全国2011年1月高等教育现代语言学自考试题

1、全国2011年1月自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebrackets.(2%10=20%)1.Thereisadifferencebetweenwhatweknow,whichisourlinguisticcompetence,andhowweusethisknowledgeinactualspeechprodu

2、ctionand_,whichisourlinguisticperformance.()A.creationB.communicationC.comprehensionD.perception2.Thesoundsthatbeginandendthewordschurchandjudgearevoicelessandvoiced_,respectively.()A.affricatesB.stopsC.velarsD.palatals3.Morphemeswhichrepresentsuchgrammaticalcategoriesasnumber,tense,gender,andcasear

3、ecalled_morphemes.()A.freeB.boundC.derivationalD.inflectional4.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Phrasesthatareformedofmorethanonewordusuallycontainhead,_andcomplement.()A.modifierB.determinerC.qualifierD.specifier5._isconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticformwhile_dealswiththerelationshipbetweenth

4、elinguisticelementandnon-linguisticworldofexperience.()A.Reference,senseB.Sense,referentC.Sense,referenceD.Referent,sense6.AccordingtoJohnAustinstheoryofspeechact,a(n)_actistheactofexpressingthespeakersintention.()A.prelocutionaryB.locutionaryC.illocutionaryD.perlocutionary7.Soundchangesmayincludeth

5、elossofasoundorsounds.Theso-calledapocopereferstotheomissionofavowelsegment_.()A.inword-initialB.inword-middleC.inword-finalD.insyllable-initial8.IncontrasttoStandardAmericanEnglish,BlackEnglishisthedistinctvarietyofEnglishnativetoblackpopulationsin第1页theUSA.WeregardBlackEnglishas_.()9.Amongthelangu

6、agecenters,_isresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances.()A.themotorareaB.BrocasareaC.WernickesareaD.theangulargyrus10.Thelanguageat_stagebeginstoreflectthedistinctionbetweensentence-types,suchasnegativesentences,imperatives,andquestions.()C.two-wordD.multiwordDirections:Fillintheblankineachoft

7、hefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%)11.Aisoneofthedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguage,whichmeansthereisingeneralnonaturalrelationbetweenmeaningsandsounds.12.Amongthethreebranch

8、esofphonetics,thestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofthestreamsofsoundsproducedinspeechisknownasaphonetics.13.Inusingthemorphologicalrules,wemustguardagainstointhatdifferentwordsmayrequiredifferentaffixestocreatethesamemeaningchange.14.UniversalGrammarisasetofprinciplesandpofgrammarwhich,accordingtoChomsk

9、y,isinheritedgeneticallybyallhumanbeings.15.Thesynonymssuchaseconomical,thrifty,andstingyaredifferentintheiremeaning.16.MostoftheviolationsofthefourmaximsundertheCooperativePrinciplegiverisetoconversationali.Whenthereisaneedtoreduceambiguityandincreasecommunicativeclarityorexpressiveness,thenruleeoc

10、curs.18.Apidginisamlanguagedevelopedasamediumoftrade,orthroughotherextendedbutlimitedcontact,betweengroupsofspeakerswhohavenootherlanguageincommon.19.Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalled1.20.Languageacquisitionisconcernedwithlanguagedevelopmentinh

11、umans.Generallyspeaking,itreferstochildrensdevelopmentoftheirflanguage.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinkso.(2%10=20%)21.()“Theresamotorcyclecomingisseenas,o

12、utofcontext,astatementthatamotorcycleiscoming.Butina第2页particularcontext,itmightbeawarningtoapedestriannottostepontoaroad.Whenthestudyofmeaningisconsideredinthecontextofuse,itbecomesabranchoflinguisticscalledpragmatics.22()Todistinguishbetweenphonemesandphones，linguistsuseslashesforphoneticsegmentsa

13、ndsquarebracketsforphonemicsegments23()Prefixesmodifythemeaningofthestemandalsochangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword24()Inadditiontosentencesandclauses，asyntacticcategoryusuallyreferstoa1exicalcategoryoraphrasalcategorythatperformsaparticulargrammaticalfunction25()Theword“flower”and“flour”，whichare

14、identicalinsound，butdifferentinspellingandmeaning，arehomophones26()Astheprocessofcommunicationisessentiallyaprocessofconveyingmeaninginacertaincontext，pragmaticscanberegardedasakindofmeaningstudy.27()Themeaningrepresentationofwordsmaychange，becomingbroader,narrower,orshiftedThewordknightoncemeant“yo

15、uth”，butwaselevatedinmeaningintheageofchivalry；WhenJuliettellsRomeo，“Imtoofond.”SheisnotclaimingshelikesRomeotoomuchShemeans“Iamtoofoolish”Thesearetwoexamplesofsemanticbroadening28()Insociolinguistics，speechcommunityreferstoagroupofspeakerswhoconstituteacommunityandsharethesamelanguageoraparticularv

16、arietyoflanguageSpeakersofEnglishingeneralmightbetreatedassuchacommunity.29()Generallyspeaking，thelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolsvoluntarymovementsof,andrespondstosignalsfrom，therightsideofthebody30()TheoptimumageforSLAalwaysaccordswiththemaximof“theyoungerthebetter”IV.Directions:Explaninthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%10=30%)31.ponentialanalysis36.declarations37.epenthesis38.speechvariety39.linguisticrelativism40.thenativist