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1、孙子兵法孙武jipiQn计篇sun孙zi子yue曰:bing兵zhe者,guo国zhi之da大shi事,si死sheng生zhidicunwangzhidaobukebuchaye之地,存亡之道,不可不察也。gujingzhiyiwushixiaozhiyiiersuo故经之以五事,校之以计,而索qiqingyiyuedaoeryuetiansanyuedisi其情:一曰道,二曰天,三曰地,四yuejiangwuyuefadaozhelingminyushangtongyi曰将,五曰法。道者,令民于上同意,keyuzhisikeyuzhishengerbuweiyetian可与之死,可与之生,
2、而不危也;天zheyinyanghanshushizhiyedizheyuan者,阴阳、寒暑、时制也;地者,远jinxianyiguangxiasishengyejiangzhezhi近、险易、广狭、死生也;将者,智、xinrenyongyanyefazhequzhiguan信、仁、勇、严也;法者,曲制、官daozhuyongyefanciwuzhejiangmobuwen道、主用也。凡此五者,将莫不闻, zhi知zhi之zheshengbu不zhi知zhi之zhe者bushenggu故xiao校zhi之yi以者胜,不胜。jiersuoqi而ngyuezhushuyoudaojiangshu计
3、,而索其情,曰:主孰有道?将孰younengtiandishudefalingshuxingbingzhongshu有能?天地孰得?法令孰行?兵众孰qiangshizushulianshangfashumtngwuyicizhi强?士卒孰练?赏罚孰明?吾以此知shengfuyijiangtingwujiyongzhibishengliuzhi胜负矣。将听吾计,用之必胜,留之;jiangbutingwuiyongzhibibaiquzhi将不听吾计,用之必败,去之。iliyitingnaiweizhishiyizuoqiwai计利以听,乃为之势,以佐其外shizheyinlierzhiquany
4、ebingzheguidaoye。势者,因利而制权也。兵者,诡道也gunengershizhibunengyongershizhibuyong。故能而示之不能,用而示之不用,jinershizhiyuanyuanershizhijinlieryouzhi近而示之远,远而示之近。利而诱之luanerquzhisherbeizhiqiangerbizhi,乱而取之,实而备之,强而避之,nuernaozhibeierjiaozhiyierlaozhiqin怒而挠之,卑而骄之,佚而劳之,亲erlizhigongqiwubeichu而buyicibing而离之,攻其无备,出其不意。此兵jiazhishe
5、ngbukexianchuanye家之胜,不可先传也。fu夫wei未zhan战er而miaosuanshengzhe者,de得suan算duo多ye也庙算胜weizhanermiaosuanbushengzhedesuanshaoyeduo未战而庙算不胜者,得算少也。多shengshaosuanerkuangyuwusuanhuwuyiciguanzhi胜少算,而况于无算乎!吾以此观之shengfujianyi胜负见矣。zuozhanpiQn作战篇sunziyuefanyongbingzhifachicheqian孙子曰:凡用兵之法,驰车千gecheqiancheng_l、/1/daijias
6、hawanqianlikuiliang,革车千乘,带甲十万,千里馈粮。neiwaizhifeibinkezhiyongjiaoqizhicai内外之费,宾客之用,胶漆之材,,17jiazhifengrifeiqianjinranhoushdwanzhishi甲之奉,日费千金,然后十万之师yi矣。qiyongzhanyeshengjiuzedunbingcuorui其用战也,胜久则钝兵挫锐,chengzeliqujiubaoshizegubyongbuzufu城则力屈,久暴师则国用不足。夫bingcuoruiqulidanhuozezhuhbuchengqibi兵挫锐,屈力殚货,则诸侯乘其弊;s
7、uan算si驷ze则che车ju举gong攻dun钝er而qisuiyouzhizhebunengshanqihouyigubingwen起,虽有智者不能善其后矣。故兵闻zhuDsuweiduqiaozhijiuyefubingjiuerguoli拙速,未睹巧之久也。夫兵久而国利zheweizhiyouye者,未之有也。gubujinzhiyongbingzhihaizhezebunengjin故不尽知用兵之害者,则不能尽zhiyongbingzhiliyeshanyongbingzheyibuzaijj知用兵之利也。善用兵者,役不再籍liangbusanzaiquyongyuguoyinli
