新高考版英语高中总复习专题八《写作基础（讲解练）》教与学

1、第三部分写作专题八写作基础高考英语第一节基本句型奠基考点清单英语中最基本的句型有八种,其他各种句型都是由这八种基本句型演化而成。八种基本句型如下:1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)My brother is studying.我弟弟正在学习。2.主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语I work in a computer firm. Every day I get up early in the morning. After breakfast, I go to work by bike.我在一家电脑公司工作。每天早上我都早早起床。早饭后,我骑自行车去上班。3.主语+系动词+表语My English is

2、 much better than before. I feel very happy. I am very grateful for your help.我的英语比以前好多了。我感到非常高兴。我非常感谢你的帮助。4.主语+谓语+宾语Tom met a difficult problem. I found a way and helped him.汤姆遇到了一个难题。我找到一个方法并帮助了他。5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语I took an English exam yesterday. I had prepared for it for two weeks. Before I tur

3、ned in the paper, I checked it carefully. 昨天我参加了一场英语考试。我为此准备了两周的时间。在上交试卷之前,我仔细地检查了一下。6.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语Mr. Smith has taught us English for 3 years. Yesterday was his 50th birthday. Every one of us bought him a present and I even told him an interesting story. 史密斯先生教我们英语已经三年了。昨天是他50岁生日。我们每个人都给他买

4、了一个礼物,我甚至给他讲了一个有趣的故事。7.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语The old man had a lovely daughter. He named her Lily. He made her very happy every day and wanted her to become an artist.这个老人有一个可爱的女儿。他叫她莉莉。每天他都让她很高兴并且想让她成为一名艺术家。8.There be句型There are four teaching buildings, a library and a gym in our school, there are 36 class

5、es in total, and there are 50 students on average in each class. 我们学校有四栋教学楼、一个图书馆、一个体育馆和36个教学班,平均每个班有50名学生。第二节连接过渡整合考点清单连接词与过渡词语的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的基本手段。在句与句、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接(过渡)性词语是非常必要的。写作中常用的过渡性词语归纳如下:一、表起始关系的过渡性词语first of all, to begin/start with, firstly, nowadays, currently, recently, generally (

6、speaking), these days, with the development of, as far as I know, according to, above all, in ones opinion, by the way, when it comes to., as sb. knowFirst of all, let me ask you something.首先,让我问你一件事。As far as I know, the tickets are given away free. 据我所知, 这些票是免费发放的。二、表平行、对等或选择关系的过渡性词语and, both.and.

7、, as well (as), neither.nor., or, either.or., not only.but al-so., not.but., on the one hand.on the other hand., for one thing.for an-other (thing).They can neither read nor write. 他们不会读,也不会写。The outcome depends on conditions as well as how events unfold. 结果取决于条件,还取决于事件的进展。三、表递进关系的过渡性词语whats more, m

8、oreover, furthermore, additionally, in addition, also, besides, still, whats worse, to make things/matters worse, worse still, even worseWorse still, most of these foods are loaded with fat, salt, and chemicals.更糟糕的是, 这些食品中的大多数富含脂肪、盐和化学成分。The young find everything so simple. The young, moreover, see

9、 it as their du-ty to be happy and do their best to be so. 年轻人觉得每件事都那么简单。而且,他们把幸福视为自己的责任,并努力去实现幸福。四、表转折或让步关系的过渡性词语(al)though, but, while, yet, however, nevertheless, otherwise, despite, instead, on the contrary, in spite of, regardless of, even if/thoughIt isnt hot; on the contrary, its cold. 天并不热。正

10、相反,它(天气)很冷。There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try. 我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过,重要的是我们努力争取。五、表解释说明或列举的过渡性词语for example, for instance, take.for example, such as, that is, as follows, namely, in other words, and so on, believe it or not, to tell t

11、he truth, to be hon-est, in this/that case, in particular, particularly, speciallyThe reasons are as follows. 理由如下。They will be concerned to do the right thingto dress properly, for instance.他们需要注意行为是否恰当比如说,穿着得体。六、表因果关系的过渡性词语because, as, since, for this reason, on account of, thanks to, for the sake

12、 of, due to, owing to, as a result, thus, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as a consequence (of)She gave up smoking for the sake of her health.为了身体健康,她戒了烟。She retired early on account of/because of/owing to/as a result of ill health.她由于身体不好而提早退休。七、表观点的过渡性词语in ones opinion/view, from ones po

13、int of view, as far as sb. be concerned, as for., personallyAs for us, we are fortunate. 对我们来说, 我们是幸运的。Personally, I prefer the second option. 就我个人而言,我倾向第二种选择。八、表总结的过渡性词语in short/brief/conclusion, in a word, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, in gen-eralTo sum up, there are three main ways of tack

