2022届高考英语一轮复习重难语法课4虚拟语气学案北师大版

1、重难语法课(4)虚拟语气语境中体悟用法朗读下面短文，体会、领悟虚拟语气的形式与用法。My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she were my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat, she would look. like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that sh。 (should) catmore vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) w

2、ork out regularly. Besides, he insisted that she (should) walk to school. If she had followed the doctors advice, she would not be so fat now. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become overwei ght.This morning, Mary* s mother bought her a new dress. It wyou表

3、示与将来事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式来一般过去时,或用“were to/should +动词原形”，主句用 “would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。在It is （high） time that后的从句中，谓语动词用“should（不能省略）+动词原 形”或一般过去时。本句为句thout引起的含蓄条件句,可转换为if从句。vould （had） rather后的宾语从句中用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反,用过去 完成时表示与过去事实相反。insist袤示“坚持认为，坚持说”时,后面从句不用虚拟语气。在it is necessary that引导的主语从句中，主

4、语从句中的谓语动词用“（should） +动词原形”O系统中整合规那么（一）虚拟条件句的基本用法if虚拟条件句（1）基本构成时间if从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式对现在 的虚拟过去式（be的过去式用were）should/would/could/might + 动词原形对过去 的虚拟had+过去分词should/would/could/might +have+过去分词对将来 的虚拟should+动词原形should/would/could/might + 动词原形过去式（be的过去式用were）were to+动词原形（2）错综时间虚拟条件句当从句、主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的

5、形式要根据它所在的时间作出 相应的调整。If you hadnt left home wi thout a word, your parents wouldn t be so worried now.要不是你一言不语地离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担忧了。（从句与过去事实相反， 主句与现在事实相反）（3）省略if的倒装句if虚拟条件状语从句中出现were, had, should时,可省略if,把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the mee

6、ting.要是他赶上了早晨的火车，他就不会开会迟到了。.含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for, without等介词(短语)或上下文 来表示。Wc wouldnt have finished the project on time without your timely help.如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。(2)用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet

7、ing.我那天病了，否那么，我就参加运动会了。(3)虚拟条件通过bul暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况+bul +真实情况”。I would have delivered a speech, but I had a cold that day.我本来可以演讲的，但是那天我感冒了。(二)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法.主语从句中的虚拟语气(1)某些It is/was +形容词/过去分词/名词+ that引导的主语从句中，主语从句要用 虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形，should可省略。Its vital that we (should) take our safety driving seriou

8、sly.重要的是我们应该认真对待我们的平安驾驶。(2)用于本句型常见的形容词、过去分词、名词2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气形容词necessary, important, best, right, impossible, desirable, advisable, essential, urgent, strange 等。过去分词通常表示提议、要求、命令等，如 suggested, required, requested, demanded, urged, decided, proposed, ordered, desired, advised 等。名词pity, regret, desire, r

9、ule, shame, honour, surprise 等。(1)宾语从句在表示“提议”“要求”“命令” “意志”等动词后，其谓语动词用 “(should) +动词原形”表示虚拟。常见的此类动词有insist (坚持要求，坚决主张)， order, command, advice, suggest (建议)，propose, recommend, ask, demand, require, request, urge, arrange, desire, intend, direct 等。He suggested that we (should) start off early the nex

10、t day.他建议我们第二天早点出发。名师指津当suggest表示“暗示，说明”之意，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的微笑说明他对我们的工作很满意。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个人坚持说他从没有偷过那笔钱。(2)wish后接that引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为：时间从句谓语动词形

11、式对现在的虚拟过去式(b。的过去式用were)对过去的虚拟had +过去分词对将来的虚拟would/could/might +动词原形I wish (that) I were ten years younger.但愿我能年轻十岁。I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.我多希望昨天见到了那个电影明星。(3) would ralher后接宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为:时间从句谓语动词形式对现在的虚拟过去式(be的过去式用were)对将来的虚拟对过去的虚拟had +过去分词I* d rather he had gone to th