8、angyudgu,粮不三载,取用于国,因粮于敌,故junshdkezuyeguozhipnyushizheyuanshuyuan军食可足也。国之贫于师者远输,远shuzebaixingpnjinshizheguimaiguimaizebai输则百姓贫;近师者贵卖,贵卖则百xingcaijiecaijiezejjyuqiuyiliquzhDngyuan姓财竭,财竭则急于丘役。力屈中原neixuyujiabaixingzhifeishdquqiqi、内虚于家,百姓之费,十去其七;gDngjiazhifeipojunbamajiazhoushigDngi公家之费,破军罢马,甲胄矢弓,戟dunmaol
9、uqiuniudacheshdquqiliuguzhi盾矛橹,丘牛大车,十去其六。故智jiangwushdyudshdyizhDngdangwuershdzhDng将务食于敌,食敌一钟,当吾二十钟jiganyishdangwuershdshigushadzhe;忌杆一石,当吾二十石。故杀敌者,che车脸ye怒也;qudzhilizhe取敌之利者,shchengyishang十乘以上,shangqxiande赏其先得chezaerchengzhi车杂而乘之,di敌eryiqiang而益强gubingguisheng故兵贵胜,mtnzhisiming民之司命sunziyuepoguo破国cizhi
10、次之lUweishang旅为上,zu卒cizhi次之;huoye货也chezhan车战zheergengqjing者而更其旌zushaneryang卒善而养zhishiwei之,是谓de得而旗sheng胜buguijiu不贵久guzhibingzhi故知兵之guojiaanweizhizhuye国家安危之主也mougongpiQn谋攻篇fuyongbingzhifaquanguoweiquan;全junwei军为法,全国为shang上,pojun破军cizhi次之polUcizhi破旅次之;quanwuweishang全伍为上,quanzuweishang全卒为上,powucizhi破伍次之s
11、higubaizhanbaishengfeishanzhishanye是故百战百胜,非善之善也;erqurenzhibingshanzhishanzheyegushang而屈人之兵,善之善者也。故上zhan战bu不bing兵jiang将shang上;po破famouqicifajiaoqicifabingqixiagong伐谋,其次伐交,其次伐兵,其下攻chenggongchengzhifaweibudeyixiulufenwen城。攻城之法,为不得已。修橹,juqixiesanyueerhouchengjuyinyousanyue具器械,三月而后成;距堙,又三月erhouyijiangbus
12、hengqifeneryifuzhishashi而后已。将不胜其忿而蚁附之,杀士zusanfenzhiyierchengbubazhecigongzhizai卒三分之一,而城不拔者,此攻之灾ygushanyongbingzhequrenzhibingerfeizhanye也。故善用兵者,屈人之兵而非战也,barenzhichengerfeigongyehuirenzhiguoerfeijiu拔人之城而非攻也,毁人之国而非久yebiyiquanzhengyutianxiagubingbudunerli也,必以全争于天下,故兵不顿而利kequancimougongzhifaye可全,此谋攻之法也。
13、guyongbingzhifashzeweizhiwuzegong故用兵之法,十则围之,五则攻zhibeizefenzhidzenengzhanzhishaozeneng之,倍则分之,敌则能战之,少则能taozhiburuozenengbizhiguxiaodizhijian逃之,不若则能避之。故小敌之坚,dadzhiqnye大敌之擒也。fujiangzheguozhiyefuzhouzeguobi夫将者,国之辅也。辅周则国必qiang强,fj辅xi隙ze则guo国bi必rub弱。gu故jun君zhi之suo所yi以huan患yi1于junzhesanbuzhijunzhibukeyijine
