2022年考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号29

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题First we should exclude all facts and observations that are not （ ） to the investigation in question.问题1选项A.equivalentB.relevantC.similarD.inferior【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。equivalent “相等的”；relevant “相关的”；similar “相似的”；inf

2、erior “下等的”。句意：首先，我们应该排除所有与当下调查无关的事实和意见。选项B符合题意。2.单选题We （ ）Edisons success to his intelligence and hard work.问题1选项A.subjectB.attributeC.oweD.refer【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。subject to “使服从”；attribute to “把归因于”；owe to “归功于”；refer to “参考，涉及”。句意：我们把爱迪生的成功归因于他的聪明和努力。选项B符合题意。3.单选题Children always are （ ） about thi

3、ngs they do not know.问题1选项A.curiousB.queerC.strangeD.quaint【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Curious “好奇的”；queer “奇怪的”；strange “奇怪的”；quaint “离奇有趣的”。句意：孩子们往往对他们所不知道的事情感到好奇。选项A符合题意。4.单选题Movie directors use music to（ ） the action on the screen.问题1选项A.contaminateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。c

4、ontaminate “污染”；compliment “恭维”；contemplate “沉思，注视”； complement “补充”。句意：电影导演用音乐来补充荧幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。5.单选题I am sure you would have seen her if you （ ）that evening.问题1选项A.had turned outB.had turned onC.had turned inD.had turned up【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turn out “结果是”；turn on “打开”；turn in “交上”；turn up “出现”。句意：

5、我确信如果你那天晚上出现的话肯定能够看到她。选项D符合题意。6.单选题The （ ）of the soil can be increased by using more fertilizers.问题1选项A.produceB.productC.productivityD.production【答案】C【解析】考查形似名词词义辨析。produce “产品”；product “产品，结果”；productivity “生产力”；production “成果，产品”。句意：通过使用更多肥料来提高土壤的生产力。选项C符合题意。7.单选题 ） ofthe delivery port and shippi

6、ng is available atany time.问题1选项A.garageB.cabinetC.capsuleD.warehouse【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。garage “车库”；cabinet “橱柜”；capsule “胶囊”；warehouse “仓库”。句意：完成的产品都储藏在一个交货港的仓库里，随时都可以交货。选项D符合题意。8.单选题Many tourists were （ ）by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考

7、查动词词义辨析。degrade “降级，降低，退化”；bewilder “使迷惑”；evoke “引起，唤起”；divert “转移”。句意：很多游客都被这个城市复杂的交通系统弄得晕头转向。选项B符合题意。9.单选题Mary once（ ） with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.collaboratedC.coincidedD.constituted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。merge “混合”；collaborate “合作”；coincide “一致”；constitute “组成

8、，构成”。句意：玛丽曾经与另外一位音乐家合作写了一首流行曲。选项B符合题意。10.单选题They announced to the （ ） guests that they were engaged to be married.问题1选项A.adoptedB.acquiredC.accumulatedD.assembled【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。adopt “采取，采纳”；acquire “获得”；accumulate “积攒”；assemble “集合，聚集”。句意：他们向聚集在一起的客人宣布他们订婚的消息。选项D符合题意。11.翻译题It is simple enough to

9、 say that since books have classes- fiction, biography, poetry-we should separate them and take from each what is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be tr

10、ue, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker a

11、nd accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve, and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist, and turn of the first

12、sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分，我们就应该把它们分类，从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来很容易。然而很少有人

13、要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书，要求小说必须真实，要求诗歌必须虚构，要求传记谄媚，要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这些偏见，将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者，而是要去理解他，成为他的伙伴。如果你将自己置身事外，并且从一开始就批判他，你就无法从书中获得最大的价值。但是如果你敞开心扉，那么书中精细入微的寓言和暗示便会让你从开头那些晦涩的句子中绕出来，把你带到一个独特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去钻研，你很快会发现，作者正向你阐述的或者是试图向你阐述的东西是一些比原来要明确得多的东西。12.单选题Visions are asked to （ ）with

