2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号11

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Some anthropologists claim that a few apes have been taught a rudimentary sign languages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only_their trainers.问题1选项A.imitatingB.condoningC.instructingD.acknowledging【答案】A【解析】imitat

2、ing模仿, 效法; condoning宽恕, 赦免; instructing指导, 教; acknowledging承认, 答谢。句意：一些人类学家声称, 一些猿类已经学会了基本的手语, 但持怀疑态度的人认为, 猿类只是在模仿它们的驯兽师。选项A符合句意。2.单选题Euthanasia is a practice of mercifully ending a persons life in order to_the person from an incurable disease and intolerable suffering.问题1选项A.liberateB.confineC.rele

3、aseD.apprehend【答案】A【解析】liberate解放,解脱; confine限制; release释放; apprehend理解,逮捕。句意：安乐死是一种仁慈地结束一个人的生命, 从而使病人从不可医治的绝症和无法忍受的痛苦中解脱出来的做法。选项A符合句意。3.单选题The_action of the policemen saved the people in the house from being burnt.问题1选项A.supremeB.significantC.promptD.vital【答案】C【解析】supreme最高的, 至高的; significant重大的, 有

4、意义的; prompt及时的, 迅速的; vital至关重要的。句意：警察迅速采取措施, 使得房子里的人免于烧伤。选项C符合句意。4.单选题Libby lied to investigators about his role in disclosing the identity of a CIA officer in order to_the White House from political embarrassment.问题1选项A.aviateB.recoverC.berateD.insulate【答案】D【解析】aviate飞行； recover重新获得，恢复； berate严责，申斥

5、； insulate使绝缘， 隔离。句意：在揭露一名中情局官员的身份时，利比向调查人员隐瞒了自己的任务， 目的是让白宫不会陷人政治困境。选项D符合句意。5.单选题She is one of the few people here I can understand properly, she pronounces all her words so_.问题1选项A.exactlyB.distinctlyC.distinctivelyD.distinguishably【答案】B【解析】exactly精确地；distinctly明显地， 清晰地；distinctively特殊地；distinguish

6、ably可区别地，辨认得出。句意：她是我能听懂的为数不多的几个人之一，她把所有的字都读得很清楚。由题意可知， 作者强调此人发音清晰，故选B。6.写作题Some people think that a sense of competition inchildren should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught toco-operate rather than compete become more useful adults.You should write at least 250 words. Normal

7、 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE You should use your own ideas, knowledge andexperience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.【答案】On competition and cooperationSome people hold the view that competition and cooperation are always in conflict with each other.

8、 But some have different opinions that competition and cooperation are the two indispensable parts of the winners.Competition and cooperation are very common in every field of our life. The Olympic games is the most famous competition all over the world. And employees compete for jobs, for promotion

9、, for customers and for sales, etc. To some extent, competition stimulates peoples interest in work and push the society forward. In our life, we often find that competition goes hand in trend with cooperation. In the sports contest, the victory of the team requires good teamwork, that is, cooperati

10、on. No doubt, we often find there is an inseparable relationship between competition and cooperation. In a football match, either team is competing with other. But each member of the team is cooperating with his teammates.As far as I am concerned, cooperation and competition are both important. They

11、 are attributes which are equally necessary for a person to achieve success in his life. While we advocate competition, we cannot forget cooperation. Human beings are social beings. No one can exist alone in the society. If you want to play the game well, you have to play with others. You cannot pla

12、y single-handed and win. You have to cooperate with your playmates, who may make the social ladder for you to climb to the top. From cooperation we get mutual help and understanding. With cooperation the world is progressing at peace and in harmony.7.单选题Although the examination he passed was not imp

13、ortant, his success_ him in his ambition to become a doctor.问题1选项A.persuadedB.urgedC.convincedD.encouraged【答案】D【解析】persuaded劝说；urged催促， 怂恿；convinced使相信； encouraged激励， 鼓舞。句意：虽然这个考试并不重要，但他的成功极大地鼓舞了他想要成为一名医生的理想。选项D符合句意。8.案例题Yoga,the ancient practice of postures, breathing and meditation, is gaining a l

14、ot of attention from the material world that its serious practitioners are trying to escape.Yoga practitioners are trying to keep themselves away from the material world.And no wonder. Americans who practice yoga are often well-educated, have higher-than -average household income and are willing to

15、spend a bit more on so-called green purchases seen as benefiting the environment or society.Its kind of growing out of the crunchy stage of yoga to the Starbucks stage, said Bill Harper, publisher of Yoga Journal. From the videos and the clothes and the toe socks.people are pursuing this market with

