2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号19

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题It is one of the ironies of Western man that he has never felt（ ）invention as a threat to his way of life.问题1选项A.any concern withB.any concern aboutC.any concern inD.any concern at【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。concern about sth. or

2、 sb.是固定用法，因此只有选项B符合题意。2.单选题Prince Charles, the longest-waiting( ) to the throne in British history, has spoken of his “impatience” to get things done.问题1选项A.heirB.heirshipC.heritageD.heiress【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。 heir “【法】继承人”; heirship“继承权，继承资格”；heritage “遗产，继承物”；heiress“女继承人”。句意：英国历史上等待王位时间最长的王储查尔斯日前表示

3、，他“没有耐心”把事情做好。选项A符合题意。3.单选题In previous time, when fresh meat was in short ( ), pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.问题1选项A.storageB.reserveC.supplyD.provision【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。storage“贮藏库，存储”；reserve“储备，储存”；supply“供给；补给”；provision“供应品”。句意：在过去，当鲜肉短缺时，许多家庭饲养鸽子作为食物来源。表示供应短缺时固定使用in sho

4、rt supply。因此C选项符合题意。4.单选题The fact is that motherhood makes the heaviest demands in（ ）he areas of least experience.问题1选项A.that it might be calledB.what might be calledC.which might be calledD.it might be called【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。空格处所填词在介词in 的宾语从句中充当主语的成分，因此只有B选项符合题意。5.单选题_ human problems that repeat the

5、mselves in _ life repeat themselves in _ literature.问题1选项A./, /, theB./, the, /C.The, /, /D.The, the, the【答案】A【解析】考查冠词的用法。Problems前面有human作定语，可不用定冠词。固定短语in life中不需要加入定冠词。因此A选项符合题意。6.单选题The structure of the global economy（ ）that developing nations put all their efforts into raising cash usually by ex

6、porting whatever virgin resources the industrial world might desire.问题1选项A.dictatesB.regulatesC.allowsD.appeals【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。dictate“命令；要求”；regulate“调节”；allow“允许”；appeal“呼吁；上诉”；句意：全球经济的结构发展中国家把所有的努力都投入到筹集资金上通常是通过出口工业世界可能需要的任何原始资源。与“the structure of the global economy”搭配的只能是dictate，表示“全球经济要求”因此A选项符

7、合题意。7.单选题Hip replacement surgery is（ ）joint replacement surgery in the U. S.问题1选项A.the single most frequentB.the most single frequentC.the single frequentD.a single frequent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词排序。按照形容词最高级用法，the most 排在最前面，single表示种类，frequent表示频率，处于常规形容词排序之外，因此B选项符合题意。8.单选题Before turning to writing, I spen

8、t eight years as a lawyer about how life would be with a prominent father blazing my trail.问题1选项A.fantasizingB.fascinatingC.facilitatingD.finalizing【答案】A【解析】考查词语辨析。句中用的是spend time doing。fantasize“幻想；做白日梦”；fascinate“使着迷；使神魂颠倒”；facilitate“促进；帮助”；finalize“完成；使结束”。句意：从事写作之前，我当了八年律师，幻想着有位声名显赫的父亲能够指引我方向，想

9、象那样的生活是什么样子的。选项A符合题意。9.单选题Being born in the summer could give you a sunny disposition for life. And a winter birthday might cast a permanent shadow_your happiness, scientists believe.问题1选项A.throughB.crossC.beneathD.over【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。cast a permanent shadow over“给投上阴影；使减弱”。句意：出生在夏天可以给你的生活一个阳光的性格。科学

10、家们认为，冬季的生日可能会给你的幸福蒙上永久的阴影。因此选项D符合题意。10.单选题Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained ( ).问题1选项A.to be shownB.to have been shownC.to have shownD.being shown【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。remain to be done“待完成；待处理”为固定用法。句意：一些人

11、对研究结果持谨慎态度，指出吸二手烟和癌症之间的因果关系有待揭示。因此A选项符合题意。11.单选题I dont understand what youre getting so about. Its really not a problem.问题1选项A.worked outB.worked upC.worked overD.worked against【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。work out“算出；解决”；worked up“激动的；生气的”；work over“研究；检查”；work against“违背；对不利”。句意：我不明白你为什么这么激动。这真的不是问题。选项B符合题意。12

