非谓语动词用法精讲done市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1、非 谓 语 动 词DOING DONE TO DO第1页非谓语动词动名词gerund不定式infinitive分词participle第2页非谓语动词1性质：它含有动词特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语作用，即：除谓语以外一切成份。第3页2形式 不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语形成份第4页 主语 定语 宾语 表语 状语宾语补 足语不定式 过去分词 v-ing 形式 第5页3语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非

2、谓语动词关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态语态。 第6页 过 去 分 词DONE第7页动词ed形式也是非谓语动词一个，它含有动词一些特点，同时也含有形容词、副词句法功效，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足等。1 动词ed形式表示已完成动作。除了作形容词用动词-ed形式外，动词-ed形式可带有完成意义，有同时也带有被动意义。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. One of the glasses was found broken. The books, written by Lu Xun, ar

3、e popular with many Chinese people.第8页2 及物动词ed形式普通表示被动意思。Given more time, I could have solved that riddle.When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study.3 不及物动词ed形式只表示完成意义，并不带有被动含义。an escaped prisoner 逃犯 = a prisoner who

4、has escapeda retired worker 退休工人= a worker who has retireda newly arrived guest 新来客人= a guest who has just arrivedPeople should pay attention to the changed situation.第9页 A 动词ed形式作表语 1 动词ed形式在连系动词后作表语，说明主语状态。The students are fully prepared. When we got there, the shop was closed.比较要把动词-ed形式作表语和被动语态区

5、分开来。作表语-ed形式表示状态，被动语态表示被动动作。 Peter the Great is buried here. Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 2 同一动词ed形式与ing形式作表语时区分。动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语心理感觉或所处状态，含有被动意思， 动词-ing形式作表语多表示主语含有特征，含有主动意思。第10页They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present

6、were moved.比较：amusing 使人高兴 amused 开心encouraging 鼓舞人心 encouraged 受勉励disappointing 令人失望 disappointed 失望exciting 使人激动 excited 激动puzzling 迷惑人 puzzled 迷惑satisfying 令人满意 satisfied 感到满意Worrying 令人烦恼 worried 烦恼tiring 引发疲劳 tired 疲劳pleasing 令人愉快 pleased 高兴astonishing 令人诧异 astonished 诧异第11页1）分词与动名词作表语时区分：1.Our

7、 plan is _finishing_( finish ) the task before May.2. Toms job was _guarding_( guard ) the factory.3. His lecture is interesting (interest ), which made us interested ( interest ).4. The situation is encouraging( encourage).第12页 B 动词ed形式作宾语补足语看成宾语补足语动词和前面宾语之间是被动关系时，普通应用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。1 在感觉动词see, hear

8、, feel, notice, watch, find等后作宾语补足语。 I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. We found all the rivers seriously polluted.比较动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。I couldnt get the car to start this morning. He got his sister to help him with his clothes. It is not hard to get him talking; the p

9、roblem is stopping him!第13页2 在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。 动词-ed形式作get宾语补足语。Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come. 动词-ed形式作make宾语补足语。He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. You should make your views known to th

10、e public. 动词-ed形式作keep或leave宾语补足语。They all went home, leaving all the work undone.The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night.第14页比较动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。I couldnt get the car to start this morning. It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is s

11、topping him! Can you really get that old clock going again?点津坊动词make后宾语补足语可用不带to动词不定式或动词-ed形式，但不可用动词-ing形式。【误】Can you make the students understanding the text?【正】Can you make the students understand the text? 【正】Can you make the text understood by the students? 第15页 使役动词have后既可接动词-ed形式，也可接动词不定式和动词-i

12、ng形式作宾语补足语。三者之间有一定区分。have不定式动作由have宾语发出， 表示让某人做某事Im going to have the teacher answer this question after class.1. 让某人做某事或让某种情况发生。He had the car waiting outside.2. 惯用于否定结构，表示“不容忍”、“不能让”。We wont have the child talking to his mother like that.第16页 使役动词have后既可接动词-ed形式，也可接动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。三者之间有一定区分。H

13、ave1. 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上被动关系，表示某事由他人做。*Where did you have your hair cut?2. 表示主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣环境。*The house had its roof blown off.3. 完成某事(自己也可能参加)。*He has had one thousand yuan saved. 4. 否定式表示“不允许”。*I wont have anything said against her.第17页3 动词ed形式也可用在with (without) 结构中，作介词宾语补足语。With everything well arrange

14、d, he left the office.She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. Without any more time given, we couldnt finish the task in three weeks.4 一些动词后(如want, need, prefer, would like等)，作宾语补足语不定式被动形式省略“to be”，就成了动词ed形式作宾语补足语。I would like this matter (to be) settled immediatel

15、y. The peasants dont want good farmland (to be) built on.第18页3）现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语区分： +sb do (经常性动作) +sb doing sth. （正在进行） +sth done （被动） 1.I used to see these boys _( play ) on the playground.2.I saw them _( play ) the computer this afternoon.3.She was surprised to find the house _( break ) into when s