14、rweizhijin军者三:不知军之不可以进而谓之进,buzhijunzhibukeyituierweizhituishiweimt不知军之不可以退而谓之退,是谓縻junbuzhisanjunzhishiertongsanjunzhizhengze军;不知三军之事而同三军之政,则junshihubyibuzhisanjunzhiquanertongsanjunzhi军士惑矣;不知三军之权而同三军之renzejunshiyisanjunihubqieyze任,则军士疑矣。三军既惑且疑,则zhuhouzhinanzhiyishiweiluanjunyinsheng诸侯之难至矣。是谓乱军引胜。guz
15、hishengyouwjzhikeyizhanyjbukeyi故知胜有五:知可以战与不可以zhanzheshengshzhbngguazhiybngzheshengshangxiatongyu战者胜,识众寡之用者胜,上下同欲zheshengyiy1daibuyi1zheshengjiangnengerjunbu者胜,以虞待不虞者胜,将能而君不yuzheshengciwjzhezhishengzhidaoyeguyue御者胜。此五者,知胜之道也。故曰:zhijizhibibaizhanbuybuzhibierzhii知己知彼,百战不贻;不知彼而知己,yishengyifubuzhibibuzhi
16、imeizhanbibai一胜一负;不知彼不知己,每战必败。xingpiQn形篇sun孙zi子yue曰:xi昔zhi之shan善zhanzhe,xian先wei为bu不ke可战者shengyidaidzhikeshengbukeshengzaiike胜,以待敌之可胜。不可胜在己,可shengzaidigushanzhanzhenengweibukeshengbu胜在敌。故善战者,能为不可胜,不nengshidzhibikeshengguyueshengkezhier能使敌之必可胜。故曰:胜可知,而bukeweibukeshengzheshouyekeshengzhe不可为。不可胜者,守也;可胜
17、者,gongyeshouzebuzugongzeyouyushanshouzhe攻也。守则不足,攻则有余。善守者c6ngy1,17jiUdizhixiashangongzhedongyujiUtianzhishang藏于九地之下,善攻者动于九天之上,gunengzibaoerqu6nshengye故能自保而全胜也。jianshengbuguozhongrenzhisuozhifeishanzhishan见胜不过众人之所知,非善之善zheyezhanshengertianxiayueshanfeishanzhishanzhe者也;战胜而天下曰善,非善之善者yegujUqiuh6obuweiduo
18、lijianriyuebuwei也。故举秋毫不为多力,见日月不为mungmuwenleitingbuweicongergUzhisuoweishan明目,闻雷霆不为聪耳。古之所谓善zhan战zhesheng胜yi1于yi易shengzheye也。gu故shanzhanzhe者zhi之sheng胜者,胜者善战yewi1zhimtngwuyonggongguqizhanshengbute也,无智名,无勇功,故其战胜不忒。butezheqisuocuoshengshengyibaizheyegu不忒者,其所措胜,胜已败者也。故shanzhanzheliyububaizhidierbushidizhi
19、善战者,立于不败之地,而不失敌之baiyeshigushengbingxianshengerhouqiuzhanbaibing败也。是故胜兵先胜而后求战,败兵xianzhanerhouqiusheng!shanyongbingzhexiudaoerbaofa先战而后求胜。善用兵者,修道而保法gunengweishengbaizhizheng,故能为胜败之政。bingfayiyuedueryueliangsanyueshu兵法:一曰度,二曰量,三曰数siyuecheng峭yueshengdishengdudushengliang,四曰称,五曰胜。地生度,度生量liangshengshushush
20、engchengchengshengshenggushengbing,量生数,数生称,称生胜。故胜兵ruoyiyichengzhubaibingruoyizhuchengyi若以镒称铢,败兵若以铢称镒。shengzhezhizhannunyeruojuejishuiyuqianren胜者之战民也,若决积水于千仞zhixizhexlngye之谿者,形也shipian势篇sun孙子yue曰:fan凡zhizhongru如zhi治gua寡,fen分shu数shi是治众yedouzhongrudouguaxingmtngshiyesanjunzhi也;斗众如斗寡,形名是也;三军之zhongkeshib