16、 a vengeance. A glance through recent issues of his monthly magazine, whose readership has doubled in the past four years to 325,000, illustrates the point. There are four-color ads from the likes of Asics athletic shoes, Eileen fisher apparel and Ford Motor Co. Yoga Journal is now licensing a Russi

17、an edition and preparing to expand in other international markets. Americans spend some $2.95 billion a year on yoga classes, equipment, clothing, holidays, videos and more, according to a study commissioned by the magazine, fuelled in part by ageing baby boomers seeking less aggressive ways to stay

18、 fit.Roughly 16.5 million people were practising yoga in the United States early last year, in studios, gyms or at home, up 43 percent from 2002, the study found.Established sellers of yoga gear such as Hugger Mugger and Gaiam have been flooded with competition in the market for yoga mats, incense,

19、clothing and fancy accoutrements ranging from designer yoga bags to eye pillows.Vancouver, British Columbia-based Lululemon Athletica, for one, has seen sales of its yoga apparel rise to $100 million since Canadian entrepreneur Chip Wilson founded the company in 1998. Customers are snapping up its t

20、rendy pants and tops to wear to class and, increasingly, to the supermarket or out to dinner.Another expanding business, Exhale, markets itself as a mindbodyspa, with tony locations in Los Angeles, New York and other urban areas that combine yoga classes with facials, massage and alternative treatme

21、nts such as acupuncture.Some question how all the consumption is changing a discipline with a strong spiritual foundation.Weve taken this ancient tradition, science, and art of yoga out of a culture and a religion and world view and weve tried to transplant to the other side of the planet, said Judi

22、th Hanson Lasater, a longtime yoga instructor and author who holds a doctorate in East-West psychology. I believe theres not a complete match-up.Even so, several entrepreneurs stressed that they are able to adhere to yogas healing principles while also turning a profit.1.Use three words to describe

23、the practice of yoga.（）2.The large consumption of yoga related products shows that yoga has developed into（ ）.3.Why do baby boomers go for yoga practice?4.Give an example to show that the yoga clothing of Lululemon Athletica is in fashion.（）5.How does Exhale promote its yoga Classes?【答案】1.Postures,

24、breathing and meditation.2.A big market.3.Because they want to seek less aggressive ways to stay fit.4.Customers are snapping up its trendy pants and tops to wear to class and, increasingly, to the supermarket or out to dinner.5.Exhale markets itself as a “mindbodyspa , with tony locations in Los An

25、geles, New York and other urban areas that combine yoga classes with facials, massage and alternative treatments such as acupuncture.【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“Yoga,the ancient practice of postures, breathing and meditation,.”瑜伽, 一种古老的体式、呼吸和冥想的练习。2.根据第四段的内容可知, 瑜伽相关用品的大量消费表明瑜伽发展成为了一个巨大的市场。3.根据第六段的最后一句“.fuelled

26、in part by ageing baby boomers seeking less aggressive ways to stay fit.”因为他们寻求不那么激进的健身方式。4.根据关键词“Lululemon Athletica”定位到倒数第五段, 根据最后一句话可找到答案。5.根据原文倒数第四段可找到答案。9.单选题Activist parents say school kids arent_enough to understand that a fruit-flavored soft drink doesnt have the nutritional benefits of real

27、 fruit.问题1选项A.adulteratedB.mingledC.sophisticatedD.refined【答案】C【解析】adulterated掺入次级品的; mingle（使）混合; sophisticated富有经验的，老练的; refine精炼，改善。句意：一些激进的父母说，学校里的孩子还不够成熟，不能理解水果味的软饮料并不含有水果中所含的营养物质。选项C符合句意。10.单选题Koizumis annual visits to the notorious shrine have sparked a_of condemnation and protests from China

28、 and the ROK because the shrine honours 14 Class-A war criminals.问题1选项A.splashB.flurryC.particleD.stain【答案】B【解析】splash污点; flurry骚动, 慌张, a flurry of阵；particle颗粒; stain污点, 瑕疵。句意：小泉每年都要参拜臭名昭著的神社，引发了中韩人民的谴责和抗议，因为神社供奉着14名甲级战犯。选项B符合句意。11.单选题The landscape of the American West was dramatically altered durin

29、g the 20th century as a result of the_ construction of dams along major rivers.问题1选项A.degenerativeB.widespreadC.advancingD.extensive【答案】B【解析】degenerative退化的; widespread分布广泛的; advancing前进的; extensive广泛的,一般指范围和内容宽泛。句意：由于沿主要河流修建了大量的水坝, 美国西部的景色在20世纪发生了巨大的变化。这里强调分布广泛, 所以选项B更恰当。12.单选题Antiwar champion Rep.