16、he went back home.第19页4. Unfortunately, he got his wallet _( steal ) on the bus.5. He wont have us _( criticize ) him.6. Its a bad habit to leave the work _( undo ).7. Yesterday I caught him _( take ) my dictionary when I went into the classroom.第20页 C 动词ed形式作定语 1 前置定语单个动词-ed形式作定语普通放在被修饰名词之前。 A watc

17、hed pot never boils. 心急锅不开。 All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 全部坏门窗都修好了。 我们抵达时候，每人被发给了一份印制好试卷When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper.提示如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。Money spent is more than money earned.入不敷出。第21页2 后置定语作后置定语动词-ed形式普通都带有修饰语或其它成份，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。We have

18、read many novels written by this author. (= that are written by this author)Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. (= who had been invited to the reception)The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. (= which was attended by one thousand stu

19、dents)A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. (= who was dressed like a lawyer)第22页3 动词ed形式作定语和ing形式作定语区分动词-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成，而动词-ing形式作定语表示动词正在进行。the risen sun升起了太阳 the rising sun正在升起太阳boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾水fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves正在飘落叶子changed condition改变了情

20、况changing condition改变着情况第23页4） 分词作定语： 1. Do you know the man _(speak ) at the meeting? 2. Do you know the man _( praise ) at the meeting? 3. The building _( put ) up last now is our library. 4. The building _( put ) up now will be our new company. 第24页5. The building _( put ) up next year will be ou

21、r new company.6. There was an old temple _ ( stand ) at the top of the hill.7. There is a sports meeting _ ( hold ) next Tuesday.8. There was an old man _( live ) in the village.第25页 D 动词ed形式作状语动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也能够表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1 表示时间动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Seen from the tower, t

22、he city looks beautiful.(= When the city is seen from the tower.)Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.(= After we had been shown the lab .)Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.(= After he was completely examined.)第26页点津坊有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when, while等来强调时间概念。On

23、ce recovered, he went all out to do his work.When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame.Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.第27页2 表示原因动词-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying. (= Since they were mo

24、ved by the heroic deeds .)Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read.(= As it was written in haste .)Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate.(= Because we were excited by.)第28页3 表示条件动词-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Heated, water changes into steam.(= If water is heated.)Giv

25、en more time, he would be able to do better.(= If he was given more time .)Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker. (= If she was compared with other protessors.)company. 第29页3 表示条件点津坊为了使-ed形式表示条件、动词让步意义愈加显著，我们能够加上适当连词。Even if invited, I wont go. Though beaten by the opposite te

26、am, they did not lose heart. Unless invited, he will not come back to the company. 第30页4 表示让步动词-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导让步状语从句。Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.(= Although they were exhausted by the running .)Laughed at by many people, he continued his resear

27、ch.(= Even if he was laughed by many people .)第31页4 表示让步点津坊有时动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式被动式作状语，并没有多大区分，能够交换。Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school.= Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school.Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used

28、to town life.= Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life.第32页5 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子后面，相当于一个并列分句。The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.(= and he was surrounded by the students)He went into the office, followed by s

29、ome children.(= and he was followed by some children)点津坊动词-ed形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。 【误】I cannot stand laughed at.【正】I cannot stand being laughed at. 【误】Invited to the state banquet is a great honour.【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 第33页A)1._(see ) those picture, he couldnt help thin

30、king of those days in Yanan.2._( turn ) round, Fanny found an ambulance driving up.3_( water ) the vegetables, they began to pick up the apples.4._( finish ) the work, he went back home on foot.5._( inspire ) by Dr. Chens speech, they decided to study maths harder.6._( persuade) by her mother, she g

31、ladly went there alone. 第34页7.Warmly _( praise ) for his work, he was too excited to fall asleep.8._( surround), the enemy found nowhere to hide and had to give up.9.Once _( arm ), we are afraid of nothing.10.While _( cross )the street, look out for cars.11.While_( criticize ),she cried.12.She came

32、earlier than _( expect).13.Everything goes well as _( plan ).14._( give ) more time, we are sure to do it better.第35页判断以下对或错：1. Seeing from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.2. Leaving at home, the little girl felt much afraid.将上列1-14句分词部分改成从句：第36页(动词ed形式逻辑主语) A 动词ed形式作状语或表语时1 动词-ed形式在句中作状语或表语

33、时，它逻辑主语普通来说就是句子主语，动词-ed形式和主语之间是被动关系。Locked up, he had no way to escape.Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.She became discouraged at the news. B 动词ed形式作定语时当动词-ed形式在句中作定语时，它逻辑主语是被它修饰名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out

34、in the 16th century.第37页C 动词ed形式在句中作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，它逻辑主语是句子主语或宾语，它们之间关系是被动关系。Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain.(trapped逻辑主语是句子宾语fingers)The valuable vase was found stolen.(stolen逻辑主语是句子主语vase)We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in

35、.(turned up side down逻辑主语是句子宾语house)第38页D 动词ed形式有时可有独立逻辑主语动词-ed形式有时可有其独立逻辑主语，惯用作状语 Everything done, we went home.All our money run out, Henry had to find another job.E 动词ed形式作独立成份动词-ed形式一些固定词组也可在句中作独立成份，不受逻辑主语限制。Put frankly, I dont agree with what he said.Given the general state of his health, it may ta