历年英语专八改错真题

1、历年专八短文改错试题英语专八改错真题预测答案Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions(a前面加also)havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:(possessed改为captured)Isitpo

2、ssibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthesamesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?(one前面加as)Whatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave(fact背面加that)moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?Whatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguages?Whatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe(language前面去掉t

3、he)acquisitionofanadditionallanguage?Whatsocio-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthelearningofadditionallanguages?Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall(去掉the)theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhaveonethingincommon:Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiringofanadditi

4、onallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo(attempts改为attempting)so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiring”anadditionallanguage,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder(or改为and)focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofanindividual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesa

5、reinvolving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning(involving改为involved)oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntintheclassroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.(touch改为contact)英语专八改错真题预测答案Psycho_linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocessesinvolvedinlang

6、uage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,productionandrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith(1)_listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually(2)_happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately.(3)_Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeoneto

7、speaking,orlookingatthispage,(4)_younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptionalcircumstanceswemightbecomeawareofthecomplexity(5)_involved:ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit;ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced(6)_theirlanguage;ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;if

8、(7)_wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;orifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeetanyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples(8)_ofwhatmightbecalled“languageinexceptionalcircumstances”revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,(9)_listening,writingandreading.Butgiventh

9、atlanguageprocesseswerenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful(10)_duction改成producing2.去掉the3.去掉accurately前面的so4.looking改为look5.we前面加that6.去掉colleague背面的has7.their改成his8.anyone改成pure教师someone9.evolved改成involved10.were改成are英语专八改错真题预测答案Thecentralproblemof

10、translatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst(1)_centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywritersfavouredcertainkindof“free”translation:thespirit,nottheletter;the(2)_sensenottheword;themessagerathertheform;thematternot(3)_themanner.Thi

11、sistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho(4)_wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19th(5)_century,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthatthelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage(6)_wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible(7)_gainedsomecurren

12、cy,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas(8)_literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe(9)_extreme“literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.Theargumentwastheoretical:thepurposeofthetranslation,thenatureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Too often,writer,translatora

13、ndreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwitheachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.(10)_ going后加on2.certain改为acertain3.rather改为not4.is改为was5.in改为at6.去掉第二个the7.view背面加that8.去掉was9.culminated背面加in10.and改为but英语专八改错真题预测答案Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,IknewthatwhenIgrewIshouldb

14、eawriter.Betweentheagesofabout1_seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidsowiththeconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthat2_soonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks.3_Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears4_oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.Forthisan

15、dotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondevelopeddisagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy5_schooldays.Ihadthelonelychildshabitofmakingupstoriesandholdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfrom6_theverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof7_beingisolatedandunderval

16、ued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwordsandapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreated8_asortofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailure9_ineverydaylife.Therefore,thevolumeofseriousi.e.seriously10_intended_writingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodandboyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfadozenpag

17、es.Iwrotemyfirstpoemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.1.在grow后加up,考固定短语2.改consience为consciousness考词语区别，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”,consiousness翻译为“意识”3.改soon为sooner，soonerorlater是固定短语4.在child前加middle,考上下文理解。作者是三个孩子句中的那位5。改disagreeing为disagreeable，disagreeing只能作动名词，不能作形容词。disagreeablemann

18、ernisms令人讨厌的习惯6.改imaginative为imaginary,考词语区别imaginative翻译为“有想象力的”，imaginary翻译为“想象的，虚构的”7.改literal为literary,考词义区别，literal翻译为“字面的”，literary翻译为“文学方面的”8.去掉face后的in，face接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法9.在world后加in或者改which为where,考定语从句10.改Therefore为However或者Nevertheness,考语境。英语专八改错真题预测答案Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguages

19、areequallycompleteandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:thatis,everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay1_ thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.2_Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitive3_peoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notallgroupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnucle

20、arphysicsorpsychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe4_ faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakaboutsnowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecanin5_English,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage(oneofthosesometimesmiscalledprimitive)isinherentlymorepreciseandsubtlethanEnglish.T

21、hisexampledoesnotcometolightadefect6_inEnglish,ashowofunexpectedprimitiveness.ThepositionissimplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar7_environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichinterms8_ fordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmadesuchd

22、istinctionasimportant.9_Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimoslife.10_1.be后插入as;asas引导的比较级2.their改为its;its替代everylanguage3.There改为It;It此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是背面的不定式4.Whereas改为But；语境需要表达转折的连词，w

23、hereas表达对比5.further改为muchfurther不能修饰比较级e改为bring;(sth)cometolight,bringsthtolightbringtolightthedefectofEnglish=bringthedefectofenglishtolight揭示英语的缺陷7.similar改为different;根据语境应当用different8.will改为would;虚拟语调9.asimportant去掉as;10thepart去掉the或者改the为abe/become/form(a)partof是固定短语英语专八改错真题预测答案Theprevioussectio

24、nhasshownhowquicklyarhymepassesfromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference(1)_betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthe(2)_littlelistenerhasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,oreven(3)_grandchildren.Theperiodbetweenlea

25、rninganurseryrhymeandtransmittingitmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.With(4)_theplaygroundlore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassed(5)_onwithintheveryhouritislearnt;andinthegeneral,itpasses(6)_betweenchildrenofthesameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommonforthedifferenceinagebetweenplaymatestobemoret

26、hanfiveyears.If,therefore,aplaygroundrhymecanbeshowntohavebeencurrentlyforahundredyears,orevenjustforfifty,itfollowsthatit(7)_hasbeenretransmittedoverandover;verypossiblyithaspassed(8)_alongachainoftwoorthreehundredyounghearersandtellers,andthewonderisthatitremainsliveaftersomuchhandling,(9)_toletal

27、onethatitbearsresemblancetothe(10)_答案分析：(1)thefurtherdifference改为afurtherdifference（本次应当用不定冠词表达泛指）(2)改when为until,构造not.until翻译为“直到才”(3)their改为his（代词与前文alittlelistener在单复数上保持一致）(4)something改为anything此处指二十到七十的任何时段(5)therefore改为however（根据上下文逻辑关系）(6)inthegeneral去掉the（习常用法ingeneral表达总的来说，一般不用冠词）(7)curren

28、tly改为current（这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词）(8)ithaspassed改为ithasbeenpassed（与分号前的被动保持一致）(9)live改为alivealive翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语；live翻译为“现场转播的；活的”，一般作定语(10)toletalone改为letalone(letalone为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说英语专八改错真题预测答案Thedesiretouselanguageasasignofnationalidentityisaverynaturalone,andinresultlanguagehasplayedaprominent_1

29、_partinnationalmoves.Menhaveoftenfelttheneedtocultivate_2_agivenlanguagetoshowthattheyaredistinctivefromanother_3_racewhosehegemonytheyresent.AtthetimetheUnitedStates_4_splitofffromBritain,forexample,therewereproposalsthatindependenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedbytheuseofa_5_differentlanguagefromt

30、hoseofBritain.Therewasevenone_6_proposalthatAmericansshouldadoptHebrew.OthersfavouredtheadoptionofGreek,though,asonemanputit,thingswouldcertainlybesimplerforAmericansiftheystuckontoEnglish_7_andmadetheBritishlearnGreek.Attheend,aseveryone_8_knows,thetwocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactorysolu

31、tionofcarryingwiththesamelanguageasbefore._9_Sincenearlytwohundredyearsnow,theyhaveshowntheworld_10_thatpoliticalindependenceandnationalidentitycanbecompletewithoutsacrificingtheenormousmutualadvantagesofacommonlanguage.inresult改成inconsequence，2moves改成movements.distinctive改成distinct或different4.在time

32、后加when5.accepted改成realized6.those改成that7.删除on,8.At改成In9carryingwith改成carryingonwith10.now改成ago英语专八改错真题预测答案Fromwhathasbeensaid,itmustbeclearthatnoonecanmakeverypositivestatementsabouthowlanguageoriginated.Thereisnomaterialinanylanguagetodayandintheearliest1_ recordsofancientlanguagesshowuslanguageina