14、 the regulations.问题1选项A.conflictB.consultC.complyD.contrast【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conflict “冲突”；consult “咨询”；comply “遵守”；contrast “对比”。句意：愿景被要求遵守于规则。选项C符合题意。13.单选题Many of the inventions that made people （ ）and have determined the inventions of American industry were related to agriculture and food produc

15、tion.问题1选项A.abundantB.affluentC.sufficientD.pleasant【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Abundant “丰富的，充裕的”；affluent “富裕的，丰富的”；sufficient “足够的，充分的”；pleasant “令人愉快的，舒适的”。句意：那些使人们富裕并且决定了美国工业创新的大多数发明都与农业和食物生产相关。空格处所填的单词是作people的补足语，所以选项B符合题意。14.单选题There is no easy solution to Japans labor（ ） .问题1选项A.declineB.vacancyC.ra

16、rityD.shortage【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline “下降”；vacancy “空缺，空白”；rarity “罕见；珍品”；shortage “缺少”。句意：日本劳动力不足的问题很难解决。选项D符合题意。15.单选题Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her （ ）for a whole week. (98/6)问题1选项A.constrainedB.dominatedC.restrictedD.occupied【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。constrained “被强迫的”；dominated

17、“占主导地位的”；restricted “受限制的；occupied “使用中的；无空闲的”。句意：她热衷于给这个大房子重新装修，为此她会忙碌整个星期。选项D符合题意。16.单选题These instruments, which break up structures only to examine them more fully, demonstrate how details can be（ ） and separated from the whole.问题1选项A.amplifiedB.magnifiedC.exemplifiedD.signified【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

18、amplify “扩大，放大”，多指将声音或者电流放大； magnify “放大”，多指通过放大镜等物品将影像扩大；exemplify “示例”；signify “表示，意指”。句意：通过将设备打开而进行更详细的检查，这些工具展示了如何将细节扩大并把它们从整体中区分开来。选项B符合题意。17.单选题If we （ ）our relations with that country, well have to find another supplier of rawmaterials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查动

19、词词义辨析。diffuse “扩散”；diminish “减少”；terminate “使终止，使结束”；preclude “排除，妨碍”。句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国。选项C符合题意。18.翻译题The “standard of living” of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which the country produces. A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first a

20、nd foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: “goods” such as food and clothing, and “services” such as transport and entertainment.A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, mos

21、t of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other reg

22、ions possess perhaps only one of these things, and some regions possess none of them. The U.S.A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural resources within her borders, her soil is fertile, and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the

23、 least wealthy.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the U.S.A. in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political co

24、nditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a countrys people. Old

25、countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can p

26、ut their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.【答案】任何一个国家的“生活水平”指的是那个国家生产的产品和提供的服务为普通民众所分享的情况。因此，一个国家的生活水平首先取决于它创造财富的能力。在这个意义上的“财富”并不是指钱，因为我们并不依靠钱而是依靠钱能买到的东西生存：比如像食物和衣服这样的“东西”，像交通和娱乐这样的“服务”。一个国家创造财富的能力取决于很多因素，这些因素相互影响。财富在很大程度上依靠国家的自然资

27、源，比如煤、金矿以及其他矿藏、肥沃的土壤和适宜的气候。有些地区可能只有这些资源中的一种，而有些地区一样都没有。美国是世界上最富裕的国家之一，因为在她的境内有着丰富的自然资源，肥沃的土壤和多样的气候。与之相反，撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最贫困的地区之一。仅次于自然资源的是使用这些资源的能力。中国也许和美国一样拥有丰富的自然资源，但是遭受多年的内战外战，以及一些其他的原因导致中国没有很好地利用她的能源。安稳的政治环境、免受外来侵略势力的威胁才能让一个国家和平稳定地发展本国自然资源，并且能够比其他拥有同样多自然资源但缺乏秩序的国家创造出更多的财富。另外一个重要的因素便是一个国家人民的科技效率。经过数个世纪，