12、.名词解释The year of 2009 will bring an avalanche of books, lectures, television programs and articles on Charles Darwin. (1) It is 200 years since he was bom and 150 years since he was pushed to publish his on the Origin of Species earlier than he intended by the arrival of a letter from AlfredRussel W

13、allace, the naturalist who, independently, had the same theory of natural selection thatDarwin had supposed all his own.Since Darwin wasnt alone in thinking up the theory of natural selection or in assembling evidence in support of evolution, are we right to make such a song and dance of his anniver

14、sary? The short answer is “yes”.(2) the Origin o f Species is the most important biology book yet written and Darwin has done as much as anyone, including Copernicus, Newton, Marx and Freud,to change how we see ourselves.Why does Darwinian worldview matters more than ever? Above all, Darwin decenter

15、s humanity. In this he completes the work that Copernicus and Galileo began. We are not the centre of the Universe. The Universe existed long before we came on the scene. (3) This decentering does not, of course, mean that we matter any the less. Rather, it helps us to appreciate that we do not sit

16、in a distinct category from the rest of creation. The great apes that are heading towards extinction in the wild and are still used in some countries for medical research really are our relatives.Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbe

17、red and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).【答案】1：He was born 200 years ago and his On the Origin of Species was published 150 years ago, which was earlier than he had planned, because a naturalist called Alfred Russel Wallace had written to Darwin to encourage him to do so. Alfre

18、d shared the theory of natural selection that Darwin had thought out by himself.2：The book On the Origin of Species is more important than any other biology book that has ever been written, and Darwins contribution to change our worldview equals those of Copernicus, Newton, Marx and Freud.3：Certainl

19、y, the fact that we are not the center of the universe does indicate that we are not important.13.单选题Apple pie is（ ）neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.问题1选项A.at itselfB.as itselfC.on itselfD.in itself【答案】D【解析】考查固定用法。四个选项中只有“in itself 本质上”是固定短语，因此D选项符合题意。句意：从本质上来

20、看，苹果派既不好也不坏;它的使用方式决定了它的价值。14.单选题The local authorities realized the need to make _ for elderly people in their housing programs.问题1选项A.preparationB.requirementC.specificationD.provision【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。preparation“准备”，强调为必然发生的事情做准备；requirement “要求；必需品”；specification“规格；说明书”；provision“规定；准备”，强调预先准备，事情只

21、是可能会发生。句意：当地政府意识到有必要在住房计划中为老年人预先采取措施。因此D选项符合题意。15.单选题Nearly a third of parents say they feel（） into their homes but cannot afford to move to a bigger property, a report reveals today.问题1选项A.squealedB.squeezedC.squaredD.sneezed【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。空格前是feel，因此空格处应填形容词。squealed “大声尖叫的”；persistent ”固执的；坚持的“

22、；squeezed ”挤压的，拥挤的“；squared ”方格的“。句意：今日公布的一份报告显示，近三分之一的父母表示，他们觉得自己的家，但却买不起更大的房子。 因此选项B符合题意。16.填空题Any parent with a child (1) _ the ages of 3 and 11 can tell you (2) _ technology has crept into nearly (3) _ aspects of playtime and nearly every type of toy. The Hyper Dash, introduced recently from Wil

23、d Planet, is a (4) _ in point. Its the perfect blend of technology, learning and exercise, says an educational psychologist. Wild Planet has (5) _ unveiled a younger version of Hyper Dash, for kids 3 to 5, (6) _ Animal Scramble, which is due (7) _ stores in September. In (8) _, the firm will soon re

24、lease Hyper Jump. Play and technology are (9) _, says Claire Green of the nonprofit Parents Choice Foundation. Theres (10)_ putting the genie back in the bottle.Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your

25、answers on ANSWER【答案】1. between2. that3. all4. case5. already6. called7. in8. addition9. merging10. no【解析】1. 考查介词。空格前是“child”，后面是年龄区间，因此表示“年龄在3到11岁之间的孩子”，应填入between。2. 考查关系词用法。空格前有动词tell，后面应为“告诉你”的具体内容，而后面句子中不缺少其他成分，因此填入that即可。3. 考查上下文语义。科技几乎涉及娱乐时间的方面。应填入all。4. 考查固定搭配。上文说到，科技几乎涉及所有类型的玩具，因此这里应是举出实例，a

