八年级牛津版上册unit1-课文

1、八年级牛津版上册unit1-课文八年级牛津版上册unit1-课文八年级牛津版上册unit1-课文V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考 八年级牛津版上册unit1-课文日期：20 xx年X月Unit 1 Encyclopaedias一、词汇课文复现二、词汇句型语法知识拓展三、高频词汇inventorincludemusicianwinfind out四、语法专题复合不定代词some any somebody anybody nobody（some和any）被动语态初步认识五、课文重点句型及短语归纳1.encyclopaedian.百科全书2.humanadj.人的3.dinosaurn.恐龙4.Ital

2、iann.意大利人，Italyn意大利All roads lead to Rome.(谚)条条大路通罗马；殊途.Rome was not built in a day.(谚)罗马城不是一天建成的；伟业非一日可成When in Rome do as the Romans do.5.inventorn. 发明家6.musiciann. 音乐家7.scientistn.科学家8.bornv. (be born)出生9.countrysiden.乡村; 农村The Italian musician was born in France, and when he was at the age of fi

3、ve, he together with his parents moved to Italy.He liked drawing , playing music and inventing things at school. Hehad many inventions, so he was a famous inventor in the elligencen.才智;智慧11.artisticadj. 有艺术天赋的12.abilityn. 才能；能力13.perhapsadv.可能;大概14.inventionn. 发明15.notebookn. 笔记本16.inclu

4、dev. 包括；包含17.evenadv. (强调出乎意料) 甚至18.howeveradv. 然而19.suddenlyadv.突然；忽然20.nobodypron. 没有人21.fossiln. 化石22.winv. (won, won) (在比赛中)获胜,赢23.dollarn.元（美国、加拿大等国货币单位）24.in the countryside在乡村;在农村25.human being人26.die out灭绝;消失27.find out了解(到);弄清28.go for a walk去散步一、词汇课文复现一、课文再现Look it up!Here are two articles

5、 from an encyclopaedia.Da Vinci, LeonardoLeonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things.

6、 His paintings are very famous,and one, the Mona Lisa,is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooksincludesome interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art)DinosaursDinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human begin

7、s. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs wereas small aschickens.Others were as big as ten elephants.Some could even fly.Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody k

8、nows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth history)查找它这里有来自百科全书的两篇文章。列奥纳多达芬奇列奥纳多达芬奇(1452 - 1519)是意大利画家,发明家,音乐家,工程师和科学家。达芬奇出生在农村。从很小的时候,他表现出极大的智慧和艺术才能。当他长大时,他学会了做很多不同的事情。他的画是非常出名的,其中一个,蒙娜丽莎,也许是世界上最著名的画。他也有很多发明。例如,他的笔记本包括一些有趣的飞行机器的图画。(见艺术) 恐龙恐龙生活在地球上人类6000万多年前。他们生活在地球各个地

9、方。一些恐龙和鸡一样小。其他的有十头大象一样大。一些甚至可以飞。许多恐龙吃植物。然而,一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。恐龙在地球上生活了1.5亿多年。然后,突然,他们都灭绝了。没有人知道为什么。不过,我们可以从化石中了解他们。(见地球历史)P.13 More practiceAustralias big attractionsAustralia is a very big country. It also has many big attractions.The Big BananaThe Big Banana is in Coffs Harbour. It was made in 1964 by John

10、 Landy. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana. The idea worked. Many people visited his fruit shop and took pictures of the Big Banana. Soon people all over Australia began making big things.The Big MerinoThe Big Merino is in the city of Goulburn. M

11、erinos are a type of sheep. They can live in dry weather. Some places in Australia are very dry, so these sheep are very important to the farmers there. Inside the Big Merino, there is a small museum about the history of wool in Australia.Visitors can also climb up to the Big Merions head and look a

12、t the view through its eyes.二、词汇句型语法知识拓展1.painterpaint动词改为名词加上后缀-erteach- teachersing-singerread-readervisit- visitorinvent-inventor有些动词加上-er或者加上-or变为名词多指男性，若指女性加后缀-ressactor- actresswaiter-waitresstailor-tailoressauthor-authoress2.cookn./v.3.I have some questions about dinosaurs.About指代内容比较普遍 ,on 暗

