2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号32

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题On many issues John and Mary found themselves seriously（ ）.问题1选项A.at oddsB.at randomC.at intervalsD.at haphazard【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A: at odds “争执；不一致” ；B: at random “随机地”；C: at intervals “不时”；D: at haphazard “偶然地”。句意：约翰和

2、玛丽发现他们自己在许多问题上不一致。根据句意，A为正确答案。2.单选题Her generosity is one of her most pleasing（ ）.问题1选项A.characteristicsB.attributesC.traitsD.peculiarity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: characteristics “特性，特征” ；B: attributes “属性；特性”；C: traits “人的个性， 显著的特点”；D: peculiarity “特性；特质”。句意：为人慷慨是她最讨人欢喜的个性。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。3.单选题By adapting

3、to your mental condition, you can（ ）more in less time.问题1选项A.complementB.implementC.complimentD.accomplish【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: complement “补足”；B: implement “实施”；C: ;compliment “恭维”；D: accomplish “完成”。句意：通过调整你的心理状态，你能在更短的时间里完成更多任务。结合句意，故D为正确答案。4.单选题Though he is a competent engineer, it does no（ ）that

4、 he will make a successful factory director.问题1选项A.concludeB.followC.deduceD.doom【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: conclude “结束；终止” ；B: follow “跟随，接着”；C: deduce “推论，推断”；D: doom “命运；厄运”。句意：虽然他是一名称职的工程师，但是，并不能推断他将成为一名成功的厂长。结合语境，故选C选项。5.单选题The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually（ ）it in a pr

5、ofitable direction.问题1选项A.adaptB.controlC.installD.steer【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 adapt “使适合，使适应，改编”；B选项 control “控制，支配，操纵”；C选项 install “安装，安置，使就职”；D选项 steer “驾驶，掌舵，指引的路线”。句意：该系统被重新设计，目的是使其与网络兼容，并最终使网络朝获利方向发展。因此D选项正确。6.单选题As one of the youngest professors in the university, Mr. Brown is certainly on the（

6、）brilliant career.问题1选项A.porchB.thresholdC.edgeD.course【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: porch “阳台” ；B: threshold “开端；门槛”；C: edge “边缘”；D: course “课程；航线”。句意：作为学院最年轻的教授之一，布朗先生必然是正处于辉煌事业的起点。结合语境，故B为正确答案。7.翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.The reward of foresight for this nation is great and easily for

7、etolD.But there must be the look ahead, there must be a realization of the fact that to waste, to destroy, our natural resources, to skin and exhaust the land instead of using it so as to increase its usefulness, will result in undermining in the days of our children the very prosperity which we oug

8、ht by right to hand down to them amplified and developed.Optimism is a good characteristic, but if carried to an excess it becomes foolishness. We are prone to speak of the resources of this country as inexhaustible; this is not so. The mineral wealth of the country, the coal, iron, oil, gas, and th

9、e like, does not reproduce itself and therefore is certain to be exhausted ultimately; and wastefulness in dealing with it today means that our descendants will feel the exhaustion a generation or two before they otherwise would.【答案】对这个国家来说，远见的回报是巨大的而且很容易预测。但是，我们必须向前看，而且必须认识到一个事实：如果浪费、破坏我们的自然资源，挖掘和消

10、耗我们的土地，而不是增加土地的利用率，那么，这将破坏我们理应传给后代的成熟且发展的繁荣。乐观主义是一个好的性格特征，但是如果过于乐观就是愚蠢。我们喜欢说我国的资源取之不尽、用之不竭，但是情况并非如此。国家的矿藏如煤、铁、石油、天然气等都不能再生，因此终将枯竭。现在浪费将意味着我们的后代比正常情况提前一或二代就感到资源的枯竭。8.单选题I cannot give you（ ）for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.问题1选项A.an expenseB.a chargeC.a purc