12、e seaside with me the day before yesterday.我希望他前天和我去海边了。.表语从句中的虚拟语气(1)句子主语是表示“愿望”“劝告”“建议” “主张”“命令” “决定”等行为动词 派生出来的同根名词时，其表语从句常用虚拟语气“(should) +动词原形”结构。这类名词 有 suggestion, proposal, request, advice, decision, requirement 等。Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.我们唯一的要求是这事

13、应该尽可能快地解决。(2)虚拟语气可用于as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句：时间从句谓语动词形式对现在的虚拟过去式(be的过去式用were)对过去的虚拟had+过去分词对将来的虚拟would/could/might +动词原形She looks as if nothing had happened to her.她看起来好像什么事都没有发生似的。He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。名师指津如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语 气。It sounds as if

14、 it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。4.同位语从句中的虚拟语气当表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词作主语或宾语时，其同位语从句中的谓语动词 用“should+动词原形，should可以省略。常见的这类名词有：advice建议desire渴望order命令decision 决定demand 要求idea想法motion提议plan计划proposal提议request 要求 suggestion 建议We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o, clock. 我们都同意这个命令：五点完成这项任务。

15、5.两个特定句式中的虚拟语气if only引导的条件句及感叹句(2)It is (high/about/very) time (that) .对过去的虚拟对现在的虚拟对将来的虚拟had+过去分词过去式(be的过去式用were)would/could/should/might +动词原 形从句中谓语动词用过去式或“should+动词原形”。If only I had seen the film.要是我看过那部电影就好了。It is high lime that we should start/slarted out.我们该出发了。集训中明晰考点考点1虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用(2020 ,江

16、苏高考改编)If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I (be) where I am.解析：wouldnt be句意：我如果没有面对那么多的障碍，就不会有今天的我(我现在 就不会在这个位置上)。根据if条件句中的hadnt been faced with .可知，从句与过 去事实相反，由此判断出本句是虚拟语气。再由主句中的1am可知，主句与现在事实相反, 故用 would doo(2019 ,江 苏高考 改编)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we (have) a good time t

17、ogether.解析：would have had句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否那么，我们就可以在一起 度过段愉快的时光了。根据.匕文可知，是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设，故 填 would have had。(2019 天津高考改编)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they (accomplish) the task in half the time.解析：would have accomplished句意：工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否那么他们就 会在一半的时间内完成任务了。根据语境和句意可知，0themvis

18、e后面是虚拟语气，是对过 去发生的事情的虚拟，故填would have accomplished。. (2018 ,北 京高考 改编)They might have found a better hotel if they (drive) a few more kilometers.解析：had driven句意：如果他们开车再多走几千米的话，他们或许就会找到一家更 好的旅馆。主从句皆为对过去的虚拟，从句中应使用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。考点2虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用(2018 江苏高考改编)Its strange that he (take) the books without the

19、 owner* s permission.解析：should have taken句意：真奇怪，他居然没有得到主人的允许就把那些书拿 走了。在it is strange that .句式中，that引导的从句要用“should+动词原形”作 谓语。再根据语境可知，应用完成时。(2018 ,江苏高考改编)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved.解析：had句意：在这个村子里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我能再有一次机会更 多地参与其

20、中。动词wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。根据句意可知，此处表示与现在 的情况相反，故用动词的过去式。(2016 全国卷 II 改编)Some classmates suggest we (go) to places of interest nearby.解析：(should) go suggest表示建议”，后面接宾语从句时，从句中谓语用should +动词原形，should可省略。(2021 ,大庆模拟)Eye doctors recommend that a child, s first eye exam (be) at the age of six months old.解析：(sh

