高中英语语法综合复习全解课件-介词和介词短语

1、教学辅助课件高中语法综合复习全解教学辅助课件高中语法综合 P3-1介词和介词短语 P3-1介词和介词短语Do theexercisesindividually, and thencheckyouranswerswithyour partners.Do theexercisesindividually,Now check youranswers1-5In; By; for; in; by6-10in; with; in; by; forNow check youranswers1-5In; B基本用法例词表示方位above,across,along,among,around,behind, ov

2、er, through表示时间after,as,at,before,during, since, 表示除去 besides,but,except表示原因/目的 for,with,from , of, over 表示支持、反对for/against表示工具、手段、方式by, in , on, with表示其他 of, against, like, by, as, with, beyond介词基本用法例词表示方位above,across,along考点题例一1. The meeting lasted _three hours yesterday.for2. _ the past 10 years,

3、 great changes have taken place in this area.During/Over3. Well have finished the work _ ten oclock tomorrow.by4. The sunlight came in _(穿过) the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.through考点题例一1. The meeting lasted _4. Four Chinese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at th

4、e World Supermodel Competition.among5. Mexico is _ the south of North America.in6. Our office is _ the 6th floor of a ten-storeyed building.on7.Today, she lives thousands of miles away from me, but she sometimes by emails me about the books she is reading./4. Four Chinese models were _一、常用介词表示年、月、日、

5、时刻等用at, in, onat用于表示时刻、时间的某一点。at lunch 午餐时 at breakfast早餐时at night 在夜间 at first 起初at times 偶尔，有时 at the same time同时We usually have lunch at noon/at twelve.我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。注意：表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。this morning 今天早上； last Monday 上周一； every week 每周。一、常用介词表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, ona

6、ton用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时，一律用on)。on Monday 在周一 on June 6 在6月6日on Tuesday morning在周二早上on May 4, 2003 在2003年5月4日on Christmas Day 在圣诞节那天on the night of July (the) first 在七月一日夜晚We didnt listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon.周三下午我们没去听演讲。on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午(指具in用于表示周、月、季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。in M

7、ay 在五月in the holiday 在假期中 in summer 在夏季in September, 1995 在1995年9月in the morning 在上午in the 21st century 在二十一世纪People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。Do they work in the daytime or at night?in用于表示周、月、季节、年和泛指的上2.表示时间的前后用before, after两者既可以作介词又可以作连词。 before 在之前Wash your hands before dinner. (before作介词) 吃饭前

8、请洗手。He will call me before he leaves here/before ten oclock. (前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词) 他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。2.表示时间的前后用before, after两者既可以作介B. after 在之后Lets sing some songs after school.(after作介词)放学后咱们唱歌吧！Please close the door after you leave the room. (after作连词)离开房间后请关门。B. after 在之后3. 表示期限等用by, unti

9、l, tillA. by 在前(时间)；截止(到)by the end of在底(之前)by then 到那时by the time + 从句 在之前How many English books had you read by the end of last year?到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？She had left by the time I arrived.我到时(之前)她已经走了。3. 表示期限等用by, until, tillA. byB. until/till 直到为止(时间)We didnt begin to watch TV until/till nine oclock

10、.一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。I will wait for him until he comes here.我将在这儿一直等到他来。B. until/till 直到为止(时间)4. 表示期间等用for, during, throughfor 达之久(表示经过了多少时间)可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市待两天。4. 表示期间等用for, during, throughfB. during

11、在期间They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。C. through 一直(从开始到结束)They played the cards through the night.He stayed in London through the winter.比较：for和during。for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。B. during 在期间5.表示时间的起点等用from, since from 从起(时间)表示“从开始”时，一般都是用词组f

12、romto，而单纯表示确切的“从几点开始”时用at。The meeting will be held from eight to ten.这个会议将从8点开到10点。The meeting will be held at eight.会议将从八点钟开始。5.表示时间的起点等用from, since from 从B. since 自从以来 (表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。(强调一直病到现在)The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor

13、. (since作连词，引导时间状语从句) 这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。B. since 自从以来 (表示从以前某时一6.表示时间的经过等用in, withinA. in过后(未来时间), 大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。in an hour 一小时之后in a week or so 大约一星期之后He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。注意：如果用于过去式，用after+时间。She went to Nanjing last May, and she came back after a month.6.表示时间的经过等用in,

14、 withinA. in过后B. within 不超过的范围within 3 hours 3小时之内within a week 一周之内I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。比较：within和in。within强调“在时间之内”，没有时态的限制。in是以限制为基础，in an hour是指从现在起一个小时之后，所以in一般只用于将来时。B. within 不超过的范围A. at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)at school 上学 at home 在家at Baker Street 在贝克街2号sta

15、nd at the door 站在门边at the bottom/back/end/head ofIll meet him at the Beijing railway station.我将去北京站接他。at & inA. at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)at & inB. in 在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)in Beijing 在北京 in the world在世界上in the bed 躺在床上 in China 在中国in a book/newspaper 在书上/报纸上His brother is in prison. He was arrested 2 years ago.Mike

16、works in the prison.She was born in China.B. in 在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所) on 在上面，有接触面。on the desk 在桌子上面on the map 在地图上There are two maps on the wall. 墙上有两张地图。on 在靠近的地方on the right 在右边 on the river在河边on the pavement 在人行道上on & above & over & under & below on 在上面，有接触面。on & above & ovB. above 在上方Our plane flew abo

17、ve the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。C. over 在正上方，是under的反义词There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。B. above 在上方D. under 在下面；在之内under the table 桌子下面under the jacket 在夹克内The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。E. below 在下方(不一定是正下方)正下方是under，below是above的反义词。There are a

18、lot of fishes below the surface of the water. 水下面有许多各式各样的鱼。D. under 在下面；在之内 near近的，不远的near=not far，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。in the near future 在不久的将来Is there a bus stop near here?这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？B. by 在旁边，距离比near要近by the window 在窗户边 by me在我旁边The boy is standing by the window. near & by near近的，不远的near & by be

19、tween 在两者之间My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike. 我们的老师正坐在汤姆和麦克之间。Whats the difference between A and B？B. among 在三者或更多的之中There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎。C. around环绕，在周围，在四周The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。between &

20、among & around between 在两者之间between & among in (the) front of 在的前面(前部)。There is a tree in front of the house.在房屋前面有一棵树。There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom.在教室前部有一张大讲桌。B. behind 在后面，behind是in front of 的反义词。There is a tree behind my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。C. opposite 在对面Our sch

21、ool is opposite a university.我们学校在一所大学的对面。in front of & behind & opposite in (the) front of 在的前面(前部)。 in 在之内，用于表示静止的位置The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。B. into 进入用于表示有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后。如：go, come, walk, run等。The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。He jumped into the water. 他跳入水中。i

22、n & into & out of & up in 在之内，用于表示静止的位置in & into &C. out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。D. up 移动The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。C. out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运 along 沿着I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。B. across 横过I often swim a

23、cross the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。along & across & past & through along 沿着along & across & pastC. past 经过Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。D. through 贯穿，通过The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。C. past 经过 to 到达地点(目的地)或方向He came to Japan in 1980.B.

24、for 表示目的地，“向”for表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。leave for 动身去 start for 出发去I will leave for America next week.下周我将动身去美国。C. from 从地点起Its about ten minutes walk from here to the cinema.to & from & for to 到达地点(目的地)或方向to & from & with & for1.with多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后，表示某种心理或心理状态的原因。I am satisfied with his service.2

25、. for 多与表示感情的抽象名词或动名词及 reason, famous 等词连用。The West Lake is famous for its scenery.with & for1.with多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体against & foragainst 意为“反对”，指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取对立的态度。against 还有“倚靠，逆着，相反，在的衬托下，与比赛”等意思。for 指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度，意思是“支持，赞成”，与in favor of 同义。against & foragainst 意为“反对”，指在Are you for or against

26、 the new road scheme?你对修建新道路的计划是赞成还是反对？She was forced to marry against her will.她被迫违心地嫁了人。Thats against the law.那是违法的。The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目。Are you for or against the newbesides & except &but &other than &except for1. 用于否定句时，besides, except与but