14、ling the problem.概括起来说,这一问题主要有三种解决办法。On the whole, Im in favour of the idea.大体说来,我赞成这个想法。九、表时间的过渡性词语开始at first, at the beginning of, in the beginning 然后after a while, afterwards, and then, later, after that, next, shortly after, the next moment最终at last, at length, finally, eventually, in the end同时

15、at the same time, in the meantime, meanwhile过去 at that time, before, by that time, earlier, formerly, in the past现在 at present, presently, right now, nowadays, up to nowAfterwards, we picnicked on the riverbank. 之后,我们在河岸上野餐。Eventually our flight left five hours late.我们的班机最终晚了五个小时起飞。My first novel wa

16、s rejected by six publishers. In the meantime I had written a play.我的第一部小说遭到六家出版商的拒绝。其间我又完成了一部戏剧。十、表空间的过渡性词语before, behind, below, beneath, between, beyond, nearby, under, above, over, on the right/left, in (the) front of, in the middle of, at the back of, at the bottom of, opposite to, next to, on

17、one side, on the other side, at the foot/end of The correct answers can be found at the bottom of page 8.正确答案在第8页末尾。He entered by the door opposite to that opening into the garden.他是从对着通向花园的那个口的门进来的。第三节高级词汇增光考点清单写作中所谓的“高级词汇”指的是课程标准中有但课本中出现的频率不高而实际中经常用到,或课程标准中没有列入或没有识记要求,但在实际运用中却出现比较频繁的词汇(包括短语)。要让语言表

18、达多样化,就要做到“人无我有,人有我优”。如果考生能恰当地运用此类词汇,在写作中定会给评卷老师留下深刻的印象,提高书面表达的得分。下面把写作中常用的高级词汇做一下简单总结,希望对同学们的写作有所裨益。常见词汇意义高级词汇attend参加be involved in;participate inbear忍受put up with cause导致lead to;result in;contribute to;give rise toconsider考虑o consideration/accountfail失败meet with failurehelp帮助do sb. a/the favor;len

19、d sb.a helping hand happen发生occur/come about 1.动词类have拥有possessimprove提高promotemaster掌握have a command ofrealise意识到be aware remember记得bear/keep in mind save节省set asidesend送delivershould应该be supposed to thank感谢appreciatetend to do sth.倾向做某事have a tendency to do sth.use使用;利用make use of/take advantage o

20、f understand理解make sense of/figure out be made up of由组成be composed of/consist ofbe being built在建造中be under constructioncant do sth.不能做某事have trouble/difficulty doing sth.decide to do sth.决定做某事determine to do sth./be determined to do sth.have to do sth.不得不做某事cannot help but do sth./have no alternativ

21、e but to do sth.lie in位于be located/situated insee看见catch sight ofthink of sth.想到某事sth. occurs to sb.try ones best to do sth.尽力做某事spare no effort to do sth./do everything in ones power to do sth.explain解释;说明account forresult from由于;由造成be attributed to2.名词类常见词汇意义高级词汇chance机会opportunitychoice选择alternat

22、ivepeople人们individualsresult结果consequenceshortcoming缺点drawbackmore and more people越来越多的人an increasing numberof peopleall kinds of各种各样的a wide range of常见词汇意义高级词汇difficult困难的challengingenough足够的adequategood好的Outstanding/distinguished/brilliantfree空闲的available important重要的essential/vital/significantluck

23、y幸运的fortunatepopular受欢迎的enjoy great popularityproper恰当的appropriate3.形容词类rich丰富的abundanttired疲惫的exhausted/worn outbe angry with对生气be annoyed withbe busy with忙于be occupied with/bury oneself inbe bored with 对厌烦be fed up withbe very happy很高兴be wild with joybe+adj.(important/useful/beneficial/helpful/val

24、uable)重要的/有用的/有益的/有帮助的/有价值的be of+n.(importance/use/benefit/help/value)be satisfied with对感到满意express ones satisfaction withbe interested in对感兴趣have interest in/be fascinated by/be crazy about/sth. appeal(s)to sb.4.副词类常见词汇意义高级词汇finally最后eventuallyhardly几乎不barelyhurriedly匆忙地in a hurryimmediately立刻witho

25、ut hesitation/delaynowadays现在currentlyso因此consequently/thereforesuddenly突然all of a suddenvery非常extremely常见词汇意义高级词汇considering考虑到in view ofduring在期间in the course ofin fact事实上as a matter of factin a word总之to summarize/in conclusion/to sum up5.介词(短语)类第四节句型转化添彩考点清单在写作中,要想有效避免句子的单调和呆板,写出丰富、简短、生动的句子,善于句型转