21、ould) be句意：眼科医生建议孩子应在六个月大时进行第一次眼睛检查。recommend表示“建议；主张”后接宾语从句时，要用(should+) do的虚拟语气。(2021 天津模拟)I wish I (not tell) her the news and then she wouldn, t be worried now.解析：hadnt told句意：但愿我没有告诉她这个消息，那么她现在就不会担忧了。 wish引导的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气。根据此题语境，表示与过去事实相反的愿望应用过 去完成时。考点3虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用. (2021 哈尔 滨模拟)Jack is a great

22、talker. It* high time that he (do) something instead of just talking.解析：did/should do句意：杰克是个夸夸其谈的人。该是他做点什么而不是光说的 时候了。it is high time that后加从句,从句谓语动词用should+动词原形或者过去式。. (2021 ,海淀模拟)He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing (happen).解析：had happened句意：他把这个工程搞糟了，但他表现的好像什么也没发生一样。 该句表示对过去的虚拟，

23、根据as if的虚拟规那么，该处应用过去完成时态。. (2021 扬州模拟)It was Jack who cheated in the exam. Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it?解析：had done句意：是杰克在考试中作弊。你为什么跟我说话，好像是我干的？该 句表示对过去的虚拟，根据as if的虚拟规那么，该处应用过去完成时态。. (2021 ,广 东模拟)Look at the trouble you are in! If only you (follow) your parents advice.解析：had followed句意：

24、看看你现在所处的困境！你要是听从你父母的建议就好了。 此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，要用过去完成时。自测中查漏补缺I.用所给词的适当形式填空It is required by law that a driving test (should) be taken(take) before a man gets a license.I believe he must have had an accident; otherwise he would have arrived (arrive) on time.The national smog serves as a constant reminder

25、, indicating that it* s high time we refIcctcd/should reflect (reflect) on ourselves.一How I wish I had passed (pass) the geography exam!So you* re sorry that you didnt work hard.It would be (be) cool if I won this contest. I don，t think Im good enough, though.Give it a shot. You never know.The Antar

26、ctica is so mystically described by some people. If only I had been (bo) there before.Its a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.-I would/shouId have attended (attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam.一Did you make it at last?一Yes. But for your h

27、elp, it would/could have caused (cause) a serious loss.Most citizens strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence (should)be put (put) into prison.I wish I had shared (share) the car journey home with my friends. Now they are watching the footba11 match at home.语法填空(2021 ,安徽名校联

28、考)Have you ever wondered where Lego (乐高)came from? Like many great inventions, the story is not only one of a great idea, one of tons of hard work and perseverance (毅力).The story started in Denmark. Ole Christiansen was a carpenter 2 was struggling with his small business. His wife died 3 (short) af

29、ter his fourth son was born. Iio had to work hard to support his family alone. He started making wooden toys, but they didn t sell well. He thought his toys needed a name, and he chose 4 name “Lego” .Unfortunately, several years later, his workshop 5 (burn) to the ground. Soon, he started to make a

30、few plastic toys. He got the idea of creating a “system” of toys that would build up kids 6 (imagine) and creativity. He decided to stop 7_ (make) wooden toys and focus only on the connected plastic toys. Then he started to bui Id more and more kinds of 8 (mode 1). Each one had to be of the 9 (high)

31、 quality, which can be reflected in Lego, s motto - “Only the best is good enough. ”Thanks to his perseverance, kids can enjoy Lego toys, movies, amusement parks and clothing. But none of this would have existed at that time if he 10 (give) up when t i mes were hard.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。表达了丹麦的一个木匠Ole Chris

32、tiansen创造乐高玩 具的经过。but考查连词。短语not only . but (al so) . ”不仅而且”，故填butowho/that考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词carpenter,指人，且关 系词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。shortly 考查副词。shortly after表示不久之后，故应填副词shortly。the考查冠词。name为可数名词，此处表示特指，故用定冠词the。was burncd/burnt 考查动词的时态和语态。根据several years later可知,此 处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语workshop与burn之间构成被动关系，故 填 was burned/burntoimagination(s) 考查名词。空处和creativity并列,故填名词，imagination作 “想象力”讲时，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，故填imagination(s)。maki