长难句分析专题知识讲座

1、长难句分析专题知识讲座长难句分析专题知识讲座第1页 1、The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm. 2、The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiati

2、ons, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.长难句分析专题知识讲座第2页长难句组成：句子=主语+谓语+宾语长难句=主语+（限定短语）+（限定从句）+谓语+宾语+ （限定短语）+（限定从句） +状语（时间，地点，目标等）很多难句由来是在简单句名词后面增加了补充说明限定成份，使句子在提供更多信息同时变得相对复杂！ 修饰名词，不修饰动词！ 长难句分析专题知识讲座第3页名词加限定从句： 书丢了。这句话缺乏一些信息，即到底是哪本书破了呢，没有限定说明： “书”是指哪一本书，是黄颜

3、色那本书，是刚买来那本书，还是祖传那本书呢？补充信息： “（我昨天从图书馆借）书丢了。” 汉语中喜欢把定于放在名词前，不过英语中普通会把相对长定语放在名词后面，作为补充限定。英语结构： “书（我昨天从图书馆借）丢了”。名词需要一个限定，以防止歧义 常见限定从句：定语从句，同位语从句，主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句长难句分析专题知识讲座第4页名词加限定短语：限定短语能够看做是限定从句简化，如同在名词后面加了一个括号 我会写汉字。我会写汉字（简体）。书丢了。书（绿色）丢了。长难句分析专题知识讲座第5页常见限定短语:非谓语动词: to do, done, doingA、To do 表示目标，“为了”B

4、、Doing 是现在分词，表示主动、正在C、Done 是过去分词。表示被动、完成_To give_(give） him more help, we have to do everything we can._Giving _(give) him more time, he could do it better._Gived_(give) him our help, we felt very happy.正在教室讲课老师昨天晚上写完作业要在下个月执行计划 The teacher speaking in the class/后置定语 The homework finished last night

5、 The plan to be carried out next month /表示未来长难句分析专题知识讲座第6页1、The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.主干： The employee is an obvious asset to the firm. 主语：the employee 员工短语限定：（at the home office）

6、 (在我国办公)从句限定： who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine 能够经过电话或传真与国外客户很好交流 翻译：这位在我国办公但能经过电话或传真与国外客户很好交 流员工，对于企业而言，无疑是一笔财富。 长难句分析专题知识讲座第7页2、The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotia

7、tions, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.主干： The employee has an opportunity，and can have the cultural insight一个主语做了两件事情：员工有一个机会，而且拥有文化洞察力。怎样员工？拥有怎样机会？怎样洞察力？长难句分析专题知识讲座第8页（1）对主语“employee”加限定： The employee （posted abroad） who speaks the countrys principal

8、 language has an opportunity.（被派往海外）并（能说该国主要语言）员工拥有一个机会。（2）对宾语“opportunity”作限定： opportunity （to fast-forward certain negotiations）（加紧一些谈判进程）机会。（to fast-forward certain negotiations）这个短语个别起到补充说明作用，类似括号功效，说明机会内涵。（3）对宾语“the cultural insight”作限定： the cultural insight （to know when it it better to move m

9、ore slowly）（知道什么时候慢些会更加好）文化洞察力。（to know when it it better to move more slowly）这个短语个别起到了补充说明作用，也类似一个括号功效，说明文化洞察力内容。长难句分析专题知识讲座第9页怎样分析长难句：突破点：谓语！任何句子都必须有谓语动词，所以找到一个谓语动词就能够拆下来一个句子。了解难句基础步骤是：1）识别出有哪几个谓语动词；2）找出主句谓语动词，先了解主句；3）再去了解从句和短语。 长难句分析专题知识讲座第10页While enriching their imagination, books widen their o

10、utlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure properly.Work, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well. 长难句分析专题知识讲座第11页While enriching their imagination, books widen

11、their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure properly.结构：本句中有个 三谓语动词widen, develop 和 train，主语都是books. enrich前面省略了主语，用了非谓语动词.拆分：Books enrich their imagination. Books widen their outlook.Books develop a fact-finding attitude Books train them to use leisure properly.翻译：在

12、丰富大家想象力同时，书还会拓展大家视野，培养大家求真务实精神，帮助大家合理安排闲暇时间。长难句分析专题知识讲座第12页Work, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well. 结构： 本句中只有一个谓语动词：involves。for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under是插入语

