英语名词性从句教学案doc2

1、名词性从句名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组。在句中作主语；宾语；表语和同位语。因此，主语从句；宾语从句；表语从句和同位语从句通称为名词性从句。第一节主语从句引导主语从句的连接词有：that,whether,who,which,what,when,where,how,why等。Thatshewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.Whetherhewillcometotheballhasnothingtodowithme.Whoeverwantstoseethefilmmaygetaticketfree.Whichteamwillwinthematchisstill

2、unknown.Whatinterestsyoudoesntinteresthim.Wheretheyhadstayedwasstillunknown.Whentheywillhaveameetinghasntbeendecided.注意：从句作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Whowillgoisnotimportant.2为了调治句子平衡，常用it作形式主语。Itisapitythathedidntcomeyesterday.ItsnecessarythateveryLeaguemember(should)taketheleadandworkwell.Itssuggestedthatamo

3、dernhotel(should)beputupatthefootofthehill.3陈述句部分的主语是从句时，其反意疑问句部分的主语用it.Howhebecameascientistisknowntousall,isntit?第二节宾语从句作动词、介词或形容词宾语的从句。Ithink(that)youwilllikethepictures.Ifeelitimportantthattheyfinishtheirowntaskintime.Theyareworryingaboutwhethertheycangetthereintime.Youcanwriteaboutwhatevertopic

4、youcanthinkof.Areyousurewhatyouwilldonext?Imafraidthathewillfailintheexam.一从句三原：序；引。1.序：从句用述句序。Iwonderwhatheiswritingtomeabout但是：whatsthematter/wrong(with)序不.Theownercameuptoseewhatwasthematterwithme/whatwaswrongwithme2.：从句的与主句的保持一致。(1).若是主句的是一般在或一般将来，从句用它自己的。Ihearhewillcomebackinanhour.(2).若是主句的是一般

5、去，从句用相的去。ShesaidthathehadneverbeentotheGreatWall.(3).若是从句的内容是客真理，从句依旧用一般在。Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun./lighttravelsfasterthansound.3.引：（1）由that引（2）由if/whether引（3）由特别疑引二it在从句中的用：1.vt.+it+adj./n.+that-clause或wh-clause。Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillhavenothingtodowithhim.2.i)在主构中，有一些上不以t

6、hat-clause或wh-clause从句直接作的，若是要接从句，常常需要在从句前加上形式it.ThenewspapershaveitthatsomeJapanesefirmshavegonebankrupt.有几家日本公司已破Idonketliitwhenheisunhappy.有：have（表示，持）,take（）,hide（）,love,like，dislike,hate,enjoyetcii)在主构中,若是是短，即+介，一般不能够that接从句。若是接从句，必加上形式it.IwillanswerforitthatLaoMawillaccomplishthetask.我担保老马能完成这

7、项任务Looktoitthatyoumakenomoresimilarmistakes.注意今后你不再犯近似的错误了Iamcountingonitthatyouwillcome.我希望着你的到来这类动词还有：dependon,seetoetc.某些固定搭配此后若是接that宾语从句,也必定使用作形式宾语it.Weoweittoyouthattherewasntaseriousaccident.此次事故没造成严重的结果全靠你Ididntsendyouanitation,invasItookitforgrantedthatyouwouldbecoming.因为我认为你自然会来,因此没有给你发请柬三

8、否定的转移当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等表示看法的动词时,宾语从句中谓语动词的否定式,习惯上前移到主句的谓语动词上.Idontthinkthathewillbebackuntilnine.2复杂疑问句/双重疑问句特别疑问词+doyouthink/believe/suppose/imagineetc+其他部分（陈述句语序）?Whodoyouguessthatgirlinredis?Whydoyouthinkwecantcutdownthebigtree?WehaventheardfromJaneforalongtime.-Whatdo

9、yousupposehashappenedtoher?Whodoyouimaginewillspeakatthemeetingtomorrow?3-Willtheybereadytomorrow?-Yes,Ithinkso.(Yes,Ithinkthattheywillbereadytomorrow)so用来取代某一些动词(think,believe,suppose,imagine,hopeetc)后边的that从句.-Willtheyattendthemeetingnextmonth?-No,Idontbelieveso(Ibelievenot)在取代否定看法，既能够用so，也能够用not.

10、但是：在hope和beafraid后在取代否定看法只能是not，不能够是so.-Doyouthinkwellhavebadweather?-Ihopenot.-Haveyougotaworkpermit?-Imafraidnot.第三表从句含有表从句的复合句，其主句的主常常用fact,idea,opinion,problem,question,reason,result也许由what引起的主从句。引表从句接代也许接副除常用that以外,who,which,what,whether,when,where,why,how,because,as,asif/asthough等。如：Thechancei

11、sthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.WhatwewanttoknowiswhetheryourproductscameuptothestandardShenzhenisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.ThatswhereIcantagreewithyou.Thisishowtheyovercamethedifficulties.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.注意：先果，后原因，用This/Thatisbecause先原因，结果，用That/Thisiswhy当主是reaso

12、n，引表从句的接只能用thatHeisabsent.Thisisbecauseheisill.Heisill.Thatiswhyheisabsent.Thereasonwhyheisabsentisthatheisill.第四同位从句先行与接代也许接副的常的能够跟同位从句的名有：fact,news,hope,belief,truth,message,word,idea,doubt,question,problem,reason,order,suggestion,等。引同位从句接代也许接副除常用that以外,who,which,what,whether,when,where,why,how等。如

