高考英语关于阅读理解中猜词悟义题

1、高考英语关于阅读理解中猜词悟义题高考英语关于阅读理解中猜词悟义题高考英语关于阅读理解中猜词悟义题专题复习：关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题近几年的高考理解越来越重考生猜悟能力的考，猜悟的能力，即掌握一些猜生的方法，消除中生的干、降低生率、提高速度和理解能力是必不可以少的，是考生英理解能力的一个重要成部分。种不用典而通上下文来生的能力是每一个考生所必具的能力。主要考考生文中的重点句的理解，要求考生文章中的个、关、或句子作出解或推其。常用的问题形式：1.Heunderlinedword（phrase）inthepassagemeans2.Thewordit（them）inthefirstparagrap

2、hrefersto3.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans4.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？Whatdoes（do）theunderlinedword（words）referto？Accordingtothepassage,“”probablymeans_.Theauthorusestheword“”tomean_.Theunderlinedword/phrase/team“”means_.9.Theword“”inpa

3、ragraphrefersto_.Whatdoes“”inthesecondparagraphstandsfor?Thesentence“”means_.比方:Appletreesmaygrowastallas12metresandtheygrowbestinareasthathavecoldwinters.Althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.Theunderlinedword“yielded”mostprobablymeans_.A.soldB.boughtC.improvedD.pro

4、ducedAnothersourceofknowledgeisthevaststoreoftraditionalpracticeshandeddownformfathertoson,ormothertodaughter,ofoldcountrycustoms,offolklore.Allthisisverydifficultforacollegestudenttoexamine,formuchknowledgeandpersonalexperienceisneededheretoseparategoodplantsformwildgrass.Thecollegestudentshouldlea

5、rntorealizeandrememberhowmuchofrealvaluesciencehasfoundinthiswide,confusedwildernessandhowoftenscientificdiscoveriesofwhathadexistedinthisarealongago.Inthisparagraphthephrase“thiswide,confusedwilderness”refersto_.A.personalexperienceB.wildweedsamonggoodplantsC.theinformationfromtheparentsD.thevastst

6、oreoftraditionalpractices猜词悟义方法：一、性解性解是作者了更好地表达思想，在文章中一些重要的看法、懂的术语或词汇等所作的讲解。这些讲解供应的信息拥有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较简单。1、依照定义猜想词义定义讲解形式多样，常由be,mean,dealwith,beconsidered,tobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,represent,or,thatistosay,inotherwords,becalled等词汇或破折号来表示。比方：Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.Inslan

7、gtheterm“jam”constitutesastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.Apersonwhoskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.2、依照复述猜想词义Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakan

8、dreadintelligently.Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.(3)Thenewbuilding,afive-storyedifice,wascompletedlastmonth.(4).Capacitance,ortheabilitytostoreelectricchange,isoneofthemostcommoncharacteristicsofelectroniccircuits.)SomeorganizationsofUnitedNationsprefertotakeonPolyglotsasthei

9、rworkers-thosewhocanunderstandaswellasspeakmanylanguages.KrabacbersuffersfromSAD,whichisshortforseasonalaffectivedisorder,asyndromecharacterizedbysevereseasonalmoodswings.3、依照举例猜想词义Theconsequencesofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoveriesarenotconfinedtoasmallgeographicalareaastheywerein

10、thepast.Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.二、内在逻辑关系1、依照比较关系猜想义表示比较关系的词汇和短语主若是while,not,but,however,yet,otherwise,though,despite,inspiteof,incontrast和while引导的并列句等。在这些表示转折意义的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的比较关系。依照已知的内容，经过这种比较关系，就很简单猜出生词的词义的。如：Andrewiso

11、neofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.Agoodsupervisorcanrecognizeinstantlytheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledones.ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.(4)Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings;hiswife,however,isverythrifty.2、依照比较

12、关系猜想词义同比较关系相反，比较关系表表示义上的相似关系，例：Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.3、依照因果关系猜想词义Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.ThereweresomanydemonstratorsintheRedSquarethathehadtoelbowhiswaythroughthecrowd.Shewantedthehairdressertot

13、rimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.4、依照同义词的取代关系猜想词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，依照语言环境推断生词词义。Althoughheoftenhadtheopportunity,Mr.Trittwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldhaveendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopard

14、izehisfuture.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth,Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.三、外面相关因素外面相关因素是指篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知识。有时仅靠解析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和一般知识确定词义。比方：Husband:itsreallycoldouttonight.Wife:Sureitis.Myhandsarepracticallynumb.(Howaboutlightingthefurnace?)Thesnakeslithe

15、redthroughthegrass.1、依照前缀猜想词义比方：Hefellintoaditchandlayhere,semiconscious,forafewminutes.Imilliterateaboutsuchthings.2、依照后缀猜想词义Insecticideisappliedwhereitisneeded.Thenthevapormaychangeintodroplets.3、依照复合词的各部分猜想词义Growingeconomicproblemswerehighlightedbyaslowdowninoiloutput.(2)BullfightisverypopularinS

16、pain.综上所述，利用各种已知信息推断、判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧。在实践中，我们可以灵便运用，综合运用上面提到的几种猜想技巧，消除生词的阻拦，顺利理解文章的思想内容，提高阅读速度。真题欣赏（2005全国卷I第61题）Theunderlinedword“detour”inparagraph5means_.A.adrivethroughthetownB.araceacrossthefieldsC.aroundaboutwayoftravelingD.ajourneyinthemountainarea2005全国卷I第68题）Bysaying“Middlechildrenareinvisibl

17、e”inparagraph3,Lewismeansthatmiddlechildren_.havetohelptheirparentstoservedinnergettheleastattentionfromthefamilyareoftenkeptawayfromthedinnertablefindithardtokeepupwithotherchildren2005全国卷II第44题）Theunderlinedword“chapter”inparagraph2means_.A.onebranchofanorganizationB.awrittenagreementofaclubC.onep

18、artofacollectionofpoemsD.aperiodinasocietyshistory（2005湖南卷，第60题）Theunderlinedword“pesetas”inparagraph2isakindof_.A.storyB.collectionC.inspirationD.foreigncoin（2005重庆卷，第68题）Theunderlinedphrase“out-of-the-way”inParagraph4means_.A.far-awayB.dangerousC.ancientD.secret（2005浙江卷，第47题）Whenthewritersaysthata

19、nimalsseem“tobecatchingon”,hemeans_.A.animalsbegintorealizethedangersontheroad.B.animalsbegintolearntouseecopassagesC.animalsarecrossingtheroadingroupsD.animalsareincreasinginnumber（2005安徽卷，第56题）Theunderlinedword“survey”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans_.A.researchB.reviewC.exhibitionD.examinatio

20、n（2005福建卷，第70题）Theunderlinedpart“theareaisafeastfortheeyes”inthepassagemeans_.A.theareaispleasingtotheeyeB.theareaisreallyunforgettableC.theareacatchesthetouristseyeD.theareaiscrowdedwithtourists情况体验猜想各句中划线生词词义Archaeologyisthestudyoftheburiedremainsofancienttimes,suchashouses.Pots,toolsandweapons.A、

21、地理学B、生态学C、心理学D、考古学Thisstrictofficersisamartinet,apersonwhodemandstotalobedience(遵从)torules.Disciplineandorders.A、制的人B、弱的人C、硬的D、要求格遵从律和命令的人ThoughMr.Smithhasbeengeneralmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.Thefootballgamewasgettingmoreandmoreexciting,however,

22、theoldladywasstillasdozyassheusuallywas.A、昏昏欲睡的B、亢的C、欣喜若狂的D、麻木的5.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A、成功的B、徒的C、有效的D、促的Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.A、不以为意的B、的C、全神注的D、睡意的7.Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever.A、症状B

23、、疾病C、害怕D、威8.Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.A、呜咽B、乞C、呻吟D、抖9.Thehottropicalweathercreatedafeelingoflassitudeandencouragedlaziness.A、B、C、清醒D、疲倦10.Toquiteagreatmanypeople,moneyisanirresistibletemptation.A、不可以抗拒的B、可抗拒的C、接受的D、不可以接受的Thisfishingvillageof1480peopleisableakandlonelyplace

24、,eveninacountrylocatedatthetopoftheworld.A、偏的B、宁静的C、海的D、荒凉的12.Ifandwhenthesenewmeasuresarerolledout.Theywillbewelcomed.A、B、推行C、出D、起草13.Boysthinkofschoolaspurgatoryonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,itstheirticketoutofschool.A、受罪B、关C、阻拦D、帮助Educationssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyreco

25、ilinthefaceofhead-to-headcompetitionwithboys.Thevocabularyofdressthatlearnincludesnotonlyitemsofclothingbutalsohairstyles.Jewelry,andotherbodydecoration.A、形状B、状况C、装D、章短文理解：(A)Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingfo

26、rthem.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shoplifter”mean?A.商店里的小B.商店里的推C商店里的老客D商店里的搬运工（B）Hewasoneof80middleschoolstudentsfromChinaattendingamonth-long“YouthSummit”.Thesummitwastomarkthe25thanniversaryofPresidentNixonsjourneytoChina,whichwastheturningpointinChina-U.S.relation.TheYouthSummitwasaimedatincreasin

27、gunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenyoungstudentsofthetwocountriesthroughvisitsanddiscussions.Thewords“YouthSummit”referto_.A.visittotheNixonLibraryB.theChinesestudentsvisittotheU.SC.ameetingdiscussingrelationsbetweenChinaandU.S.D.activitiestostrengthenthetiesbetweentheChineseandAmericanstudents.(C)Yo

28、ushouldseewordsaspartofawholesentenceorparagraph,notjustinisolation.Theunderlinedphraseprobablymeans_.A.inawordB.separatelyC.onewordD.slowly(D)Thelargestplayer-ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentalCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices-deluxesedans,munivans,stationwagons,coaches,Santanasedansarethebigfavorite.Th

29、eword“deluxesedans”,“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto_.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers(E)TheGreatFireofLondonstartedintheveryearlyhoursof2September1666.Infourdaysitdestroyedmorethanthreequartersoftheoldcity,wheremostofthehouseswerewoodenandclosetogether.Onehu

30、ndredthousandpeoplebecamehomeless,butonlyafewlosttheirlives.ThefirestartedonSundaymorninginthehouseoftheKingsbaker(面包师)inPuddingLane.Thebaker,withhiswifeandfamily,wasabletogetoutthroughawindowintheroof.Astrongwindblewthefirefromthebakery(面包房)intoasmallhotelnextdoor.ThenitspreadquicklyintoThamesStree

31、t.Thatwasthebeginning.Theunderlinedword“family”inthesecondparagraphmeans_.A.homeB.childrenC.wifeandhusbandD.wifeandchildren2005年高考英语全国卷I（B）Montreal(Reuters)-CrossingtheUS-CanadabordertogotochurchonaSundaycostaUScitizen$10,000forbreakingWashingtonsstrictnewsecurity(安全)rules.Theexpensivetriptochurchwa

32、sasurpriseforRichardAlbert,wholivesrightontheCanadianborder.Liketheotherhalf-dozenpeopleofTownship15,crossingtheborderisadailyoccurrenceforAlbert.ThenearbyQuebecvillageofSt.Pamphileiswheretheyshop,eatandgotochurch.Therearemanysuchsituationsintheseareasalongthelargelyunguarded5,530-mileborderbetweenC

33、anadaandtheUSwhichinsomecasesactuallyrunsdownthemiddleofstreetsorthroughbuildings.Asaresult,AlbertsayshedidnotexpectanyproblemsthreeweeksagowhenhereturnedhometotheUSafterattendingchurchinCanada,asusual.TheUScustomsstationinthisareaisclosedonSundays,sohejustdrovearoundthelockedgate,ashehaddoneeverywe

34、ekendsincethegateappearedlastMay,followingatighteningofbordersecurity.Twodayslater,Albertwastoldtogotothecustomsoffice,whereanofficertoldhimhehadbeencaughtoncameracrossingtheborderillegally.Ottawahasgivenoutspecialpassestosome300UScitizensinthatareasotheycanenterthecountrywhenCanadiancustomsstations

35、areclosed,buttheUSstoppedasimilarprogramlastMay.Thatforcesthepeopletoa200-miledetouralonghillyroadstogethomethroughanotherbordercheckpoint.Alberthasrequestedthatthecustomsofficechangetheirdecisionsonthefine,buthehasnotattendedaSundaychurchsince,.“IfeellikeImlivinginaprison,”hesaid.61.Theunderlinedwo