30、 John Murtha wants to attach conditions on the impending supplemental_bill to fund the war.问题1选项A.approbationsB.approximationsC.apprehensionsD.appropriations【答案】D【解析】approbation官方批准, 认可; approximation接近,近似值; apprehension理解,恐惧, 逮捕；appropriation挪用,拨款。句意：反战派共和党员John Murtha希望对即将通过的为战争提供资金的追加拨款法案附加条件。选项D

31、符合句意。13.单选题Since its inception,Pakistan has strived desperately to_India,cultivating ties with any state willing to help it.问题1选项A.counteractB.counterfeitedC.counterchangeD.counterbalance【答案】A【解析】counteract对抗, 阻碍, 中和; counterfeit伪造, 假冒; counterchange交换, 调换; counterbalance 抵消, 平衡。句意：从一开始, 巴基斯坦就拼命对抗印度

32、, 与任何愿意帮助它的国家建立联系。选项A符合句意。14.单选题First there was a Washington Post article published shortly after the elections on the presumptive new House speaker, Muted Tones of Quiet Authority：A Look Suited to the Speaker. It offered the information that Pelosis suit was by Giorgio Armanithe Italian master of n

33、eutral tones and modern power dressingand she wore it well. The article at least appeared in the newspapers Style section,but was chockfull of psychoanalytic forays into Pelosis wardrobe choices,asserting that an Armani suit,for a woman, is a tool for playing with the boys without pretending to be o

34、ne. I would wager that Pelosi is one woman who doesnt play around with anyone.Then there was a New York Times article in January in its Thursday Styles section titled Speaking Chic to Power. While noting that Pelosi,barely in her new job a month,had brought the House to votes on a minimum wage incre

35、ase,stem cell research and Medicare drug prices,the article said she did it looking preternaturally fresh, with a wardrobe that .white still subdued and over-reliant on suits, has seldom spruced the halls of Congress.Similar articles appeared in the Baltimore Sun and Chicago Tribune. Mentioned were

36、other women politicians and their fashion choices,such as Sen. Hillary Clintons hair style and preference for black pantsuits or Florida Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultzs haircut. The question is whether focusing on the clothing choices of serious female political players risks rendering them less than

37、 serious. Another question is whether such reports warrant precious space. After all,with rare exceptions,male politicians are seldom scrutinized for their choice of suits.Some reporters and editors havent figured out a way to cover female politicians that doesnt rely on the old stereotypes,says Gai

38、l Dines,sociology and womens studies professor at Wheelock College in Boston.To be a woman politician,you have to strategize and work hard,and yet what matters is what designer youre wearing. Its a way to make women in power less scary, Dines notes.Its putting women into a comfort zone for those who

39、 are still baffled by how to treat strong women.The articles seem a throwback to a time when women were only spouses,not players,says Ruth Mandel, director of the Eagleton Institute of Politics at Rutgers University. To focus on their attire,the cut of their clothes.is to be in danger of trivializin

40、g who they are,the important role they play and the meaning behind womens advancement to positions of power: That is, were moving to a true democracy of shared leadership.The problem is the media havent quite caught up. A woman who rises to a leadership position at any level is going to dress approp

41、riately, says Kathleen Hall Jamieson, professor at the Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania. It underscores her competence and is not a distraction. You take for granted that it would not be worthy of comment any more. Jamieson thinks the underlying motivation for rep

42、orting on female politicians style is the natural news interest in talking about what changes,and men dont look different. There is a uniform for men in power and we all know that it looks like. The only thing to change is the color of the shirt or tie. Because women have greater fashion options,cha

43、nges they make are more obvious and invite analysis. Now that Pelosis uniform has been established, that should be the end of it. Ditto for Clinton. Clinton now has a range of what she wears. Jamieson says. She hasnt been changing hairstyles or her pantsuits. That is our definition of what she wears

44、,and that should end it.Tom Rosenstiel,director of the Project for Excellence in Journalism,thinks reporting that describes women politicians appearance is justified in profiles of them. Female politicians will certainly survive such silly coverage,and some argue the stories are harmless. But these

45、women are role models for young women and offer an alternative to the fashion model and celebrity in setting the standard for female beauty and worth.Dines worries that when the media emphasize the appearance of women,it perpetuates attitudes in the larger world that devalue and limit women. These a

46、re fortunate, privileged women, Dines notes of politicians, but for young women trying to make it in the world, how they look can affect their opportunities. 1.The passage mainly about （ ） .2.Which of the following is NOT true of Pelosi?3.Which of the following is true of male political leaders?4.So