33、newand2_emergingstate.Itisoftensaid,ofcourse,thatthelanguage3_originatedincriesofanger,fear,painandpleasure,andthe4_necessaryevidenceisentirelylacking:therearenoremotetribes,noancientrecords,providingevidenceofalanguagewithalargeproportionofsuchcries5_thanwefindinEnglish.Itistruethattheabsenceofsuch

34、evidencedoesnotdisprovethetheory,butin6_othergroundstoothetheoryisnotveryattractive.Peopleofallracesandlanguagesmakerathersimilarnoisesinreturntopainorpleasure.Thefactthat7_suchnoisesaresimilaronthelipsofFrenchmenandMalaysianswhoselanguagesareutterlydifferent,servestoemphasizeonthefundamentaldiffere

35、nce8_betweenthesenoisesandlanguageproper.Wemaysaythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexactions,instinctivetolargeextent,9_whereaslanguageproperdoesnotconsistofsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearntandthatare10_whollyconventional.1,改and为or,anylanguagagestodayorrecordsofancientlanguages是并列

36、成分，在否认句中用or2,改show为showing,目前分词作定语3，删除the,表达泛指4，改and为but,根据语境此处是转折5，改large为larger,背面有than,应当用比较级6，改in为on,onothergrounds“基于其他理由”，为固定搭配7，改return为response,inresponseto“对作出反映”8，删除on,emphasizesthemphasize是及物动词9，在large前加a,extent是可数名词，前面要加冠词。toalargeextent翻译为“在很大限度上”10，改these为thosethosethat/who为固定形式英语专八改错真

37、题预测答案Weuselanguageprimarilyasameansofcommunicationwithotherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeingconventionsas1_tothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticular2_message:theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposalvocabularyanda3_setofgrammaticalr

38、uleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehis4_thoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,totheotherEnglish5_speakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactive-lyandthatwhichherecognises,increasesinsizeashegrowsoldasaresultofeducationandexperience.6_But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,t

39、hesystemremainsnomorethanapsychologicalrealityfortheindividual,unlesshehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobeseenbyanother7_memberofhislinguisticcommunity;hebastogivethesystemaconcretetransmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomost8_commonformsoftransmission-bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans(spe

40、ech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).Andtheseare9_amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements.10_1,改agreeing为agreedagreedconventions翻译为“习俗”2，words前加the,此处为特指3，改in为atatonesdisposal为固定短语，翻译为“由某人做主”4改enables为enable，定语从句与先行词vocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrules保持一致5，删除the,此处需要泛指6，改old为older,此处需要比较级7改seen为understood，syst

41、em应当是被理解8删除ittakesthforgrantedtakeitforgrantedthat9,改or为and,语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系10，most前加the,形容词最高档中that一般不能省略英语专八改错真题预测答案Anumberofcollegesanduniversitieshaveannouncedsteeptuitionincreasesfornextyearmuchsteeperthanthecurrent,verylowrateofinflation.Theysaytheincreasesareneededbecauseofalossinvalueofuniver

42、sityendowmentsheavilyinvestingincommon1_stock.Iamskeptical.Abusinessfirmchoosesthepricethatmaximizesitsnetrevenues,irrespectivefluctuationsinincome;andincreasinglythe2_outlookofuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesisindistinguishablefromthoseof3_businessfirms.Theriseintuitionsmayreflectthefacteconomicuncert

43、ainty4_increasesthedemandforeducation.Thebiggestcostofbeingintheschoolisforegoingincomefromajob(thisisprimarilyafactorin5_graduateandprofessional-schooltuition);thepooronesjobprospects, 6_themoresenseitmakestoreallocatetimefromthejobmarkettoeducation,inordertomakeoneselfmoremarketable.Thewayswhichun

44、iversitiesmakethemselvesattractivetostudents7_includesoftmajors,studentevaluationsofteachers,givingstudentsagovernancerole,andeliminaterequiredcourses.8_Sky-hightuitionshavecauseduniversitiestoregardtheirstudentsascustomers.Justasbusinessfirmssometimescolludetoshortenthe9_rigorsofcompetition,univers

45、itiescolludetominimizethecosttothemoftheathleteswhomtheyrecruitinordertostimulatealumnidonations,sothebestathletesnowoftenbypasshighereducationinordertoobtainsalariesearlierfromprofessionalteams.Anduntiltheywerestoppedbytheantitrustauthorities,theIvyLeagueschoolscolludedtolimitcompetitionforthebests

