临床心理学英文课件chapter8managingstressandpain

1、临床心理学英文课件chapter8managingstressandpain临床心理学英文课件chapter8managingstresYour stress/pain signatureyour own unique pattern of responding to stressful life events different for everyonecan be improved with effort and practiceYour stress/pain signatureyour1. Medical treatments for stress and painMedical tr

2、eatments for stress-related disorders:Benzodiazepine tranquilizers (Valium, Xanax)Antidepressant drugs-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs-Prozac, Zoloft)1. Medical treatments for stre2. Medical treatments for painMedical approach to pain control was recognized as insufficient.Acute pain

3、is usually noticed but chronic pain is usually undertreated.2. Medical treatments for painMedical treatments for painDrugs 1Analgesic drugs: the opiates the non-narcotic analgesics.2antidepressant drugsthe opiatesWariness about abuse usePhysicians: reluctant to prescribePatients: reluctant to take s

4、ufficient dosesMedical treatments for painDruthe non-narcotic analgesicsNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDS): Aspirin: active ingredient-salicin, 1827, isolated;1899, trade name used by the Bayer companythe non-narcotic analgesicsNonSurgery Another traditional medical treatment for pain: di

5、rected towards repairing the source of the pain or altering nervous system to alleviate pain.Last resortAnd delaying surgery may not be the most successful approach.Surgery Another traditional meTwo kinds of surgeryTo ablate nerves that are transmitting pain through application of either cold or hea

6、t to destroy the nerve.Stimulation of the spinal cord and brain to block pain messages: involving implanting devices that can deliver electrical stimulation to either the spinal cord or brain.Two kinds of surgeryTo ablate Limitations of medical treatmentsLimitations of drugsTolerance: the bodys decr

7、eased responsiveness to a drug.Dependence: when the drugs removal produces withdrawal symptoms.The opiates drugs remain an essential part of pain management for the most severe, acute injuries, for recovery from surgery, and for terminal illnesses.Limitations of medical treatmeLimitations of surgery

8、It does not always repair damaged tissue.It dose not provide all patients with sufficient pain relief.Expensive but unreliableLimitations of surgeryIt does 3 Alternative and complementary medicine (CAM)Alternative medicine: a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products

9、that are not currently considered part of conventional medicine.Combine alternative medicine with conventional medicine-complementary medicine approach3 Alternative and complementComplementary and Alternative treatment for stress and painBody manipulation: massage, chiropractic manipulation, accupun

10、cture.Movement-based therapies: qi gong and tai chi chuanComplementary and Alternative Massage: manipulation of soft tissue to relax and relief stressChiropractic manipulation: Daniel David Palmer, 1895Acupuncture and acupressure: to unblock the flow of qi.Massage: manipulation of soft Limitation of

11、 alternative therapiesLack of information on the effectiveness of CAM intervention, mostly because of sparseness of research.Use as additions to conventional medical care.Limitation of alternative ther4Integrative medicinePain clinicsA physician trained in neurology, anesthesia, rehabilitation or ps

12、ychiatryA physical rehabilitation expertA psychiatrist or psychologistA chiropractor, massage therapist, or acupuncturist.4Integrative medicinePain cli5Behavioral techniques for managing stress and painRelaxation trainingHypnotic treatmentBiofeedbackCognitive behavioral therapyEmotional disclosure5B

13、ehavioral techniques for maRelaxation training渐进式放松 progressive relaxation method冥想式放松 meditative relaxation正念式放松 mindfulness meditation引导想象放松 guided imageryMore effective than a placebo.Relaxation training渐进式放松 progrHypnotic treatmentMesmerism: Franz Anton MesmerHypnosis: an altered state of consci

14、ousness in which a persons stream of consciousness is divided or dissociated.Suggestion and self-hypnosisSuggestibility Hypnotic treatmentMesmerism: FBiofeedbackBiofeedback: the process of providing feedback information about the status of biological systems.Feedback allows the person to alter physi

15、ological response that cannot be voluntarily controlled without the biofeedback information.EMG: electromyograph biofeedback Thermal biofeedbackBiofeedbackBiofeedback: the prCognitive behavioral therapyCBT: combination of Behavior modification and cognitive therapyBehavior modification: shaping beha

16、vior through the application of operant conditioning principles. reinforcesCognitive therapy: peoples beliefs, personal standards, and feelings of self-efficacy strongly affect their behavior. rational emotive therapyCognitive behavioral therapyCBThe stress inoculation programConceptualization stage

17、: accept the importance of psychological factors for their pain the explanation of gate-control theory of pain.Skills acquisition and rehearsal stage: relaxation and controlling breathing skills.Application and follow-through stage: families ignore the patients pain behaviors and reinforce healthy behavior The most effective intervention among behavioral management strategies.The stress inoculation programEmotional disclosurePeople express their strong emotions by talking or writing about negative events that precipitated those emotions.15-20 minute