13、指内容是专门的，是学术性的4. There isnt anybody in the room.1)不定代词为单数2)There be这里有5.复合不定代词Is there anything on the blackboard?(P9)Is there anything on the noticeboard (P9)Is there anybody above the teacher (P9)Is there anybodyby the window (P9)Is there anything above the teacher (P9)Is there anythingunder the te

14、achers desk (P9)Is there anyonebehind the teacher (P9)Is there anythingon the bookcase (P9)Is there anyone next to the piano (P9)Grammar复合不定代词1、some 和anysome 和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词，表示“一些.”,但是二者在用法上还是有一定的区别的。2、some一般用于肯定句或者表示请、建议并希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。David has some friends in shanghai.May I have some chicke

15、n?Would you like some noodles?3、any一般用于否定句和疑问句中Mary hasnt got any pens.玛丽没有钢笔。(1) Its polite to takeflowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend.A. littleB. anyC. some(2) There isntwater in the glass. Lets go and get some.A. manyB. lotsC. anyD. some4、复合不定代词高频考点1） I saw nobody.2）There is not anybo

16、dy in the room.3）Is there anything on the bookcase?复合不定代词 一般是用some, any, no, every与one, thing, body组合构成的。4）一般来说，some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句中，any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句中。5）复合不定代词作主语的时候，谓语用单数形式Somebody wants to see you.6）形容词修饰复合不定代词的时候，要放在代词的后面Do you have anything important to tell us?above在上方，两者不接触belowAboveonover

17、Belowbeneathunderon在.上面，两者接触over“在.正上方”表示两者垂直，但不接触，也可指“笼罩或者覆盖在上面”underbetweenamongThe moon is now _ the trees.The books are _ the table.There is a bridge _ the river.6.Its always useful to have an encyclopaedia around the house.(P10)Its +adj+for sb to do sth.对于某人来说做某事是.It为形式主语，没有实际意义，正真的主语是后面的不定式短语.

18、7. A week later.(P12)一段时间+later,表示一段时间之后，常用于过去时。表将来的一段时间之后_8. 表花费：sb. spend(s) / spent onsth.sb.spend(s) / spent (in) doingsth.sb.pay(s)/ paidforsth.sth. cost(s) sb. ittakes / took sb. to dosth.注意各句型中主语、介词及动词(本身及后面接的动词)的形式I spent ten yuanbuyingthis book.=Ispent ten yuanonthis book.=This bookcostme t

19、en yuan.=I paid ten yuanforthis book.=Ittookme ten yuanto buythis book.9. An encyclopaedia oftenconsists ofa numer ofbooks. These books are called volumes.(P14)a number of & a lot of许多(P14)a number of + 可数名词复数a lot of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词eg.A lot of people were queuing for the film.许多人排队等著看那部电影.（可用a numbe

20、r of代替）I havent got a lot of time.我时间不多了.(不可用a number of 代替)注：短语the number of (的数目) 做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：The number of the students in our school is 900. 我们学校的学生数目是900。10. as +adj/adv(原级)+as 和一样1. Some dinosaurs wereas small aschickens.2.Others were as big as ten elephants.(P3)3. I am as tall as my sister

21、.我和姐姐一样高。（tall,形容词）4. He worksas hard asme. 他工作和我同样努力。(hard,副词)5. She sings as well as me. 她唱得和我一样好。(well,副词)6. He draws as carefully as his elder brother.他画画画得和他哥哥一样仔细认真。7.The boy is as intelligent as his brother.8.You should write as carefully as your father.9.They speak as slowly as the old man.1

22、、as+形容词、副词（原级）as.2、as 之后跟形容词的情况，如下：1) 在as . as 之前是be 动词，第一个as之后跟形容词2) 在as . as 之前是感官动词look, feel, smell, sound, taste,第一个as之后跟形容词：3) 在as . as 之前是：remain, keep, seem.第一个as之后跟形容词3、在其它行为动词之后，第一个as 之后必须跟副词的情况：除以上1）、2）、3）所列动词的其他行为动词否定形式:notas/so+ adj/adv(原级)+as不如一样He is not as tall as me.He is not so tal

23、l as me.= He is shorter than me.= I am taller than he.11. Sometimes an encyclopaedia tells us where to look formore informationon a similar subject.(P14)look forfindfind outlook for强调找的动作和过程。如：Im looking for my book. 我正在找我的书。find强调找的结果，即找到还是没找到。如：I look for my book everywhere, but I cant find it. 我到