36、rd“detour”inparagraph5means_.A.adrivethroughthetownB.araceacrossthefieldsC.aroundaboutwayoftravelingD.ajourneyinthemountainarea2005年高考英语全国卷I（D）Asanyhomemakerwhohastriedtokeeporderatthedinnertableknows,thereisfarmoretoafamilymealthanfood.SociologistMichaelLewishasbeenstudying50familiestofindoutjustho

37、wmuchmore.Lewisandhisco-workerscarriedouttheirstudybyvideotaping（录像）thefamilieswhiletheyateordinarymealsintheirownhomes.Theyfondthatparentswithsmallfamiliestalkactivelywitheachotherandtheirchildren.Butasthenumberofchildrengetslarger,conversationgiveswaytotheparentseffortstocontroltheloudnoisetheymak

38、e.Thatcanhaveanimportanteffectonthechildren.“Ingeneralthemorequestion-askingtheparentsdo,thehigherthechildrensIQscores,”Lewissays,“Andthemorechildrenthereare,thelessquestion-askingthere”is.Thestudyalsoprovidesanexplanationforwhymiddlechildrenoftenseemtohaveahardertimeinlifethantheirsiblings(兄弟姐妹).Le

39、wisfoundthatinfamilieswiththreeorfourchildren,dinnerconversationislikelytocenterontheoldestchild.Whohasthemosttotalkabout,.Andtheyoungest,whoneedsthemostattention.“Middlechildrenareinvisible,”saysLewis.“Whenyouseesomeonegetupfromthetableandwalkaroundduringdinner,chancesareitsthemiddlechild,”Thereis,

40、however,onethingthatstopsallconversationandpreventsanyonefromhavingattention:“WhentheTVison,”Lewissays,“dinnerisanon-event”.Bysaying“Middlechildrenareinvisible,”inparagraph3,Lewismeansthatmiddlechildren_.havetohelptheirparentstoservedinnergettheleastattentionfromthefamilyareoftenkeptawayfromthedinne

41、rtablefindithardtokeepupwithotherchildren2005年高考英语全国卷II（B）Theydaysofelderlywomendoingnothingbutcookinghugemealsonholidaysaregone.EntertheRedHatSociety-agroupholdingthebeliefthatoldladiesshouldhavefun.“Mygrandmothersdidntdoanythingbutkeephouseandserveeverybody.Theywereprogrammedtodothat.”saidEmilyCom

42、ette,headofachapterofthe7-year-oldRedHatsociety.Whilemenhavelongspenttheirtimefishingandplayinggolf,womenhavesometimesseemedtobecameunnoticedastheyage.Butthepenetrationnowturning50isthebabyboomers(生育巅峰期出生的人),andthesamepeoplewhorefusedtheirparentswayofbeingyoungarenowtryinganewwayofgrowingold.Ifyouta

43、keintoconsiderationfeminism(女权主义),abitofsparemoney,andbetterhealthformostelderly,theRedHatSocietylooksalmostinevitable(必然的).Inthissociety,womenover50wearredhatsandpurpleclothes,whilethewomenunder50wearpinkhatsandlightpurpleclothing.“TheorganizationtooktheideafromapoembyJennyJosephthatbegins;WhenIama

44、noldwoman,Ishallwearpurple.Witharedhatwhichdoesntgo,”saidEllenCooper,whofoundedtheRedHatSocietyin1998.Whentheladiesstartedtoweartheredhats,theyattractedlotsofattention.“Thepointofthisisthatweneedarestfromalwaysdoingsomethingforsomeoneelse,”Coopersaid.“Womenfeelsoashamedandsorrywhentheydosomethingfor

45、themselves”.Thisiswhychaptersarediscouragedfromraisingmoneyordoinganythinguseful.“Werealadiesplaygroup.Itcouldntbemoresimple,”addedCoopersassistantJoeHeywood.44.Theunderlinedword“chapter”inparagraph2means_.A.onebranchofanorganizationB.awrittenagreementofaclubC.onepartofacollectionofpoemsD.aperiodina

46、societyshistory2005年高考英语湖南卷（B）CollectionsweretheinspirationforaprojectatThomasTallisSchool,whichformedpartoftheImagineChildrensLiteratureFestivallastautumn.Eachchild(aged12-13)beautifiedaboxandwroteastoryonthesubjectofcollectionstothrowinsideit.TheboxeswerespreadwithintheRoyalFestivalHallsBallroom.S

