliliter of airthe control limit imposed by the Health and Safety Executive irresponsible），因此可以推测目前的含量超过了这个范围，才会需要降低，因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第四段最后一句话提到这些致命的疾病可能要在多年后才出现，而其产生的原因和导致的结果之间的关系具有争议性（The diseases may not appear until years after the

55、 process was first initiated, and the relationship between cause and effect is often controversial），因此选项D符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据文章第五段第四句话The probability of an accident is then expressed in terms of the number of likely catastrophes per 10,000 years, usually a fraction of one可知选项B符合题意。4.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段第一句话Thi

56、s callous calculus made no allowance for what most people would regard as the main cost of a lost life-the pain, grief and suffering中的callous（无情的，麻木的）可知人力资本方法是残忍的，选项D符合题意。5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话The answer seems to come out between lm and 2m，可知回答的是某种 事物的价格，因此选项A符合题意。20.单选题It is not uncommon for there _

57、 problems of communication between the old and the young.问题1选项A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：年轻一代与老一代之间的交流存在问题，这种情况非常罕见。此处是there be句型，根据句子结构，可知此处并不缺少谓语动词，因而只能使用非谓语动词，选项A符合题意。21.单选题These days, Jenny has consumed a lot and has a whole of bills waiting to be paid.问题1选项A.stackB.pileC.nu

58、mberD.sequence【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。a stack of bills “一堆账单”。句意：这些天，珍妮买了很多东西，有大堆账单等着支付。选项A符合题意。22.单选题For many years, artists have flocked to Paris, France, to paint or to learn to paint. Perhaps artists first went there because of the citys beauty. They went to paint pictures of the broad tree-lined street

59、s, the great churches, and the graceful river bridges. The artists felt comfortable in Paris because the people of the city had always enjoyed art. Paris had great art museums, filled with famous paintings and statues from many countries. And the people of Paris had always welcomed new ideas. In thi

60、s city artists felt free to experiment with new ways of painting. As soon as famous artists painted in Paris, students came to learn them. People came to buy paintings. Men called art dealers set up galleries where paintings could be bought and sold. Others kept shops that sold artists paints and su