21、ishoudierwubaizheqizhengshiye众,可使必受敌而无败者,奇正是也;bingzhisuojiaruyiduantouluanzhexushishiye兵之所加,如以投卵者,虚实是也。fanzhanzheyizhengheyi而shenggushan凡战者,以正合,以奇胜。故善chuqizhewuqiongrutiandibujierujianghai出奇者,无穷如天地,不竭如江海。zhongerfushiriyueshiyesiergengshengsi终而复始,日月是也。死而更生,四shdshiyeshengbuguo峭峭shengzhibianbuke时是也。声不过
22、五,五声之变,不可shengtingyesebuguo峭峭sezhibianbuke胜听也;色不过五,五色之变,不可shengguanyeweibuguo峭峭weizhibianbuke胜观也;味不过五,五味之变,不可shengchangyezhanshibuguoqizhengqizhengzhibian胜尝也;战势不过奇正,奇正之变,bukeshengqiongye而zhengxiangshengruxunhuanzhiwu不可胜穷也。奇正相生,如循环之无duanshunengqiongzhizai端,孰能穷之哉!ji激shui水zhi之jj疾,zhi至yupiaoshzhe者,shi势y
23、e也;于漂石zhiniaozhijjzhiyuhuizhezhejieyeshDgu鸷鸟之疾,至于毁折者,节也。是故shanzhanzheqishixian/11/qijieduanshirukuonu善战者,其势险,其节短。势如弩,,/jierufaji节如发机。fenfenyunyundouluanerbukeluanhunhun纷纷纭纭,斗乱而不可乱;浑浑dundunxingyuanerbukebailuanshengyuzhiqie沌沌,形圆而不可败。乱生于治,怯shengyuyongruoshengyuqiangzhiluanshuyeyong生于勇,弱生于强。治乱,数也;勇qies
24、hiyeqiangruoxingye怯,势也;强弱,形也。gushandongdzhexingzhidibicongzhi故善动敌者,形之,敌必从之;yflzhidbiquzhiyilidongzhiyizudai予之,敌必取之;以利动之,以卒待zhigushanzhanzheqiuzhiyushibuzeyuren之。故善战者,求之于势,不责于人,gunengzerenerrenshirenshizheqizhanrenye故能择人而任势。任势者,其战人也,ruzhuanmushdmushzhixinganzejingweize如转木石。木石之性,安则静,危则dongfangzezhiyua
25、nzexing动,方则止,圆则行。gushcnzhanrenzhigushcnzhanrenzhishiruzhufinyuanshyuqianren故善战人之势,如转圆石于千仞zhishanzhe之山者,shiye势也xushpian虚实篇sun孙zi子yue曰:fanxianchu处zhcn战di地er而dci待d敌zhe者yi佚凡先houchuzhcndierquzhcnzhelaogushcnzhcnzhe,后处战地而趋战者劳。故善战者,zhirenerbuzhiyuren致人而不致于人。nengshidrenzizhizhelizhiyenengshi能使敌人自至者,利之也;能使di
26、renbudezhizhehcizhiyegudiyinenglao敌人不得至者,害之也。故敌佚能劳zhibfionengjizhiannengdongzhichuqisuobi之,饱能饥之,安能动之。出其所必ququ而suobuyi趋,趋其所不意。xingqianlierbulaozhexingyuwurenzhidi行千里而不劳者,行于无人之地yegongerbiquzhegongqisuobushouyeshou也;攻而必取者,攻其所不守也。守erbiguzheshouqisuobigongyegushcngongzhe而必固者,守其所必攻也。故善攻者,di敌bu不zhi知qi其suo所
27、shou守;shanshouzhe者,d敌bu不zhi知qi其suo所善守gongweihaweihazhiyuwi!xingshenhashenha攻。微乎微乎,至于无形;神乎神乎,zhiy1wi1shenggunengweidzhisimingjinerbu至于无声,故能为敌之司命。进而不keyuzhechongqixayetuierbukezhuizhe可御者,冲其虚也;退而不可追者,suerbukejjyeguwoyuzhandisuigaolei速而不可及也。故我欲战,敌虽高垒shengoubudebuyuwozhanzhegong而suobijiu深沟,不得不与我战者,攻其所必救y