24、处找我的书, 但没找到。find out表示查出, 努力查找。往往是指通过努力去查明事情的真相或查找答案等。如：The teacher tries to find out who is not in the classroom. 老师试着查出谁没在教室。find表示找到，发现。往往是找到或发现的结果。如I found my bike in the corner of a park.I didnt find my key, so I was not able to go into myroom.1. Many shoes nowadays are made of plastic or simil

25、ar stuff. 如今，许多鞋子是用塑料或类似的材料制成的。2. A cat is similar to a tiger in many respects. 猫和虎在很多方面相似。similar =the same3. These two signatures are very similar, can you tell them apart 这两处签名非常接近，你能把它们区分开来吗？4. Similar conditions are to be found in other countries. 在其他国家也会发现同样的情形。12.It was made in 1964 by John L

26、andy.(P13)这是一个被动句，谓语 was made 意为“被建造”英语中有两个语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态:Many peoplespeakEnglish.主语谓语动词宾语被动语态:Englishis spokenby many people.主语be+动词过去分词by+主动语态中的主语13.Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana.(P13)Make sb do sth.have /let14. Many people visited his

27、fruit shop andtook pictures ofBig Banana.(P13)Take pictures/take photos of .15. Visitors canclimb up tothe Big Merinos head and look at the view through its eyes.(P13)Through 介词，通过，透过，强调从物体内部通过Look throughgo through16.Sometimes an encyclopaedia tells us where to look formore informationon a similar

28、subject.(P14)Information 信息，情报，资料。它是不可数名词，没有复数形式。Advice, music ,work, weather, fun.17. at the end of .在.的末尾，在.的尽头（P4）There is a park at the end of the road.In the end 最后18.When I was young, I used to keep a notebook.(P4)used to do.过去常常做某事否定：didnt use to.19. They were not very good,but they helped me

29、 think and dream.Help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事Help ab with sth.She often helps me to study English.=She often helps me with my English.Help oneself to .Cant help doing .She cant help laughing.20.As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things.as的用法 as引导时间状语从句时常可和when换用，但较强调同时发生，多指短暂动作。As I left

30、the house, I forgot the key.我离家时，忘了带钥匙。 as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着.”的意思，表时间的推移。如：As I get older, I get more optimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。as表“一边一边”，引出伴随动作。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆忙地回家，边走边往后看。用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。As he was going out, it began to rain.当他出去的时候，天开始下雨了。as有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。As a

31、boy (when he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.当他是孩子时，他对数学失去希望。4）as、when、while用法一览表。类别作用例句asas表示“当的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时 或几乎同时发生。She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可

32、以同时发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)whilewhile意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while / when r

33、eading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁”)1.some一般用于肯定句或者表示请、建议并希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。David has some friends in shanghai.May I have some chicken?Would you like some noodles?2. any一般用于否定句和疑问句中Mary hasnt got any pens.玛丽没有钢笔。(1) Its polite to takeflowers as a gift when you go to visit a f

34、riend.A. littleB. anyC. some(2) There isntwater in the glass. Lets go and get some.A. manyB. lotsC. anyD. some五、课文重点句型及短语归纳重点句型及其用法集萃1、learn to do sth学习做某事2、many +复数名词许多3、as+形容词、副词的原级+as与.一样.4、used to do sth过去常常做某事5、help sb. do sth帮助某人做某事6、remember to do sth记着要去做某事7、so much+不可数名词如此多的8、It is +形容词+to

35、do sth做某事是的9、一段时间+later之后10、make sb do sth使某人做某事11、a number of +名词复数许多12、learn about 了解1. Look it up!查阅一下。look up意为“查阅；查询”强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查询。如：We can look up new words in a dictionary. 我们可以在词典中查新的单词.拓展：与look 相关的短语：look around向周围看look out 向外看；当心look like 看起来像look the same 看起来相同look forward to 盼望This mo

36、rning Isome new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday.A. picked upB. looked upC. cleaned upD. gave up2. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. 达. 芬奇出生在农村。be born意为“出生”.其后可接地点或时间状语，接地点用in，接时间用on或in（具体某一天用on；出生于某年某月用in）如：Tom was born in Guangzhou on

