高中英语之名词性状语从句课件人教选修6

1、2021/8/11 星期三1名词性从句同位语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句made by:Wang Zhaoxia2021/8/11 星期三2Related Conception (相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。The boy is li Ming.主语表语Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主语同位语宾语2021/8/11 星期三3在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性

2、从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)同理:定语从句也可以叫做形容词性从句,状语从句也可以叫做副词性从句.2021/8/11 星期三4引导名词性从句的词:连接词:that(不做成分也无意义), if/ whether (不做成分但有意义“是否” )连接代词 who(ever), (在从句中做主,宾,) whom(ever), (在从句中做宾,表)which(ever)/ who

3、se, (在从句中做主,宾,表,定) what(ever), (在从句中做主,宾,表, “的事物”,“所” ). 连接副词： when(ever), where(ver), how, why. (在从句中分别做时间,地点,方式,原因状语) 另外:as if /as though也可以引导表语从句2021/8/11 星期三5请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句1)What I want to do is taking a bath.2)The news that they won the game spread the whole school.3)I dont think he is an hone

4、st boy.4)The fact is that he stole the car.5)Do you know the fact that he stole the car?6)Do you know the man who is standing over there?7)It is said that they won the game.(主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(同位语从句)(定从)(主从)_2021/8/11 星期三6试区分以下句子属于哪种从句:1)Is this museum what you visited?2)Is this the museum that you

5、visited?3)Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。(表从)(定从)(定从)This museum is what you visited.This is the museum that you visited.This museum is the one that you visited._2021/8/11 星期三7主语从句(The Subject Clause)在复合句中起主语的作用。他星期三来这里是

6、肯定的。_ is certain.注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词that(不做成分也无意义)他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。_ is not certain.注意：主语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”(不做成分但有意义“是否” ) He will come here on WednesdayThathWhether he will come here on Wednesday2021/8/11 星期三8 主语从句做主语时,谓语动词通常用单数.但what引导的从句做主语时,如果表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数.What he said_much for

7、 us to think about. A. leave B. leavesThat I shall work with you _ a great pleasure. A.are B.isWhat he left me _some old books. A.are B.is_2021/8/11 星期三9主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。It is known to us that he will come here.That he will come here is known to us.2021/8/11 星期三10It + be + 形容词 tha

8、t从句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that . 重要的是It is obvious that 很明显It + be + -ed分词 that从句It is believed that 人们相信It is known to us/all that . 众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定用it做形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配：2021/8/11 星期三11It + be + 名词 that从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that . 令

9、人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是It + 不及物动词 that从句It appears/seems that 似乎It happens that . 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起2021/8/11 星期三12表语从句(The Predicative Clause)在复合句中起表语的作用。一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等.另外,常用的还有the reason why is that 和It is because 等结构。1).我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Our purp

10、ose is_.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。2).问题是它是否值得做。The question is _表语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”.he can realize his faults.thatwhether it is worth doing.2021/8/11 星期三13宾语从句(The Object Clause)you will come here.我不知道你会来这里。I dont know_ 注意：that在从句中不充当任何成分也无意义，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。但有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可以省

11、略.（that）在复合句中起宾语的作用,用在及物动词/介词之后.My uncle said (that) Peter would come and that he would also bring his son. 2021/8/11 星期三14注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.从句是否定句时一般用if。但下列情况只能用whether1.与or not连用;2.作介词和disscuss的宾语;3.后接动词不定式时;4.用if引导会引起歧义.Please tell me if you like it.1.请告诉我你是否喜欢它.(宾语从句,用whether好).

12、2.如果你喜欢它就告诉我.(状语从句).Can you tell me whether to go or to stay.2021/8/11 星期三15我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论他是否要来吗？他不在乎天气是否好。I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.2021/8/11 星期三16宾语从句中的否

13、定转移我认为他不会来这里I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )注意：如果宾语从句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。2021/8/11 星期三17宾语从句中用it作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。这种情况that不可以省略.1)We think that we

14、should help others our duty.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.2)I find that he should finish the work in two days impossible.2021/8/11 星期三18同位语从句(The Appositive Clause)在复合句中起同位语的作用。同位语从句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有丰富内涵的词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容

15、。一般说来，同位语从句都用that来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用how, when, where等。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。He gave her a promise _.he would come back in two months.that2021/8/11 星期三19同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处:1、两种从句都可以译成定语: The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。（同位语从句）（定语从句）The news that you told us is r

16、eally encouraging.你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。2021/8/11 星期三202、两种从句都可以用that引导: The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。（同位语从句）（定语从句）The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。202

17、1/8/11 星期三21同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处:1.从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利) The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）（同从）（定从）2021/8/11 星期三22Do you know the

18、fact that he stole the car?(不做任何成分且无意义,只起连接作用)Do you know the fact that they were talking about?(指代fact又充当介词about的宾语)(同从)(定从)2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分且无意义；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。2021/8/11 星期三23 说出下列从句属于哪种从句：A: Appositive（同位语）; B: Attributive（定语）.His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent?5. Is this the company where your father works?6. This is the reaso