46、tudents,byagreeingnottoawardscholarshipsonthebasisofmeritratherthanpurelyofneed_justlikebusinessfirmsagreeingnottogivediscountsontheirbest 10_customer.1.investing应改为invested，过去分词作定语2.在irrespective和fluctuations之间加上介词of。irrespectiveOf是一固定用法，意指“不管，不管，不顾，”等，此处指公司不顾收入的波动变化。3.把those改为that，that此处替代outlook4

47、在fact和economic之间力口上关系代词that。这是一种同位语从语，that在同位语从句中是不能省略的.5把定冠词the去掉,inschool表达上学这个抽象意义6把形容词poor改为其比较级poorer。这句中的poor与背面的more形成一对比较关系，表达“越越”7在ways和which之间加上一种介词in。8这里应当用动词的lng形式，即eliminating，以便使句型构造与前面的giving(studentsagovernancerole)保持一致，否则句子构造和意思都显得不对的。9将shorten(缩短；使变短)改为reduce/lesson/weaken。此处属于用词不当

48、。10将togivediscountson改为togivediscountstotheirbestcustomer。意为实业公司给最佳的客户提供优惠。Givediscountstosb为固定短语英语专八改错真题预测答案DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablishfamilies.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomenandbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcent

49、uryheightaftermorethanahundred(1)_yearsofasteadydecline,producingthe“babyboom.”Theseyoung (2)_adultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwentformorethantwodecadesandcausedamajor (3)_buttemporaryreversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s,Americans

50、marriedatahighrate (4)_andatayoungeragethantheirEuropecounterparts. (5)_Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themenandwomenwho (6)_formedfamiliesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreducedthe (7)_divorcerateafterapostwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlier

51、aswell(8)_aslaterdecades.SincetheUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubious (9)_distinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld,thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurinthesameextentin (10)_Europe.Contrarytofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnotabandoned1.答案：heighthigh，high作为名词翻译为“最高水平”，又

52、如reachanall-timehigh2答案：删除a【具体解答】此处steadydecline指稳定下降的行为、过程而不是其成果，为不可数名词，故应去掉定冠词a。3答案：went后加on【具体解答】goon为固定搭配，意为“持续”。4答案：highhigher【具体解答】背面有than，此处应为比较级。5答案：EuropeEuropean【具体解答】根据上下文，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词counterparts。6答案：more【具体解答】由上下文可知，more与equally矛盾，故应去掉。7答案：neverthelessalso【具体解答】由上下文可知，此处讲的内容与前部分内容之间为递

53、进关系，而非转折关系。8答案：thatthose【具体解答】由上下文可知，此处所指代的应为前面复数形式的marriages，故批示代词也应当用复数形式。9答案：SinceAlthough（或While）【具体解答】从逻辑上讲，此处应体现让步关系，而非因果关系。10答案：into【具体解答】toextent为固定搭配，意为“到限度”02homemakerwasnotabandoned.1.答案：heighthigh，high作为名词翻译为“最高水平”，又如reachanall-timehigh2答案：删除a【具体解答】此处steadydecline指稳定下降的行为、过程而不是其成果，为不可数名词

54、，故应去掉定冠词a。3答案：went后加on【具体解答】goon为固定搭配，意为“持续”。4答案：highhigher【具体解答】背面有than，此处应为比较级。5答案：EuropeEuropean【具体解答】根据上下文，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词counterparts。6答案：more【具体解答】由上下文可知，more与equally矛盾，故应去掉。7答案：neverthelessalso【具体解答】由上下文可知，此处讲的内容与前部分内容之间为递进关系，而非转折关系。8答案：thatthose【具体解答】由上下文可知，此处所指代的应为前面复数形式的marriages，故批示代词也应当用复数形式。9答案：SinceAlthough（或While）【具体解答】从逻辑上讲，此处应体现让步关系，而非因果关系。10答案：into【具体解答】toextent为固定搭配，意为“到限度”英语专八改错真题预测答案Therearegreatimpedimentstothegeneraluseofastandardi