28、ewobuyuzhansuihuadiershouzhidbu也;我不欲战,虽画地而守之,敌不deyflwozhanzheguaiqisuozhiyeguxingrener得与我战者,乖其所之也。故形人而w5wi1xingzewozhuanerdfenwozhuanweiyi我无形,则我专而敌分。我专为一,dfenweishishiyishgongqiyiyezewozhcng敌分为十,是以十攻其一也。则我众dguanengyizhcngjiguazhezewuzhisuoyuzhan敌寡,能以众击寡者,则吾之所与战zheyueyiwi1suoyuzhanzhidibukezhibuke者约矣
29、。吾所与战之地不可知,不可zhizedsuobeizheduodsuobeizheduozewu知则敌所备者多,敌所备者多,则吾suoyflzhanzheguayigubeiqianzehcuguabeihcu所与战者寡矣。故备前则后寡,备后ze则qian前gua寡,bei备zuo左ze则you右gua寡,bei备you右ze则zuo左gua寡,wi1suobubeizewusuobuguaguazhebeiren无所不备,则无所不寡。寡者,备人zheyezhongzheshirenbeiizheyeguzhizhan者也;众者,使人备己者也。故知战zhidizhizhanzhirizekeq
30、ianlierhuizhan之地,知战之日,则可千里而会战;buzhizhanzhidibuzhizhanrizezuobunengjiu不知战之地,不知战日,则左不能救youyoubunengjiuzuoqianbunengjiuhouhoubu右,右不能救左,前不能救后,后不nengjiuqianerkuangyuanzheshushilijinzheshuli能救前,而况远者数十里,近者数里hu乎?yiwi1duzhiyuerenzhibingsuiduoyixi以吾度之,越人之兵虽多,亦奚yiyi1shengzai益于胜哉!guyueshengkeweiyedisuizhongkesh
31、i故曰:胜可为也。敌虽众,可使wi1dougucezhierzhideshizhiihouzhier无斗。故策之而知得失之计,候之而zhidongjingzhili好ngzhierzhisishengzhidijiao知动静之理,形之而知死生之地,角zhierzhiyouyubuzuzhichuguxingbingzhijj之而知有余不足之处。故形兵之极,zhi至y1于wi1无好ng形。wi1无xng形ze则shen深jian间bu不neng能kui窥,zhi智zhe者bunengmcuyin好ngercuoshengyuzhongzhongbunengzhi不能谋。因形而措胜于众,众不能知。
32、renjiezhiw5suoyishengzhixingermozhiwusuoyi人皆知我所以胜之形,而莫知吾所以zhishengzhi好ngguqizhanshengbufueryingxingyu制胜之形。故其战胜不复,而应形于wi1qiong无穷。fjbing好ngxiangshuishuizhixingbigaoerqjxia夫兵形象水,水之行避高而趋下bingzhi好ngbishierjixjshuiyindierzhiliu,兵之形避实而击虚;水因地而制流bingyindierzhishenggubingwuchcngshishuiwu,兵因敌而制胜。故兵无常势,水无chcng好
33、ngnengyindibianhuaerqushengzheweizhishen常形。能因敌变化而取胜者,谓之神gu峭好ngwi1chcngshengsishiwuchcngweiriyou。故五行无常胜,四时无常位,日有duanchcngyueyousisheng短长,月有死生。jjnzhengpian军争篇sjnziyuefcnyongbingzhifajiangshoumingyu孙子曰:凡用兵之法,将受命于jun君,he合jun军juzhengjiao交he和er而she舍,me莫nan难yu于jun军聚众,zhengjunzhengzhinanzheyiyuweizhdyihuanw
34、ei争。军争之难者,以迂为直,以患为li利。guyuqitueryeuzhiyiliheurenfa故迂其途,而诱之以利,后人发xianrenzhicizhiyuzhdzhijizheyejunzheng,先人至,此知迂直之计者也。军争weilijunzhengweiweijujunerzhenglizebujj为利,军争为危。举军而争利则不及V,weijunerzhenglizezizhengjuanshigujuanjiaerqu,委军而争利则辎重捐。是故卷甲而趋riyebuchubeidaojianxingbailierzhengli,日夜不处,倍道兼行,百里而争利zeqnsanjian