47、me people contend the media （ ） .5.Professor Jamieson believes that （ ） .问题1选项A.the captious coverage of powerful women attireB.fashionable women leaders in the USAC.the seriousness of female political playersD.the importance of making powerful women less scary问题2选项A.She was covered in the newspaper

48、 fashion section.B.She brought some controversial ideas to vote in the house.C.Her fashion brought an extraordinary freshness in the House.D.She staked on some recreations as the House speaker.问题3选项A.They trivialize female political leaders by focusing on their attire.B.They are always baffled by ho

49、w to treat women in power.C.They are seldom inspected critically for their style of suits.D.They are politically relevant but dazzlingly charismatic looking.问题4选项A.pays more on women politicians than their male counterpartsB.sets the women politicians an alternative standard for female beauty and wo

50、rthC.emphasizes the appearance of the women politicians to devaluate themD.is justified to put the clothing choices of women politicians on precious space问题5选项A.dressing appropriately of women politicians would not be worthy of comment any moreB.we have the definition of what Sen. Clinton wears,and

51、that should be.end of her style analysisC.no distraction would be earned for those politicians in uniformD.women politicians would like to make changes and invite analysis【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.结合全文内容可知, 本文主要是讲对有权势的女性穿着所出现的挑剔报道。选项A正确。2.根据一二段的内容可知, 选项A, B, C在文中均有提及并且表述正确, 只有选项D错误。3.根据第三段的

52、最后一句After all,with rare exceptions,male politicians are seldom scrutinized for their choice of suits.几乎无一例外地, 很少有人去细究男政治家们的服装选择。所以, 选项C正确。4.根据最后一段Dines worries that when the media emphasize the appearance of women,it perpetuates attitudes in the larger world that devalue and limit women.当媒体强调女性的外貌时,

53、 这会在更大范围内使贬低和限制女性的态度持久化。选项C符合原文。5.根据关键词Jamieson定位到第六段第三句It underscores her competence and is not a distraction. You take for granted that it would not be worthy of comment any more.它强调的是她的能力而不是一种娱乐。你理所当然地认为这不再值得评论。选项A符合原文。15.单选题The chances of infection of BSE or mad-cow disease may be slight, but th

54、at does not stop people_beef en masse.问题1选项A.shunningB.ignoringC.disregardingD.affronting【答案】A【解析】shun避开, 避免; ignore不理睬,忽视; disregard漠视; affront公开侮辱，冒犯。句意：感染疯牛病的概率是很小的，但这并不能阻止人们大量食用牛肉。选项A符合句意。16.单选题The workers of space shuttle Discovery got into the back of the shuttle to look for_in the electronics

55、 that send data from the sensors to onboard computers.问题1选项A.glitchesB.suspectsC.orbitersD.pitches【答案】A【解析】glitch失灵，小故障；suspect嫌疑犯；orbiter盘旋物，人造卫星； pitch斜度。句意：航天飞机“发现者”号上的工作人员们进入飞机的后部，寻找将数据从传感器发送到机载计算机上的电子设备的故障。选项A符合句意。17.案例题Barbie DollsFlashy clothes, the perfect boyfriend, a Corvette, Ferrari, ful

56、l size apartment with beautiful furniture and a boat. Shes the woman who has everything and every year receives more. Since her introduction in 1959, the Barbie doll may be the most influential icon of American culture in the late twentieth century.（1）. She attracted little girls because of her adul

57、t-like features. Before this, children looked at toys like Yogi Bear, Howdy Doody, and baby dolls for inspiration. With the creation of Barbie, girls now had a new toy to stimulate their imaginations.In the 1950s most women stayed at home, cooking, cleaning and caring for their children; they didnt

58、parade around in tight little skirts and high heels. The Barbie doll represented independence and glamour she could sing solos in the spotlight one minute and pilot an airplane the next. She was exciting and completely different from the clinging Betsy Westsys and Chatty Cathys that little girls wer

59、e used to.In Forever Barbie: the Unauthorized Biography of a Real Doll, M G. Lord tells the story of Barbies creators. Ruth Handler, the youngest of ten siblings （同胞）, worked as a stenographer for Paramount Pictures as a young woman. Her husband Elliott designed light fixtures and studied art.（2）. T

60、he Handlers began the factory in their garage but quickly expanded until they had hired a hundred workers who made jewelry and decorative items. World War II shortages of labor soon put them out of business.Despite their first failure, the Handlers didnt give up and, in 1945, they joined with Harold