47、omewereleftemptytoencouragevisitorstowroteownstories.ThesubjectchosenbyLaurenwasanimaginativeone.“ItsasortofCinderellastory,”shetoldme,inspiredbyacollectionoflettersfromhercousin.Inthestorythesebecomeloveletters,burnedbyacruelstepmother.LaurensbestfriendCharlotteisthestepmother.“IminCharlottesstoryt

48、oo,”saysLauren,“andIgetrunover.”Charlottestalewasinspiredbythegirlscoincollection.“Wevecollectedforeigncoinsforyears-sinceourfamilieswentonholidaytoTenerife,”sheexplains.“ThatwasbeforetheEuro,soweputpesetasin.”Laurencontinues:“Ifindacoinintheroad,gotogetitandgetrunover.IminhospitalandthenIdie.”Charl

49、otteadds:“Orshemightnotdie.Ihaventdecidedyet.”MillieMurray,whoisateen-novelauthor,thinksthatsettingthesubjectofcollectionswasausefulinspirationtotheircreativityratherthanarestriction.“InthebeginningIthough,Willthechildrenbeabletodoit?”shesays,“Butitsbeenfruitful.Somehavetheirowncollection,somehavepa

50、rentswhodo,andsomehavewrittencompletestories.Itsmadethemthinkaboutsomethingtheywouldnthaveotherwise,whichcanonlybeagoodthing”.60.Theunderlinedword“pesetas”inParagraph2isakindof_.A.storyB.collectionC.inspirationD.foreigncoin2005年高考英语重庆卷（D）Everyoneshouldvisitalighthouseatleastonce.Themostimportantreas

51、onforsuchavisitistorealizehowourancestorsbattlednaturewiththebasictoolstheyhad.Theyhadonlybasicwaysofcreatinglight,andyettheyfoundawayofusingthissimpletechnologyinisolated(孤零零的)placestosaveshipsfromhittingrocks.Secondly,visitinglighthouseswillhelpustounderstandthelivesoflighthousekeepers.Bytheirvery

52、nature,lighthouseswerebuiltonsomerocksorcliffs.Thus,thelighthousekeepersoftenlivedlonelylives.Towalkaroundtheirsmallhomeandimaginetheangrystormoutsidebeatingagainstthewalls,istotakeasteptowardsunderstandingthelivestheyhad.Thereasonsforavisittoalighthousearenotallsobackward-lookingintime.Itistruethat

53、lighthouseswerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplaces.Butonapleasantsunnysummerday,thisveryisolationhasanaturalbeautythatmanypeoplewilllovetoexperience.Therefore,withthegentlewavestouchingallroundthelighthouse,thevisitorislikelytothinkitisaworldpreferabletothebusyandnoisymodernlife.Anotherreasonforconsideringa

54、visitisthatthelighthousesthemselvescanbeveryattractivebuildings.Mankindcouldoftennotbecontentjusttoputupabasicstructure,butfelttheneed,eveninsuchanisolatedplace,tobuildwithanartistictouch.Theresultisaviewfortiredeyestoenjoy.Finally,lighthouseshavearomanticattraction,summedupbytheimageoftheoil-skinco

55、aledkeeperclimbinghiswindingstairstotakecareofthelighttowarnshipsandsavelives.68.Theunderlinedphrase“out-of-the-way”inparagraph4means_.A.far-awayB.dangerousC.ancientD.secret2005年高考英语浙江卷（B）SpecialBridgesHelpAnimalsCrosstheRoad-ReportedbySheilaCarrickWhydidthechickencrosstheroads?Togettotheotherside.M

56、ostpeopleknowthisjoke.Butrecently,somepeoplehavebeenmuchmoreworriedabouthowthegrizzlyhearandmountainlioncancrosstheroad.“MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonU.S.roads,”theFederalHighwayAdministrationreports.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today.Themainreason?Roadkill.“Ecopassag

57、es”mayhelpanimalscrosstheroadwithoutbeinghitbycars.Theyarepathsbothoverandunderroads“.Theseecopassgescanbeextremelyuseful,sothatwildlifecanavoidroadaccidents,”saidJodiHiltyoftheWildlifeConservationSociety.Butdoanimalsactuallyusetheecopassages?Theanswerisyes.PaulBeierofNorthernArizonaUniversityfoundfootmarksleftbymountainlionsonanecopassagethatwentunderahighway.Thisshowedthatthelion