26、 case in point“恰当的例子”。应填入case。5.考查副词用法。此处为现在完成时，不缺主要成分，因此空格处是修饰词。联系上下文，本句是说Wild Planet已经公布了一种为年龄更小的孩子所设计的版本。6. 考查上下文语义。空格后是一个专有名词，空格前是这个名词的解释，因此填入called。7. 考查介词用法。在商场销售应使用介词in搭配。8. 考查上下文语义。上文说到公司的一些举措，空格后又提到了公司将发布Hyper Jump，说明是又一项举措，in addition“另外”符合题意，9. 考查上下文语义。综合全文，本文说的是游戏和科技的密切关联，它们正融合在一起。因此填入me

27、rging。10. 考查语义。“putting the genie back in the bottle”是惯用语，表示形势复原。综合全文，此处应指无法复原。因此填入no。17.单选题Western man is himself being Westernized by his own speed-up, （ ）by industrial technology.问题1选项A.as much the Africans are detribalizedB.the Africans are much being detribalizedC.as much as the Africans are be

28、ing detribalizedD.as much as the Africans are detribalized【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。asas“像一样”，此结构前后有呼应，前半句是被动语态的进行时，后半句也应保持一致。因此C选项符合题意。18.单选题In a culture like ours, long（ ）all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.问题1选项A.accustomed to spl

29、it and dividedB.accustomed to splitting and dividingC.accustomed to split and dividingD.accustomed to splitting and divided【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。对比四个选项，关键问题在于split和divide的形式变化。accustom to doing是固定用法，后面的动词均应使用动词-ing形式。因此B选项符合题意。19.单选题One of the recurrent frustrations and tragedies in the history of thought

30、 is caused by the uncertainty _ to solve a given problem by traditional methods previously applied to problems which seem to be of the same nature.问题1选项A.that is possibleB.that it is possibleC.whether it is possibleD.about what is possible【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。uncertainty后面的句子正是作为同位语用来修饰这个先行词，而只有whether可以

31、表示“不确定性”，因此C选项符合题意。20.单选题The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice an

32、d do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat what

33、ever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one exam

34、ple, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the sc

35、ope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries

36、and Crapo draw a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choi

37、ces should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.1.The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because （ ）.2.Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because _.3.According to Fries and Crapo, so

38、und health choice should be based on _.问题1选项A.it is essential to personal freedom in American societyB.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC.personal health choices help cure most illnessesD.wrong decisions could lead to poor health问题2选项A.current medical knowledge is still insufficientB

39、.there are many factors influencing our decisionsC.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friendsD.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life问题3选项A.personal decisionsB.societys lawsC.friends opinionsD.statistical evidence【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D【解析】1.细节推理

40、题。题干：个人健康选择的概念很重要，因为_。文章第二句话提到“An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge”，可知个人健康的正确选择将避免约90%的疾病，如果不做合理选择就可能导致疾病。因此D选项符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：合理的个人健康选择往往很难做出，因为_。由“choice”定位到文章第一段倒数第二句，往下看到第二段第一句对此现

41、象做了总结：A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors。说明影响因素是方方面面的。因此B选项符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：弗里斯和克拉波认为，健康的选择应该基于_。根据文章最后两句可知弗里斯和克拉波认为“personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability o

42、f increased vitality and longevity”，统计数据才能确定哪些是有利于健康的行为。因此D选项符合题意。21.单选题The award ceremony will be the _ of the inaugural Singapore International Water Week that is held from 23 to 27 June 2008问题1选项A.twilightB.insightC.highlightD.highland【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。twilight“黄昏，薄暮”；insight“洞察力”；highlight“最精彩的部分”

43、；highland“高地”。句意：届新加坡国际水资源周于2008年6月23日至27日举行，颁奖仪式将是开幕式上的亮点。因此C选项符合题意。22.单选题Long-term exposure to mass media portrayals of violence might make the audience insensitive or _ to real acts of violence.问题1选项A.emotionally neutralB.neutrally emotionalC.emotionally mutualD.mutually emotional【答案】A【解析】考查词义。ne

44、utral“中立的”，emotionally“情绪上；感情上”。句意：观众在大众媒体上看多了暴力就会对暴力持中立态度，即对暴力失去了感觉。neutral表示观众对暴力的态度，emotionally则用来修饰neutral，表示“情感上是中立的”。因此A选项符合题意。23.单选题Most people cant get _ the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee.问题1选项A.onB.throughC.overD.by【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。get on“上车；进展”；get through“通过；度过”；get over“克服