11、haseD.an order【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: an expense “花费”；B: a charge “收费”；C: a purchase “购买”；D: an order “订单、订购”。句意：我不能定购你们出售的这种车，因为没有市场需求。结合此处语境，谈及到没有市场需求，因此D为正确答案。9.单选题This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal teeth to the moral obligation to support ones parents. Called the Maintenance o

12、f Parents Bill, it received the backing of the Singapore Government.That does not mean it hasnt generated discussion. Several members of the Parliament opposed the measure as un-Asian. Others who acknowledged the problem of the elderly poor believed it a disproportionate response. Still others belie

13、ve it will subvert relations within the family: cynics dubbed it the Sue Your Son” law.Those who say that the bill does not promote filial responsibility, of course, are right. It has nothing to do with filial responsibility, it kicks in where filial responsibility fails. The law cannot legislate fi

14、lial responsibility any more than it can legislate love. All the law can do is to provide a safety net where this morality proves insufficient. Singapore needs this bill not to replace morality, but to provide incentives to shore it up.Like many other developed nations, Singapore faces the problems

15、of an increasing proportion of people over 60 years of age. Demography is inexorable. In 1980, 7.2% of the population was in this bracket. By the turn of the century, that figure will grow to 11%. By 2030, the proportion is projected to be 2%. The problem is not old age. It is that the ratio of econ

16、omically active people to economically inactive people will decline.But no amount of government exhortation or paternalism will completely eliminate the problem of old people who have insufficient means to make ends meet. Some people will fall through the holes in any safety net.Traditionally, a per

17、sons insurance against poverty in his old age was his family. This is not revolutionary concept. Nor is it uniquely Asian Care and support for ones parents is a universal value shared by all civilized societies.The problem in Singapore is that the moral obligation to look after ones parents is unenf

18、orceable. A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children, a husband can be forced to support his wife. But, until now, a son or daughter had no legal obligation to support his or her parent.In 1989, an Advisory Council was set up to look into the problems of the ageD.Its report stated wit

19、h a tinge of complacency that 95% of those who did not have their own income were receiving cash contributions from relations. But what about the 5% who arent getting relatives support? They have several options:(a)get a job and work until they die;(b) apply for public assistance(you have to be dest

20、itute to apply ); or(c) starve quietly. None of these options is socially acceptable and what if this 5% figure grows, as it is likely to do, as society ages?The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to encourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakd

21、owns encountered in other affluent societies. This legislation will allow a person to apply to the court for maintenance from any or all of his children. The court would have the discretion to refuse to make an order if it is unjust.Those who deride the proposal for opening up the courts to family l

22、awsuits miss the point. Only in extreme cases would any parent take his child to court. If it does indeed become law, the bills effect would be far more subtle.First, it will reaffirm the notion that it is each individuals- not societysresponsibility look after his parents. Singapore is still conser

23、vative enough that most people will not object to this ideA.It rein forces the traditional values and it doesnt hurt a society now and then to remind itself of its core values.Second, and more important it will make those who are inclined to shirk their responsibilities think twice. Until now, if a

24、person asked family elders, clergymen or the ministry of community Development to help get financial support from his children, the most they could do was to mediate. But mediators have no teeth, and a child could simply ignore their pleas.But to be sued by ones parents would be a massive loss of fa

25、ce. It would be a public disgrace Few people would be so thick-skinned as to say: Sue and be damneD.The hand of the conciliator would be immeasurably strengtheneD.It is far more likely that some sort of amicable settlement would be reached if the recalcitrant son or daughter knows that the alternati

26、ve is a public trial.It would be nice to think that Singapore doesnt need this kind of law. But that belief ignores the clear demographic trends and the effect of affluence itself on traditional bonds. Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ourselves most successful if it acts as an incen

27、tive not to have it invoked in the first place.1.The maintenance of Parents Bill（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?3.The author seems to suggest that traditional values（ ）.4.The author thinks that if the bill becomes law its effect would be（ ）.5.At the end of the passage, the author

28、seems to imply that success of the Bill depends upon（ ）.问题1选项A.received all peoples support in the Singapore ParliamentB.was believed to solve all the problems of the elderly poorC.was intended to substitute for traditional values in SingaporeD.was passed to make the young more responsible to the ol