35、gjunjinzhexianpizheheuqi,则擒三将军,劲者先,疲者后,其fashyierzhi峭shlierzhenglizejueshang法十一而至;五十里而争利,则蹶上jiangjunqifabanzhisanshdlierzhenglize将军,其法半至;三十里而争利,则sanfenzhierzhishigujunwuzizhengzewangwu三分之二至。是故军无辎重则亡,无liangshizewangwuweijizewang粮食则亡,无委积则亡。gubuzhizhuhouzhimouzhebunengyujiao故不知诸侯之谋者,不能豫交;buzhishdnlinxia
36、nzujuzezhixingzhebuneng不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者,不能ngjjnbuyongxidngdaozhebunengdediligu行军;不用乡导者,不能得地利。故bingyizhaliyilidongyifenheweibianzheye兵以诈立,以利动,以分和为变者也。guqijjrufengqixurulinqinlueruhuo故其疾如风,其徐如林,侵掠如火,budongrushdnnanzhiruyindongruleizhenlue不动如山,难知如阴,动如雷震。掠xidngfenzhongkuodifenlixuanquanerdongxidnzhi乡分众,廓地分
37、利,悬权而动。先知如zhdzhiizheshengcijjnzhengzhifZVaye迂直之计者胜,此军争之法也。jjnzhengyueyanbuxidngwenguwei军政曰:“言不相闻,故为zhijingushibuxidngjianguweizhijingqi之金鼓;视不相见,故为之旌旗。”fjjingujingqizhesuoyiyimtnzhiermuye夫金鼓旌旗者,所以一民之耳目也。mtnjizhudnyizeyongzhebudedujinqiezhebu民既专一,则勇者不得独进,怯者不dedutuiciyongzhongzhifayeguyezhanduojin得独退,此
38、用众之法也。故夜战多金guzhouzhanduojingqisuoyibianrenzhiermuye鼓,昼战多旌旗,所以变人之耳目也。sdnjjnkeduoqijidngjjnkeduoxinshigu三军可夺气,将军可夺心。是故zhao朝qi气rui锐,zhou昼qi气duo惰mu,暮qi气gui归。shan善yong用bing兵zhe者,biqiruiqiji而duoguicizhiqizheye避其锐气,击其惰归,此治气者也。yizhidailuanyijingdaihuacizhixinzheye以治待乱,以静待哗,此治心者也。yijindaiyuanyiyidailaoyibaod
39、aijici以近待远,以佚待劳,以饱待饥,此zhilizheyewi1yaozhengzhengzhi而wujitangtang治力者也。无邀正正之旗,无击堂堂zhichencizhibianzheye之陈,此治变者也。guyongbingzhifagaolingwuxiangbeiqiuwu故用兵之法,高陵勿向,背丘勿niyangbeiwucdngruizuwugongerbingwushd逆,佯北勿从,锐卒勿攻,饵兵勿食,guishiwueweishiyiqueqiongkouwupoci归师勿遏,围师遗阙,穷寇勿迫,此yongbingzhifaye用兵之法也。jiubianpian九变篇
40、sunziyuefanyongbingzhifajiangshoumingyu孙子曰:凡用兵之法,将受命于junhejunjuhefandiwushequdihejiao君,合军聚合。泛地无舍,衢地合交,juediwi1liuweidizemousidizezhantu绝地无留,围地则谋,死地则战,途yousuobuyoujunyousuobujichengyousuobugong有所不由,军有所不击,城有所不攻,diyousuobuzhengjunmingyousuobushou地有所不争,君命有所不受。gujiangtongyujiUbianzhilizhezhiyongbingyi故将通