45、；恢复”；get by“获得认可”。句意： 如果一杯咖啡都不喝的话，大多数人都不能度过一天。因此B选项符合题意。24.单选题Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite（ ）in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.问题1选项A.lackedB.lackingC.for lack ofD.lack of【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。空格处词语用来修饰前面的dance，所以是形容词性。lack 与dance之间是主动关系，因此应使用动词的现在分词形式来修饰。因此B选项符合

46、题意。25.单选题( )，wireless communications will increasingly become part of the fabric of everyday life.问题1选项A.In years to comeB.Since coming yearsC.For years to comeD.Over coming years【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。In years to come“在未来的几年中”；since coming years无此表达方式；for years to come无此用法；over coming years无此用法。因此A选项符合题意。

47、26.单选题Todays recyclers can now conceivably lay claim to a rich, bloody, brawny heritage, if a new Viking discovery is any indication. The famed Norse warriors, many of whom settled parts of eastern and northern England in the Middle Ages, recycled as they fought, new excavations in the United Kingdo

48、m suggest.An 11th-century metalworking site recently discovered in the city of York is likely evidence of a makeshift recycling center, where Vikings took weapons for reprocessing after battle, according to historian Charles Jones, organizer of the Fulford Battlefield Society, which advocates preser

49、ving the battle site against potential development.Jones and his team have found hundreds of pieces of ironwork including axes, sword parts, and arrowheads along with lumps of melted-down iron and the remains of smelting pits. “ We found several smithing hearth bottoms the remains of the molten meta

50、l which dribbles down during the reprocessing of the weaponry ironwork,n he told the York Press. “The iron finds support the idea that metal was gathered and recycled in the area just behind where the fighting took place,” Jones said. The artifacts are currently undergoing X-ray analysis at the Univ

51、ersity of York. The universitys Soren Sindbaek said the tests should reveal whether the corroded items were forged using Norse ironwork, which involved using distinctive alloys of soft iron and hard steel. “The Vikings were very skillful metalworkers,” said archaeologist Sindbaek. “Their weaponry is

52、 famous for the way iron is treated. Any metal was a precious material that would be recycled，” he said. “Whoever won a fight in this period would collect what was left on the battlefield.”Though he knows of no other battlefield examples of Viking recycling，evidence of reuse of metal and other mater

53、ials has been found at other Viking sites, Sindbaek said. Recent excavations in York, which was captured and settled by the Scandinavian seafarers in 866，for instance, show that Vikings recycled boats for building material for houses and even sidewalks.Jones believes Vikings forces worked on the met

54、al in 1066 after defeating English warriors at the Battle of Fulford, a village long since subsumed by the expanded city of York. The historians team believes the Vikings were forced to abandon their recycling work five days later by a second English attack, the Battle of Stamford Bridge, led by Eng

55、lands King Harold II. The Viking leader in the battle, King Harold III of Norway, was killed and his forces routed. The English king lost his own life the following month, when his war-weary troops were defeated at the Battle of Hastings by William, Duke of Normandy, who became the new English king.

56、Project leader Jones, author of The Forgotten Battle of 1066: Fulford, is an amateur historian, and many of the artifacts were uncovered not during professional archaeological excavations but by metal-detector enthusiasts. But that “doesnt at all devalue” the discovery, said archaeologist Allan Hall

57、 of the University of York. The Fulford Battlefield Society is “working in close co-operation with the archaeological establishment，” Hall said. “Archaeology has a long tradition of amateurs taking part.”1.What is said about todays recyclers at the beginning of this passage?2.Which of the following

58、is true about the 11th-century metalworking site recently discovered inthe city of York?3.What had archaeologists known about Viking recycling before the weapon recycling center was discovered?4.What is special about the village of Fulford?5.What do we know about the Fulford Battlefield Society?问题1选

59、项A.They recycle things that are discovered at the Viking settlements.B.They are as rich, bloody and brawny as their Viking ancestors.C.They may have inherited the recycling tradition from the Vikings.D.They recycle the same things that the Vikings recycled.问题2选项A.It was an ironwork recycling center

60、far away from the battlefield.B.Weapons and other utensils were reprocessed here by the Vikings.C.Evidence shows that the weapons recycled here were left by the enemy in the battle.D.The pieces of ironwork found in this site are being analyzed in order to know what exactly they were made of.问题3选项A.T