28、古老的国家培训出大量熟练技工与技师所创造出来的财富远远多于那些拥有大量非熟练工人的国家。财富同样能创造财富。当一个国家变得富裕起来，人民便有了大量的积蓄，他们可以将这些积蓄投入到工厂机器中，帮助工人生产出更多的商品。19.单选题It only takes a （ ） of a second for the computer to do the calculation which a humanwill spend days to do.问题1选项A.fictionB.reductionC.functionD.fraction【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fiction “小说”；redu

29、ction “减少，下降”；function “功能”；fraction “小部分”。句意：电脑只需要一会就完成了人类需要几天才能完成的运算。选项D符合题意。选项D符合题意。20.单选题I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I（ ） a rest.问题1选项A.deserveB.preserveC.conceiveD.receive【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deserve “应得，应受”；preserve “保存”；conceive “设想怀孕”；receive “收到”。句意：我花了四个周末写论文

30、，现在觉得我应该休息一下了。选项A符合题意。21.单选题Theyll have you（ ） if you dont pay your taxes.问题1选项A.to be arrestedB.arrestC.arrestedD.being arrested【答案】C【解析】考查have sb. done 句型。 have sb. done 表示“让某人被”；have sb. do “让某人做”；have sb. doing “让某人一直做”。句意：你如果不纳税，他们会让你被捕。选项C符合题意。22.单选题A window in the kitchen was（ ） ; there was r

31、ubbish everywhere and the curtains andcarpets had been stolen.问题1选项A.scrapedB.smashedC.scratchedD.scattered【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Scrape “刮，擦”；smash “猛击”；scratch “抓”；scatter “散落”。句意：厨房的一扇窗户被砸碎了，垃圾散落一地，窗帘和地毯被偷走了。选项B符合题意。23.翻译题来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜

32、烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余 5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7 天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5 人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。【答案】Like students from other Asian countries, most Chinese students

33、 who come to further their study in the United States work on their studies industriously. Even on weekends, they would spend one or two days working overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American students, they obtain more achievements. My supervisor is an Asian people. He

34、is obsessed with alcohols and cigarettes, and has an irritable temper. However, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what these students think about. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory

35、, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of the laboratory, which read “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p. m. Nothing but work during the working hours”. This

36、 supervisor is known for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed and got their Ph. D degrees. In the summer of 1990, regardless of others dissuasion, I accepted my supervisors s

37、ponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.24.单选题The long years of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing (定量供应)is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back

38、deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay? Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home? No

39、 one knows what to expect.The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests. North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britains overseas suppliers of meat, too, are of

40、fering more this year and home production has also risen.But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only be

41、cause there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home

42、-produced variety. And now grain prices, too, are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to benefit from this trend.The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers. The older generation has seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market

43、guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 percent by 1956; but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little we

44、ight and the expansion program is not working very well.1.Why is there “wide-spread uneasiness and confusion about the food situation in Britain?”2.The main reason for the rise in food prices is that（ ） .3. Why didnt the governments expansion program work very well?4.The decrease in world food price

45、 was a result of （ ）.5.What did the future look like for Britains food production at the time this article was written?问题1选项A.The abundant food supply is not expected to last.B.Britain is importing less food.C.Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising.D.Britain will cut back on its production o

46、f food.问题2选项A.people are buying less foodB.the government is providing less financial support for agricultureC.domestic food production has decreasedD.imported food is driving prices higher问题3选项A.Because the farmers were uncertain about the financial support the government guaranteedB.Because the fa

47、rmers were uncertain about the benefits of expanding production.C.Because the farmers were uncertain about whether foreign markets could be found for their produceD.Because the older generation of farmer were strongly against the programmer.问题4选项A.a sharp fall in the purchasing power of the consumer

48、s.B.a sharp fall in the cost of food productionC.the overproduction of food in the food-importing countriesD.the overproduction on the part of the main food-exporting countries问题5选项A.The fall in world food prices would benefit British food producers.B.An expansion of food production was at hand.C.Br