13、：Ihavenoideawhetherhecanmanagetodothathimself.Ihavenoideawherehespentthenight.Heaskedmeaquestionwhichteamcouldwinthegame.ThequestionhowthestudentscouldimprovetheirspokenEnglishisveryimportant同位从句与定从句的区Hemadeadecisionthatsurprisedallofus.Hehasmadeadecisionthathewillsetupanewfactory.Hevisitedtheplacew

14、herehewasborn.Theproblemwheretheycouldfindsuchapersonwasnotmentioned.同位从句明名的详尽内容。that和whether只起接作用，不充当任何成分，不能够省略，也不能够用which或if取代；其他的接在同位于从句中作句子成分，但不是指代前面的名，而是有自己疑意思。定从句明名的性、特色。分开同位从句当主句的部分短，同位从句放在的后边，省得重脚，句子不平衡。ThestorygoesthatWilliamTelldidkilltherulerwiththatarrow.Wordcamethatourteamhadwonthegame.

15、Informationhasbeenputforwardthatmoremiddle-schoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities第五名性从句几点明what/that1.what在名性从句中平时作主、表或足。1)Whatishardistodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.Whatwasonceregardedaspossiblehasbowbecomeareality.Whatyousaymaywellbetrue.(“的西”；“的事情”；“的”；相当于2)Aftertenyears,shechange

16、dalotandlookeddifferentfromthething(s)which/that;allthat)whatsheusedtobe.(“的人”相当于thepersonthat)3)Thisiswhatthechildrencall就“是home孩子”称.之“家”的地方Whatisnowtheprimaryschoolwasonceanoldtemple.在是小学的地方曾是一座古(“的地方”相当于theplacethat)4)Afterwhatseemedaverylongtime,Iopenedmyeyesandfoundmyselfinbed!忧如了好一段后，我开双眼，却自己躺

17、在床上！Timesarentwhattheywere.代不相同了(“的”相当于thetimethat）5)Yourmothershealthisnotwhatitusedtobe.(what相当于thehealththat)6)Thepopulationisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearago.（what相当于thenumberthat）Theypaidfiftypercentofwhattheywereabletoearntothestate.（what相当于themoneythat）在名词性从句中作定语。Dontworry.IwillgiveyouwhathelpIca

18、n别担忧，我必然尽我所能帮你IlllendyouwhatfewreferencebooksIcanspare.我愿把我用不着的但为数不多的参照书全部借给你Wecontributedwhatlittlemoneywehadtowardstheearthquake-strickenarea.我们把为数不多的钱全部捐馈赠地震灾区用来表示比喻“AistoBwhatCistoD意思是”：“A对于B好像C对于D相同”Virtueistothesoulwhathealthistothebody.美德对于心灵好像健康对于人的身体Thepeopleistothepeoplesarmywhatwater人is民t

19、o军fish队.的离不开人民，就象鱼离不开水相同2thatthat在名词性从句中，没有实在含义，不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。解题思路：what和that的选择看从句中可否缺少成分；看从句的意思可否完满。Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeveryonepresent.Thathesaidnothingatthemeetingsurprisedeveryonepresent.Theproblemiswhatweshoulddotoprotecttheearthfrombeingpolluted.Thefactisthatweshoulddosomethingtopr

20、otecttheearthfrombeingpolluted.2)that在主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句中平时不能够省略，也不能够用which取代。that引导宾语从句时,that能够省略。Ihope(that)wecanadaptourselvestothenewsituation.但是：i).在介词此后不能省略。Sheknewnothingabouthisjourneybut/exceptthathewaslikelytobeawayforthreemonths.ii)两个或更多的由that引导的宾语从句并列时，仅可省略第一个连词that。Hesaid(that)therewasnta

21、nytroubleandthathewaswaitingforhischange.Hesaid(that)hehadeatennothingbutthathewasnthungry.iii)that引导的宾语从句中带有主从复合句时，that平时不能省略。Dontyouknowthatwhathehasdoneisright?if/whether1.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，平时用whether而不用if.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.Thequestioniswhetherhewillspeakatthemeeting.Iamindoubtwheth

22、erIshouldagreetotheplan.引从句i).当从句是必然句,用if/whether都能够。当从句可否定句,只能用if。Couldyoutellusif/whetheritsnowsinwinterinAustralia?Idontcareifitdoesnsnowt.ii).介此后的从句只能用whether不用if.Whetherwellstartdependsonwhetheritllbefinetomorrow.iii).当从句位于句首表示,不用if.Whetherheiscomingornot,Icanttell.iiii).注意以下构：Idontknowiftheywi

23、llcomeornot()Idontknowwhethertheywillcomeornot()Idontknowifornottheywillcome.()Idontknowwhetherornottheywillcome()之，在名性从句中，if和whether只有在必然的从句中，才能够替。whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever/nomatterwhat,nomatterwhich,nomatterwho,nomatterwhom1）whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever既能够引步状从句，又能够引名性从句。Dontchangeyourplans,whatever(=nomatterwhat)happens.WhateverIhaveisyours.Imreadytodowhateverthepeoplewantmeto.2）nomatterwhat,nomatterwhich,nomatterwho,nomatte