29、d问题2选项A.Filial responsibility in Singapore is enforced by lawB.Fathers have legal obligations to maintain their childrenC.It is an acceptable practice for the old to continue workingD.The Advisory Council was set up in 1990问题3选项A.play an insignificant role in solving social problemB.are helpful to t

30、he elderly when they sue their childrenC.are very important in preserving Asian uniquenessD.are significant in helping the Bill get approved问题4选项A.indirectB.unnoticedC.apparentD.unclear问题5选项A.strict enforcementB.public supportC.government assuranceD.filial awareness【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1

31、.细节事实题。通过题干关键词定位到原文第一句“This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal teeth to the moral obligation to support ones parents.”，中文翻译：“本月，新加坡通过了一项法案，赋予 赡养父母的道义义务以法律效力。”因此，综合考虑，选项D为正确答案。2.细节事实题。通过题干关键词定位到原文“A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children.”，中文翻译：“法律可以强迫一个父亲抚养他的孩子。”因此最

32、佳答案为B选项。3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文“The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to encourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakdowns encountered in other affluent societies.”，中文翻译：“赡养父母法案是为了鼓励传统美德，这些美 德至今使亚洲国家远离其他富裕社会遭遇到的衰败。”由此可以推断出答案选择C。4.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文“If i

33、t does indeed become law, the bills effect would be far more subtle.”中文翻译为：如果它真的成为法律，法案的效果将会更加微妙。” 以及后文作者写道赡养父母是个人的责任，并非社会的责任，但是有些人碍于情面，不得不重新考虑赡养父母的问题，可知，A项符合题目描述。5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文最后一句“Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ourselves most successful if it acts as an incentive not to have

34、 it invoked in the first place.”，中文翻译为：“我们这些推动该法案的人将认为，如果它能作为一种激励，使其在一开始就不被动用，那么自己是最成功的。”因此综合可知，D选项是其主要原因。10.单选题The word “addiction” is often used loosely and wryly in conversation. People will refer to themselves as “mystery book addicts” or “cookie addicts.” E.B. White writes of his annual surge o

35、f interest in gardening: “We are hooked and are making an attempt to kick the habit.” Yet nobody really believes that reading mysteries or ordering seeds by catalogue is serious enough to be compared with addictions to heroin or alcohol. The word “addiction” is here used jokingly to denote a tendenc

36、y to overindulge in some pleasurable activity.People often refer to being “hooked on TV.” Does this, too, fall into the lighthearted category of cookie eating and other pleasures that people pursue with usual intensity, or is there a kind of television viewing that falls into the more serious catego

37、ry of destructive addiction?When we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug taking. And yet the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a “high” that normal life does no

38、t supply. It is only the inability to function without the addictive substance that is dismaying the dependence of the organism upon the certain experience and increasing inability to function normally without it. Thus a person will take two or three drinks at the end of the day not merely for the p

39、leasure drinking provides, but also because he “doesnt feel normal without them.An addict does not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to experience it in order to function normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes life without it l

40、ess than complete. Other potentially pleasurable experiences are no longer possible, for under the spell of the addictive experience his life is peculiarly distorted. The addict craves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may be temporarily stated, but soon it begins to c

41、rave again.Finally a serious addiction is distinguished from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by its distinctly destructive elements. A heroin addict, for instance, leads a damaged life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from

42、developing in human ways. Similarly an alcoholics life is narrowed and dehumanized by his dependence on alcohol.Let us consider television viewing in the light of the conditions that define serious addictions.1.The essence of any serious addiction is（ ）.2.According to the passage, an addicts life is

43、 peculiarly distorted because（ ）.3.Serious addiction is different from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by the fact that（ ）.4.Which kind of addiction is not mentioned in the passage?5.According to the author, the focus is usually put on（ ）.6.In the following paragraphs, the author will continue to dis