26、化非常重要。常用的句型转化形式有:一、用介词或介词短语对祈使句、并列句、状语从句进行转化,可使句子变得简洁。常用的介词(介词短语)有but for、thanks to、in spite of、de-spite、in the face of、on/upon ones arrival、because of、as well as、such as、by doing等。典例1Because he helped me, I accomplished the task on time.Thanks to his help, I accomplished the task on time.二、使用现在分词对祈

27、使句、并列句、名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句进行转化典例21.Go straight and you will see a flower shop.Going straight, you will see a flower shop.2.As I was lying on the grass, I thought of my brother who was studying abroad.Lying on the grass, I thought of my brother studying abroad.三、使用过去分词可对并列句、定语从句或状语从句进行转化典例3He was told ma

28、ny times, but he didnt memorize the rule.Told many times, he didnt memorize the rule.四、使用不定式可与介词短语、并列句、状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句进行转化典例4The policemen entered the forest in search of the missing boy.The policemen entered the forest to search for the missing boy.五、with的复合结构可与并列句、状语从句进行转化,而独立主格结构也可与并列句或状语从句进行转化典例

29、51.I have a lot of work to do and cant go to Beijing with you tomorrow.With a lot of work to do, I cant go to Beijing with you tomorrow.2.If weather permits, we will hold the meeting outside.Weather permitting, we will hold the meeting outside.六、为了增强表意效果,有时可以用倒装句、省略句等特殊句式对常见句式进行转化典例61.I didnt know t

30、he result until he told me.Not until he told me did I know the result.Only when he told me did I know the result.2.If I am invited, I will attend the party.If invited, I will attend the party.六、有时,根据写作的需要,名词性从句和定语从句、并列句和定语从句、名词性从句之间也可以相互转化典例71.He has two sons and both of them are doctors.He has two

31、sons, both of whom are doctors.2.We all know that he is a warm-hearted man.As we all know, he is a warm-hearted man.What is known to us all is that he is a warm-hearted man.3.That different people have different hobbies is natural.Its natural that different people have different hobbies.第五节常用表达护航考点清

32、单英语中有很多常用句式或表达对避免汉式英语、提升作文水平很有帮助。学生可以根据写作的实际需要合理采用地道表达,提升自己的表达层次和水平。1.(某事)是(1)说起来容易做起来难。It is easy to say but difficult to practice.(2)他获奖是最令人激动的消息。It was the most exciting news that he got the prize.2.渐渐开始主语+come to+动词原形通过团队合作,我渐渐喜欢上了他。I came to like him through teamwork.3.习惯做某事主语+make it a rule+to

33、 do sth.It is a rule with sb.+to do sth.过去的惯常行为:used to do sth.我习惯在傍晚的时候出去散步。I make it a rule to go out for a walk towards evening.It is a rule with me to go out for a walk towards evening.4.据说;听说 据说运动会在月底举行。 The sports meeting is said to be held at the end of the month. It is said that the sports m

34、eeting will be held at the end of the month.I am told that the sports meeting will be held at the end of the month. I hear that the sports meeting will be held at the end of the month.5.不明白(究竟) I wonder+疑问词/if.(1)我不知道他要乘哪趟火车离开这里。 I wonder which train he will take to leave here.(2)我不知道他是否对这件事感兴趣。 I w

35、onder/am wondering if he is interested in it.6.归功于(A owes B to C)他把他的成功归功于你的努力。 He owes his success to your efforts.7.最佳的是打好英语作文基础的最佳途径就是阅读许多浅显易懂的书。The best way to lay the foundation of the English composition is to read many books that are easy to understand.One can lay the best foundation of the E

36、nglish composition by reading many books that are easy to understand. There is no better way to lay the foundation of the English composition than to read many books that are easy to understand.8.预计要今年9月我们要搬到新校舍去。We are expected to move to the new schoolhouse in September this year.9.如此以至于这本书非常有趣,我把

37、它读了一遍又一遍。This book is so interesting that I have read it again and again.This is such an interesting book that I have read it again and again.10.直到才(开始)直到在国外旅行的时候,我才开始深深体会到语言不通是多么不方便。I didnt realize how inconvenient it was when one could not make oneself un-derstood until I traveled in a foreign cou

38、ntry.I realized how inconvenient it was when one could not make oneself under-stood only after I traveled in a foreign country.11.对比议论(1)我同意这个计划。首先,建工厂会给人们提供不同的工作。其次,它可以省许多钱。最后,它不会对环境有太大危害。I agree to/am in favor of the plan.To begin/start with,the building of the facto-ry will provide people with different jobs.Secondly,it can save a lot of money.Lastly/Finally,it wont do much harm to