13、。for后面内容修饰responsibility，而a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well为并列结构。拆分： work involves responsibility.for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and underResponsibility （for a house hold, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well. ）翻译： 对于大多数美国和中国55岁或者以下妇

14、女而言，工作全部职责包含了负责家务、照料孩子以及在家务之外还要上班。 长难句分析专题知识讲座第13页To a large degree，the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present momentWithout question，many of us have mastered the neurotic art of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of things all at o

15、nceWe allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments，so much so that we end up anxious，frustrated，depressed，and hopelessUnfortunately，the same mental dynamics that tell us to look toward the future will only repeat themselves so that someday never actually arrives长难句分析专题知识讲座

16、第14页To a large degree，the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present moment结构： 本句中有两个谓语动词，is determined 和 are able to. by 后面接一个宾语从句。拆分： to a large degree, the measure of our peace of mind is determined byHow much we are able to live in the present momen

17、t.翻译： 在很大程度上, 咱们内心是否平和是由咱们是否能生活在现实之中所决定。 长难句分析专题知识讲座第15页Without question, many of us have mastered the neurotic art of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of things all at once结构：这一句中含有一个谓语动词 have mastered，spending 是介词后跟动名词使用方法，worrying 是spend in doing使用方法。 拆分： (Without question, ) m

18、any of us have mastered the neurotic art (of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of things ) (all at once)翻译:毫无疑问，咱们很多人掌握了一个神经兮兮艺术，即把生活中大个别时间花在为种种事情担心忧虑上-而且经常是同时忧虑许多事情。长难句分析专题知识讲座第16页We allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments，so much so that we end up

19、anxious，frustrated，depressed，and hopeless结构：第二句中含有两个谓语动词 allow 和 end up. To dominate 是不定式使用方法。 So much so that 如此以至于拆分：We allow past problems and future concerns (to dominate our present moments)(so much so that) we end up anxious，frustrated，depressed，and hopeless翻译：咱们听凭过去麻烦和未来担心控制咱们此时此刻生活，以致咱们整日焦虑不

20、安，萎靡不振，甚至沮丧绝望。长难句分析专题知识讲座第17页Unfortunately，the same mental dynamics that tell us to look toward the future will only repeat themselves so that someday never actually arrives结构：本句中有三个谓语动词tell, repeat 和 arrive. 主句谓语为 repeat 和 arrive, tell 为定语从句谓语。拆分：Unfortunately，the same mental dynamics will only rep

21、eat themselves (that mental dynamics tell us to look toward the future)so that someday never actually arrives翻译：不幸是，如此告诫咱们朝前看大脑动力只能重复来重复去，以致“有朝一日”永远不会真正降临。长难句分析专题知识讲座第18页This is especially true among children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and sponsor sports

22、 programs and make sure that there is easy access to participation opportunities.Children in low-income families and poor communities are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often lack the resources needed to pay for participation fees, equipment, and transportation t

23、o practices and games and their communities do not have resources to build and maintain sports fields and facilities .长难句分析专题知识讲座第19页This is especially true among children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and sponsor sports programs and make sure that there is

24、 easy access to participation opportunities.结构：本句中有三个谓语动词，主句谓语为is true, have 和 make sure 同属于由 that 引导并列定语从句。拆分：This is especially true among children （from families and communities. ）that have the resources (needed )(to organize and sponsor sports programs.)and make sure that there is easy access to

25、 participation opportunities.翻译: 有些孩子来自拥有组织和赞助运动项目所需资源和能确保孩子轻松拥有参加机会家庭和小区。对他们来说，更（将参加小区运动）当做理所当然。长难句分析专题知识讲座第20页Children in low-income families and poor communities are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often lack the resources needed to pay for participation fees,

26、equipment, and transportation to practices and games and their communities do not have resources to build and maintain sports fields and facilities .结构：本句中有三个谓语动词，are less likely to do为主句谓语 , lack和 do not have 为并列原因状语从句谓语,主语分为 they 和 their communities. 拆分：1. Children （in low-income families and poor

27、 communities ）are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted takefor granted把认为是理所应该2. because they often lack the resources (needed) (to pay for participation fees, equipment, and transportation to practices and games)3. and （because）their communities do not have resources (to build and