44、cuss（ ）.问题1选项A.the inability to function without the addictive substanceB.a search for a high that normal life does not supplyC.the dependence of the organism upon a certain experienceD.the dismay of not being able to function normally问题2选项A.he merely pursue a pleasurable experienceB.he need to expe

45、rience it to function normallyC.he cant find pleasure in other potential pleasurable experiencesD.he begins to crave again问题3选项A.it has extremely serious consequences.B.it helps a person to behave normally.C.it can make a person satisfied.D.it does not make life complete.问题4选项A.Heroin addictionB.Alc

46、ohol addictionC.Sports maniaD.TV Addiction问题5选项A.the pleasure of drinking and drug-taking.B.the negative aspects of doing such thingsC.an addicts distorted lifeD.the serious pursuit of pleasure问题6选项A.Addiction in generalB.Seriousness of drug abusingC.TV addictionD.The pleasure of watching TV【答案】第1题:

47、B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “And yet the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a high that normal life does not supply.”，中文翻译为：然而任何严重的上瘾的精髓都是一种对快乐的追求，一种平常生活中无法提供的对“过头”的探求。因此B选项：寻求一种正常生活不能提供的“过头”，为正确答案。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “An addict does not mer

48、ely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to experience it in order to function normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes life without it less than complete. Other potentially pleasurable experiences are no longer possible, for under the spe

49、ll of the addictive experience, his life is peculiarly distorted. The addict craves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may be temporarily stated, but soon it begins to crave again.”，中文翻译为：上瘾者不仅仅是追求愉快的体验，而且需要体验它才能正常工作。他需要一遍又一遍地重复。这种特殊的经历会让没有它的生活变得不完整。其他潜在的愉快的经历不再可能，因为在上瘾

50、的经历的魔力下，他的生活特别扭曲了。瘾君子渴望一种体验，但他从未真正得到满足。这种有机体可能暂时存在，但很快又开始渴望。可以得知D选项“他开始再次渴望”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中倒数第二段“Finally a serious addiction is distinguished from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by its distinctly destructive elements.”，中文翻译为：最后，严重的成瘾与无害的快乐追求的区别在于其明显的破坏性因素。因此A项“它会带来极其严重的后果”符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据A,

51、B项可以定位到文章第一段“.by catalogue is serious enough to be compared with addictions to heroin or alcohol.”，中文翻译为：对毒品的上瘾程度严重到可以与对海洛因或酒精的上瘾相提并论。根据D项可以定位到文章第二段“People often refer to being hooked on TV.”，中文翻译为：人们经常提到沉迷于电视。因此排除A，B，D三项，答案为C。5.细节事实题。通过题干定位到原文 “When we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we

52、frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug taking.”，中文翻译：当我们考虑毒品或酒精上瘾时，我们经常关注其消极的方面，而忽略了饮酒或吸毒带来的快乐。选项B“这种事的消极方面”符合题意。6.推理判断题。根据原文尾段 “Let us consider television viewing in the light of the conditions that define serious addictions.”，中文翻译：让我们根据定义严重上瘾的情

53、况来考虑一下看电视这种情况吧！最佳答案为C选项。11.单选题A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats was reported in February of 1962 in an article in Scientific American. The experiments were conducted by a psychologist, John B.Calhoun, and his associates. In each of thes

54、e experiments, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure and given an adequate supply of food, water, and other necessities. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without exp

55、eriencing stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. He and his associates then carefully observed and recorded behavior in these overpopulated

56、 communities. At the end of their experiments, Calhoun and his associates were able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a co

57、mmunity without overcrowding.The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density: They showed deviant maternal behavior: they did not behave as mother rats normally do. In fact, many of the pups, as rat babies are called, died as a result of poor materna

58、l care. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, without their mothers care, the pups dieD.Under normal conditions, a mother rat would not leave her pups alone to die. However, the experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their beha

59、vior may be considered pathologically diseased.The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by overpopulation. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rat

60、s diD.The fact that the dominant males had adequate space in which to live may explain why they were not as seriously affected by overpopulation as the other rats. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and i