27、 可相互替换。No other students passed the difficult maths exam except/ besides/ but Lin Tao and Wu Dong.除林涛、吴东外没有别的学生通过那么难的数学考试。besides & except &but 1. 用于否定句2. 用于肯定句时的区别1）except 意为：not including 除之外（不再有）We all passed the exam except Tom.除汤姆没及格外，我们都及格了。（汤姆没及格）2）besides意为：in addition to 除之外（还有）We have lots

28、 of things in common besides music.除了音乐我们还有很多共同点。2. 用于肯定句时的区别1）except 意为：not in注意besides在句中的位置较灵活，可放在句首，亦可放在句中；而except多放在句中。except前几乎总有all, any, every, no及其复合不定代词。He answered all the questions except the last one.除最后一个问题没有回答外，其余所有问题他都回答了。I have a few friends besides you.除了你之外，我还有几个朋友。注意besides在句中的位置

29、较灵活，可放在句首，亦可放在句3）except for 表示“除了”之意，它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思。The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.这篇作文写得很好，只是有些拼写错误。Your coat is good except for its color.你的外套很好，就是颜色不太好。注意：当except 用于句首时，后面往往要加上for.Except for this, everything is in good order.=Everything is in good order except

30、 this. 除此之外，一切正常。3）except for 表示“除了”之意，它所叙述的事3. except 和but/other than 都可接名词、代词、动名词，可以互换；但except 后接副词、介词短语、when从句等时， but/other than 不可替换except.He has always been in high spirits except recently.除近来外，他总是精神饱满。（副词）The window is never opened except in summer.除夏天外，这扇窗户从来不开。（介词短语）He has always been busy e

31、xcept when it is Sunday.除星期日外，他总是很忙。（when从句）3. except 和but/other than 都可接名4. but, except 后都可接that 从句作宾语。I asked for nothing from him but/except that he should write to me every other week.我对他并无其他要求，只要他每隔一周给我写一封信。5. besides 还可以作副词，相当于in addition; also; moreover; furthermoreI dont want to go. Besides,

32、 I am too tired.我不想去。再说，我也太累了。This is my best suit. Besides, I have two others.这是我最好的一套衣服，我另外还有两套。4. but, except 后都可接that 从句作宾语。in& on & to &off四个词都可表示两地之间的位置关系。in& on & to &off四个词都可表示两地之间的位置off 表示海面上靠近海岸的地方；或者强调两地之间隔着一小段距离。New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.（强调靠近海岸）They arrived at

33、a house off the main road.（两地隔着一小段距离）off 表示海面上靠近海岸的地方；或者强调两地之间隔着一小段举一反三1. _autumn coming, the trees are abundant in fruit.With2. _ graduating from college, she found a job as a nurse.After3. It has been snowing _ Christmas morning.on4.A great person is always putting others interests _ his own.above

34、5.Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?across举一反三1. _autumn coming, the1. When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men. A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor ofD. in praise of考点题例二1. When asked about their o

35、pin2.Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan. A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time3._ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. A. Far from B. Apart from C. Instead of D. Regardless of2.Wed better discuss everythi二、介词短语with 短

36、语with anger 生气地 with confidence有信心地with delight/joy 高兴地with ease轻而易举地with satisfaction 满意地with success 成功地with kindness 亲切地二、介词短语with 短语with anger 生气地 at 短语at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平中at rest静止不动 at sea 在海上，在航海at present 目前 at sunrise 日出时at the beginning of 在的开始at the cost of 以的代价at the mercy of 在的

37、支配下at the sight of 一看到就at the price of 以的价格at 短语at a loss 不知所措 at on短语on display 陈列 on line 在工作（运行）on sale 出售，打折 on show 在展出on the go 在忙碌中 on the march 在进行中on account of 因为on behalf of 代表on condition that 在的条件下，如果on no account/condition/occasion 决不on the basis of 以为基础on the occasion of 在时on短语on disp