28、 maintain sports fields and facilities ).翻译：来自低收入家庭和贫穷小区孩子就极少将小区运动视作理所应该，因为他们经常缺乏必须金钱来支付门票、设备和往返车费，而且他们小区也没有能力来建设和维持运动场和运动设备。长难句分析专题知识讲座第21页A code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice peopl

29、e are perceived to finish last.Readers turn naturally to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to escape from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and spirit. while es

30、tablishing their own relationships and responses to life, the readers often find that the characters in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own. 长难句分析专题知识讲座第22页A code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in wh

31、ich everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last. 结构：本句中有四个谓语动词, 主句谓语为is hard, are living 是时间状语从句谓语， is exhausted和are perceived 属于由in which 引导并列定语从句。拆分：A code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in which ev

32、eryone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleepin which nice people are perceived to finish last翻译： 在一个人人都疲于加班、缺乏睡眠社会里，在一个好人被认为最终才会成功社会里，咱们是极难建立什么守则。长难句分析专题知识讲座第23页Readers turn naturally to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experience

33、s of others and their need to escape from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and spirit. 结构：本句中有两个谓语动词，主句谓语为 turn to， 原因状语从句谓语为lead to，其主语为their curiosity, their eagerness and their need. 拆分：Readers turn naturally to booksbecause 1）their curiosity （concerning

34、all manners of things）2）their eagerness（ to share in the experiences of others ）3）and their need （to escape from their own limited environment ） lead them to find in books food for the mind and spirit. 长难句分析专题知识讲座第24页Readers turn naturally to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of t

35、hings, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to escape from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and spirit. 翻译： 读者会自然而然地去读书，因为他们对一切东西都好奇，他们渴望分享他人经历，他们需要从自己受到限制环境中解脱出来这一些，都引导他们在书中为自己精神和心灵寻找食粮。长难句分析专题知识讲座第25页while establishing their

36、 own relationships and responses to life, the readers often find that the characters in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.结构：本文中有四个谓语动词，主句谓语为find， establishing 其实也是主句谓语动词，用了非谓语动词形式；are going through 是宾语从句谓语，help to 是非限定定语从句谓

37、语。拆分: While The readers establish their own relationships and responses to lifethe readers often find thatthe characters in their stories are going through similar adjustments which help to clarify and give significance to their own.长难句分析专题知识讲座第26页while establishing their own relationships and respo

38、nses to life, the readers often find that the characters in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.翻译： 在建立他们自己人际关系和对生活做出反应时，读者经常会发觉他们读到小说里那些人物也有相同经历，这能够帮助他们认清自己行为，并使之含有意义。长难句分析专题知识讲座第27页Both the family and the society in which ex

39、ceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public

40、education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.长难句分析专题知识讲座第28页Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or not to an app

41、ropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 长难句分析专题知识讲座第29页Both th

42、e family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. 结构：第一句中两个谓语动词：主句谓语are ,

43、 定语从句谓语live。第二句中三个谓语动词，强调句谓语is, 主句谓语 find，定语从句 are passed on 注意强调句句型：it is that 拆分：Both the family and the society （in which exceptional children live） are often the key（ to their growth and development.)it is in the public schools that we find the full expression （of societys understanding the know

44、ledge, hopes, and fears ）（ that are passed on to the next generation.）翻译：特殊儿童所处家庭及社会环境经常是他们成长和发展关键。 正是在公立学校里咱们感受到了社会知性充分表达传授给下一代知识、希望和恐惧。 长难句分析专题知识讲座第30页The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that a

45、ll citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. 结构：两个谓语动词：主句谓语indicates, 同位语从句谓语deserve。Shown 不是谓语动词，是过去分词做定语，修饰 interest . Whatever their special condition 是插入结构，可先忽略不看。拆分：The great interest （in exceptional children ）（shown in public educ

46、ation over the past three decades ）indicates the strong feeling （in our society）all citizens, （whatever their special conditions,） deserve the opportunity（ to fully develop their capabilities.） 翻译：过去30年间公共教育所表现出对特殊儿童巨大关注表明了存在于咱们社会中那种强烈感受，即全部公民，不论情况特殊是否，都应该得到全方面发展其能力机会。 长难句分析专题知识讲座第31页Recent court de

47、cisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or not to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. 结构：三个谓语动词: 主句谓语 have confirmed 和 have ordered, court decisions 带两个并列宾语从句。宾语从句谓语 take. disabled or not 是插入结构，先忽略不看。拆分：Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all