49、itish food producers would receive more government financial support.D.It looks depressing despite government guarantees.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? 提到人们对于为什么粮食多了价格却依然持续上涨表示担忧，所以可以看出人们感到不安和困惑的原因是食物充足但是价格却在

50、上涨，选项C符合题意。2.文章第三段a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food提到食物价格增长的主要原因是政府逐渐减少了对食物的支持。选项B符合题意。3.文章最后一段Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinki

51、ng home market 提到尽管目前的价格还有市场保证，但是农民依旧担心他们将被挤压在廉价的进口食品和一个萎缩的国内市场中，所以可以推断农民对于这样的保证是不信任的。选项A符合题意。4.文章第二段The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests 提到国际食物市场贸易顺差的增加非常大，贸易顺差说明出口多余进

52、口，由此可知是国内生产增加使得出口加大，选项D符合题意。5.文章最后一句but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well 提到部长重复的建议没有什么作用，扩张计划进行的不怎么好，由此可知，这个前景是令人担忧的。选项D符合题意。25.单选题The television（ ） between the two candidates will be held on Sunday.问题1选项A.argumentB.debateC.disc

53、ussionD.dispute【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。argument “论证，论据”；debate “辩论，争论”；discussion “讨论”；dispute “争吵”。句意：两位候选人的电视辩论将在周日举行。选项B符合题意。26.翻译题大米的营养价值同土豆的差不多，但在常温下保存的更久。上大学并不一定是每个人的恰当的选择，更不是唯一的选择。仅碳氢两种元素就能构成成千上万种化合物，其原因是碳氢的分子可以以不同的方式进行连接。所有这些都促使学生独立认真地学习，促使他们学会如何发现利用大学的资源。经济水平比较低的情况下，它反而会给现代政府在提供食物，就业机会等方面增加巨大的负担。

54、【答案】The nutritional value of rice almost equals that of the potato. However, it can be stored at room temperature for longer.Going to college is not the right choice for everyone, nor the only option at all.Only two elements of hydrocarbon can form thousands compounds. The reason is that their molec

55、ules can be connected in different ways.All of these are to urge students to study independently and industriously learn how to use the university resources.Under the circumstance of low economic level, it would increase the pressure of food provision and employment opportunities.27.单选题Over the last

56、 fifteen years, running has become a popular （ ）for 30 million participants of all ages.问题1选项A.fantasyB.pastimeC.symposiumD.penalty【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy “幻想”；pastime “消遣，娱乐”；symposium “座谈会；penalty “惩罚”。句意：在过去的三十年里，跑步对于3000万名各个年龄层的参与者来说成为了一种非常受欢迎的消遣方式。选项B符合题意。28.单选题Because a degree from a good un

57、iversity is the means to a better job, education is one of the most（ ） areas in Japanese life.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.competitiveC.considerateD.superficial【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。sophisticated “久经世故的；复杂的”；competitive “有竞争力的”；considerate “体贴的”；superficial “肤浅的”。句意：因为有一个好的大学文凭就能找到一个更好的工作，所以教育是日本生活中最具有竞争力的领域之

58、一。选项B符合题意。29.单选题The young heiress was so （ ） that she gave all her money away in a couple of years.问题1选项A.generousB.indulgentC.patrioticD.ambitious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。generous “慷慨的，大方的”；indulgent “放纵的，宽容的”；patriotic “爱国的”；ambitious “野心勃勃的”。句意：年轻的女继承人如此慷慨，以至于几年内就把所有的钱送给了别人。选项A符合题意。30.单选题By（ ） computat

59、ion, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.问题1选项A.coarseB.rudeC.averageD.general【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。coarse “粗糙的”；rude “粗鲁的”；average “平均的，普通的”；general “一般的，普通的”。句意：通过粗略计算，他估计修理好这个房子需要花费一千美元。选项A符合题意。31.单选题He failed to supply the facts relevant （ ）the case in quest

60、ion.问题1选项A.forB.withC.toD.of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。relevant to “与相关的”，选项C符合题意。句意：他无法提供与设计案件有关的事实。32.翻译题中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不 足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为 后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。世界上第