38、lay 陈列 oin短语in cash 用现金付款 in detail 详细地in shape 在外形上 in anger 生气地in debt 负债 in delight 高兴地in despair 绝望 in doubt 不确定in print 已出版 in prison 在狱中in rags 穿着破烂 in ruins 成为废墟in silence 沉默 in trouble 在困难中in wonder 惊奇地 in view 看得见in surprise 惊奇地 in order 就绪in短语in cash 用现金付款 in din短语in the face of 面对 in addi

39、tion to 另外in case of 万一；如果；假如in charge of 掌管in consequence of 由于in favor of 支持，赞成in no case 决不 in no time 立刻in no way 决不 in spite of 尽管in honor of 向表示敬意in the charge of 在的管理下in短语in the face of 面对 by 短语by accident 偶然 by chance 偶然by coincidence 碰巧 by force 用暴力by mistake 错误地 by nature 天生地by air/plane 乘

40、飞机by radio 通过收音机by weight/volume/size/number 按重量/体积/大小/数量by 短语by accident 偶然 of 短语of benefit 有益处的 of help 有帮助的of importance 重要的of interest 有趣的of significance 有意义的of use 有用的of value 有价值的of 短语of benefit 有益处的 out of 短语out of balance 失去平衡out of breath 上气不接下气out of control 不受控制out of debt 不欠债out of order

41、 除故障out of patience 不耐烦out of season 过季out of the question 不可能out of question 毫无疑问out of trouble 摆脱困难out of 短语out of balance 失去平衡beyond 短语beyond compare 无与伦比beyond comprehension 难以理解beyond description 难以描述beyond measure 非常，极其beyond question 无可争辩；毋庸置疑beyond reach 够不到beyond words 难以表达beyond ones wilde

42、st dreams 做梦都没想到， 远远出乎所料beyond 短语beyond compare 无与伦比from 短语be absent from 缺席be different from 不同于be far from 远离be free from 不受影响be safe from 免受的伤害from 短语be absent from 缺席其它常用短语according to 根据 along with 随着together with 连同 but for 要不是owing to 因为 by means of 借助于for fear of 唯恐 for the good of 为了的利益for

43、lack of 因为缺乏for the purpose of 为了起见for life 一生，终身其它常用短语according to 根据 al举一反三1. I am lucky. I have my dad in my life and we have a great relationship. Today hes _the way _being a second grandpa and is as proud as he can be.onto2. Jane is _ a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an ho

44、ur.inin举一反三1. I am lucky. I have my d考点题例三He worked _ night and slept _ day.他晚上工作，白天睡觉。byby2. The new road will be completed _ the end of the year.这条道路将在年底以前建成。before3. An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.against考点题例三He worked _ night and 三、介词的句

45、法功能作定语介词短语作定语时，一律后置。He stared at the portrait on the wall.他盯着墙上的画像。It was a good solution to my difficulty.这是一个解决我困难的好方案。Who is the girl with a foreign accent?带外国口音的那个女孩是谁？三、介词的句法功能作定语作状语介词短语作状语时，修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子。Classes begin at eight. (修饰动词)八点钟开始上课。Jane looks young for her age. (修饰形容词)珍妮看起来比她的实际年

46、龄年轻。To my surprise, Li Ming passed the exam at all. (修饰全句)让我惊奇的是，李明通过了考试。作状语作表语We are against/for you.我们反对/支持你。It was because of the heavy rain that we couldnt go out.因为这场大雨，我们出不去了。作宾语补足语I always find her at her studies.我总发现她在学习。We found the map quite out of date.我发现这地图完全过时了。作表语举一反三1. well have fini

47、shed the work _ ten oclock tomorrow.by2. The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.with举一反三1. well have finished the高中英语语法综合复习全解课件-介词和介词短语1. But my connection with pandas goes back_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, to2. Most of us are more focused _

48、our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. onI. Multiple choice. 解析：to。go back to追溯到。解析：on。be focused on . 集中于。1. But my connection with pand3. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands.with解析：with。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法用手吃饭，“with表示具体工具的名词”表示“用”。3. In India, for e

49、xample, most4. For those who fly to Guilin, its only anhour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. 5. When a new day breaks, the walls havegiven up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; _the same time, they warm up again for the night. byat4. For those who fly to Guilin6. I got a place next _