37、14 July 1999. 汤姆于1999年7月14日出生于广州。in the countryside 意为“在乡村，在农村”。如：When he was a child, he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.他小时候和祖父母一起居住在乡下。3. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. 从很小的时候起，他就显示除了非凡的智慧和艺术才能 from an early age 意为“从小起；从幼年起”.4. As he grew olde

38、r, he learnt to do many different things. 随着年龄的增长，他学会了很多不同的事情。as在本句中意为“当时候；随着，是连词，引导时间状语从句，它类似于七下unit8语法板块中学过的引导时间状语从句的连词when，但是含有含有as 引导的时间状语从句，主从句的动作还可以表示“一边一边”之意。如：The boy sang as he walked to school. 这个男孩边唱着歌边迈向学校走去.5. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machin

39、es wanted to find.例如，他的笔记本里就有一些飞行器的有趣的图片.for example 意为“例如” 用于列举上文中提到的人、事或物。如：.A lot of European countries are worth visiting, For example, I have been to the UK, France and Switzerland. 很多欧洲国家都值得一游，譬如我就去过英国、法国和瑞士。for example在句子中可以放在开头，也可以作为插入语放在句中。如：You should visit Hangzhou. Lingyin Temple, for ex

40、ample, is very famous. 你应该去杭州游览。例如灵隐寺就很出名。6. Dinosaurs lived on the Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. 恐龙比人类在地球上早出现6000多万年more than意为“多于；超过”。它的近义词是over，两者可以互相替换。如：It will take me more than/ over 2 hours to get to school. 我将要花费2个多小时去学校。more than的反义词 less than7. Some dinosaurs were

41、as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. 有些恐龙小如鸡仔，另一些则有十头大象那么大。asas 中间加形容词的原级，表示“和一样”的意思，如：Amy is as tall as her sister. 埃米和她姐姐一样高8. Then, suddenly, they all died out. 后来它们突然全部灭绝了。died out 意为“灭绝，消失”如：How did dinosaurs die out 恐龙是如何灭绝的。能力提升一根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。1. Edison was a great i_ in

42、 the world.2.-How much is the book?-20 d_.3. Sall was b_ in a small town in London.4.There are two _(笔记本)on the desk.二用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.It is useful _(learn)a foreign language.2.Can you help me _(carry)the box ,lily?3.Remember _(write)to me when you get to Beijing.4.I need some _(photo).Do you have any

43、?5.About two _(million)people listened to the programme.三单项选择1.Listening is just as _as speaking in language learning.A.importantB.more importantC.most importantD.the most important2.Do you have _ to say for our travel?A.else anythingB.anything elseC.else somethingD.something else3._ birds died beca

44、use of pollution.A.Two millionsB.Millions ofC.Million ofD.Two millions of4.There _ still some milk in the fridge. You dont need to go to the store today.A.amB.isC.areD.be5.What a fine day!Lets go _ a walk.A.forB.atC.outD.in6.The poor old man _ a week ago.A.deadB.deathC.diesD.died7.Dont look _ the wi

45、ndows in class,We must listen to the teacher carefully.A.out ofB.outC.intoD.up8.The PLA man saved three _ lives in the accident.A.chlidrensB.childrenC.childD.childs9.-Do you have _ pencils?- No ,but I have_pens.A.some,anyB.any,someC.some,someD.any,any10.Nobody _ me English .I have to learn it by mys

46、elf.A.teachB.teachesC.teachingD.to teach三完形填空。Charles Dickens, one of the greatest English writers1born in 1812, in one of the small2of England.When Dickens was nine years old,the family3to London, the capital of England. There was several young children in the family. Their life was hard, so Dicken

47、s could not4to school.Only until his father was5of prison, could Charles go to school. At that time, he was already twelve years old. But he did not finish school. Two years later he began6. The future writer often went to the library7books. He read8. Then Dickens wrote lots of novels all his life.

48、Dickens9over a hundred years ago, but people are still reading his books10great interest.() 1. A. isB. areC. wasD. were() 2. A. townB. townsC. familyD. country() 3. A. movesB. movedC. movingD. to move() 4. A. wentB. goC. to goD. going() 5. A. outB. atC. offD. up() 6. A. workB. worksC. workedD. to work() 7. A. readB. readingC. to readD. reads() 8. A. a lotB. manyC. a lot ofD. very much() 9. A. diedB. dieC. dyingD. death() 10. A. toB. inC. with D. out四阅读理解Do you know that fish come out of eggs w