41、于九变之利者,知用兵矣jiangbutong,17jiUbianzhilisuizhidi好ngbuneng;将不通九变之利,虽知地形,不能dedizhiliyizhibingbuzhijiUbianzhishusui得地之利矣;治兵不知九变之术,虽zhi峭libunengderenzhiyongyi知五利,不能得人之用矣。shiguzhizhezhi尼bizayulihaiza是故智者之虑,必杂于利害,杂yi1lierwukexinyezayuhaierhuankejieye于利而务可信也,杂于害而患可解也。shiguquzhuhouzheyihaiyizhuhouzheyiye是故屈诸侯者
42、以害,役诸侯者以业,quzhuhouzheyiliguyongbingzhifawushiqi趋诸侯者以利。故用兵之法,无恃其bulaishiwuyouyidaizhiwushiqibugong不来,恃吾有以待之;无恃其不攻,shiwuyousuobukegongye恃吾有所不可攻也。gujiangyouwUweibisikeshabishengke故将有五危,必死可杀,必生可fan凡ci此wu五zhe者,jiang将zhi之guo过ye也,yong用bing兵zhi之zai灾ye也。fu覆jun军sha杀jiang将,bi必yi以wuwei五危,bukebu不可不chaye察也。xingju
43、n行军pian篇sun孙zi子yue曰:fan凡chu处jun军xiang相di敌,jue绝shan山yi依gu谷,shi视sheng生chu处gao高zhan,战longwU隆无deng登,ci此chu处shan山zhi之jun军ye也。jue绝shui水bi必yuan远shui水,ke客jue绝shui水er而lai来,wu勿ying迎zhi之y1于shui水nei内,ling令ban半du渡erji而击zhi之,li利;yu欲zhan战zhe者,wi1无fu附yu于shui水er而ying迎ke客shi,视shengchugao生处高,wu无ying迎shui水liu流,ci此chu处s
44、hui水shang上zhi之jun军ye也。jue绝chi斥ze泽,wei唯jj亟qu去wi1无liu留,ruo若jiao交jun军yu于chi斥ze泽zhi之zhong中,bi必yi依shui水cao草,er而bei背zhong众shu树,ci此chu处chi斥ze泽zhi之jun军ye也。ping平lu陆chu处yi易,you右bei背gao高,qian前si死hou后sheng生,ci此chu处ping平lu陆lu虏,flu虏,fensukewu忿速可侮,lianjiekeru廉洁可辱,/IV广/aiminkefan爱民可烦zhijunyefansijunzhilihuangdizhis
45、uoyisheng之军也。凡四军之利,黄帝之所以胜sidiyefanjunhaogaoerexiaguiyangerjianyin四帝也。凡军好高而恶下,贵阳而贱阴yangshengchushjunwi1baijjshiweibisheng,养生处实,军无百疾,是谓必胜。qiulingdifangbichuqiyangerycubeizhici丘陵堤防,必处其阳,而右背之,此binszhilidizhizhuyeshangyushuiliuzhi兵之利,地之助也。上雨,水流至,yushezhedaiqidingyefandiyoujuejiantianjing欲涉者,待其定也。凡地有绝涧、天井
46、tianlaotianluotianxiantianxibijjquzhi、天牢、天罗、天陷、天隙,必亟去之wujinyewi1yuanzhidjinzhiwuyingzhi,勿近也。吾远之,敌近之;吾迎之dibeizhijunpangyouxianzuhuangjingjianjia,敌背之。军旁有险阻、潢井、蒹葭xiaolnyihuizhebiVjinfusuozhicifu、小林、荟者,必谨覆索之,此伏jianzhisuochuye奸之所处也。djinerjingzheshi而xianyeyuanertiao敌近而静者,恃其险也;远而挑zhanzheyurenzhijinyeqisuoj
47、uyizheli战者,欲人之进也;其所居易者,利yezhcngshudcngzhelaiyezhcngcaoduozhangzhe也;众树动者,来也;众草多障者,5yeniaoqizhefuyeshcuhaizhefuye疑也;鸟起者,伏也;兽骇者,覆也;chengaoerruizhechelaiyebeierguangzhelai尘高而锐者,车来也;卑而广者,来yesanertiaodazheqiaocaiyeshaoerwanglai也;散而条达者,樵采也;少而往来zheyingjunyecibeierbeizhejinyeci者,营军也;辞卑而备者,进也;辞qiangerjinquzhe
48、tuiyeqingchexianchujuqice强而进驱者,退也;轻车先出居其侧zhechenyewi1yueerqinghezhemouyeben者,陈也;无约而请和者,谋也;奔zouerchenbingzheqiyebanjinbantuizheycu走而陈兵者,期也;半进半退者,诱yezhangerlizhejiyejjerxianyinzhe也;杖而立者,饥也;汲而先饮者,keyejianlierbujinzhelaoyeniaojjzhe渴也;见利而不进者,劳也;鸟集者,xuyeyehuzhekongyejunraozhejiangbu虚也;夜呼者,恐也;军扰者,将不zhcngye
49、jingqidcngzheluanyelinuzhejuan重也;旌旗动者,乱也;吏怒者,倦yeshamarcushizhejunwuliangyef口ubufan也;杀马肉食者,军无粮也;不返qishezheqiongkcuyezhunzhunxixixuyflren其舍者,穷寇也;谆谆翕翕,徐与人yanzheshizhcngyeshushangzhejiongyeshufa言者,失众也;数赏者,窘也;数罚zhe者,kun困ye也;xian先bao暴er而hou后wei畏而其zhong众zhe者,bu不jing精zhizhiyelaiweixiezheyuxiuxiyebingnu之至也;来
50、委谢者,欲休息也。兵怒erxiangyingjiuerbuheyoubuxiangqubiVjin而相迎,久而不合,又不相去,必谨chazhi察之。bingfeiguiyiduoyeweiwuwujinzuyi兵非贵益多也,惟无武进,足以bingliliaodiqureneryifuweiwu应eryid并力料敌取人而已。夫惟无虑而易敌zhebiqnyurenzuweiqinerfazhizebu者,必擒于人。卒未亲而罚之,则不fubufuzenanyongzuyiqinfuerfabuxing服,不服则难用。卒已亲附而罚不行,zebukeyongguhezhiyiwenqzhiyiwu则不可
51、用。故合之以文,齐之以武,shiweibiqulingsudngyijiaoqiminzeminfu是谓必取。令素行以教其民,则民服;lingsubuxingyijiao而minzeminbufulingsu令素不行以教其民,则民不服。令素xingzheyuzhongxiangdeye行者,与众相得也。dixingpiansun孙zi子yue曰:di地xing形youtongzhe者、you有gua挂zhe者、有通youzhizheyouaizheyouxionzheyouyuonzhe有支者、有隘者、有险者、有远者。wokeyiwongbikeyilaiyuetongtongxingzhe我
52、可以往,彼可以来,曰通。通形者,xidnjugdoyangliliangdaoyizhanzelikeyi先居高阳,利粮道,以战则利。可以wongnanyifonyueguaguaxingzhe往,难以返,曰“挂”。“挂”形者,diwubeichuershengzhidruoyoubeichuer敌无备,出而胜之,敌若有备,出而bushengnanyifonbuliwochuerbuli不胜,难以返,不利。我出而不利,bichuerbuliyuezhizhixingzhe彼出而不利,曰“支”。“支”形者,dsuiliwowowuchuyeyinerquzhiling敌虽利我,我无出也,引而去之
53、,令dbanchuerjizhiliaixingzhewoxidnjuzhi敌半出而击之利。隘形者,我先居之,biyingzhiyidaidruodxidnjuzhiyingerwu必盈之以待敌。若敌先居之,盈而勿congbuyingercongzhixionxingzhewoxidnjuzhi从,不盈而从之。险形者,我先居之,bijugdoyangyidaidiruodxidnjuzhiyiner必居高阳以待敌;若敌先居之,引而加zhiwucongyeyuonxngzheshijunnanyitioo去之,勿从也。远形者,势均难以挑zhan战,zhan战er而bu不li利。fan凡ci此liu六zhe者,di地zhi之dao道ye也,jiang将zhi之zhi至ren任,bu不ke可bucha不察ye也。g口故bing兵you有zou走zhe者,you有ch驰zhe者,you有xian陷zhe者,you有beng崩zhe者,you有luan乱zhe者youbei,有北zhe者。fan凡ci此liu六zhe者,fei非tian天zhi之zai灾,jiang将zhi之guo过ye也。fa夫shi势jan均,yi以yi一ji击sh十
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