unit 3Daily Verbal Communication 跨文化交际复习指导资料

1、Unit 3 Daily Verbal Communication (II)2ObjectivesLearn the social functions of compliments and compliments and compliment responsesLearn the differences between Chinese and English complimentsLearn expressions of gratitude and apology in English and Chinese3 CONTENTS I. Warm-up cases II. Detailed St

2、udy:Compliments and compliment responsesSocial functions of complimentsDifferences between Chinese and English complimentsCommon response formulas of English and Chinese complimentsExpressions of gratitude and apology in English and Chinese III. Case Study IV. Summary V. Assignments4Case 1. An Invit

3、ation to DinnerI. Warm-up casesQuestion : If you were the director and chosen to mediate this situation, what would you do to ensure not to offend either party? How would you explain Barts behavior to Manual? How would you explain Manuals to Bart?CommentFor Americans, knowing how many people will at

4、tend a gathering is one of the key priorities, as it helps the host to prepare properly. However, to Filipinos, the number of guests is not very important, they usually prepare more food than enough and would not mind if there were leftovers. As well, Filipinos prefer to be together with people they

5、 know well. 5In addition, in the Philippines, the First Communion is not as important as the party that follows. For that very reason, Manuel told Bart that he would drop by later. The main problem in this case is Manuels ignorance of American customs. He did not realize that Americans pay great att

6、ention to important social gatherings, especially when their children are involved. 6For Bart, his 7-year-old daughters First Communion is very important. Inviting his colleagues to attend the gathering alongside his family members is very special. 78 As we can see, the different attitudes toward th

7、e same matter inevitably lead to misunderstandings and unhappy feelings. If the two sides could not say what was in their minds, the breach between Bart and Manuel would be wider and wider. However, if Manuel had been informed about American customs and attitudes, he could have avoided this misunder

8、standing and not hurt Barts feelings. 9Case 2. The Cancellation of the Dinner PartyComment: 1. In New Zealand, a friend can openly provide constructive criticism. Stan took this for granted, as it is a common practice among Westerners. In fact, if Stan did not make such suggestions to a friend in hi

9、s country(these suggestions are helpful in the long term), the friend would be angry that Stan did not help him when he had the chance. QuestionWhy did Jose cancel the dinner party? 2. In Philippines, however, a person cannot be a friend and a critic at the same time , or at least not in public. If

10、Stan had made those suggestions to Jose privately, most likely, Jose would not have harbored such a hostile feeling toward him. Therefore, Stan should find some other way to voice his comments, that is, way acceptable to the Filipinos (including the southeastern Asians). 1011Case 3 Why should they d

11、o like this?Comment:1.The British people maintain their etiquette and social manners even when they are very excited. 2.The Filipino couple did not introduce their Filipino friend to him 3.The Filipinos were talking in their own native language. No doubt the British felt left out, which is unaccepta

12、ble and rarely occurs on social occasions in Britain.4.When immigrants meet in a foreign country, they tend to take no notice of their surroundings/people around, which is considered to be rude and requires attention.12II. ComplimentsCompliment and Compliment ResponsesB. Social Functions of Complime

13、ntsC. Differences between Chinese and English Compliments C-1 The Semantic Formula C-2 The Syntactic FormulaD. Common Response Formulas of English and Chinese ComplimentsE. Cultural AssumptionF. Expressions of Gratitude and Apology in English and Chinese 13Compliments and Compliments Responses Fish

14、for Compliments“Growing flowers is my hobby, but Im not much good at it” -“But these flowers are beautiful.”“ I wish I could do as well!”14Fish for Compliments“ I really know little about the subject.” -“Oh, come on. I know youre an expert on Chinese art. ” “Well, I certainly dont know anybody who k

15、nows more than you do!”15Social Functions of Compliments1. Creating or reinforcing solidarity2. Greeting people3. Expressing thanks or congratulations4. Encouraging people5. Softening criticism6. Starting a conversation7. Overcoming embarrassmentSocial Functions of Compliments On behalf of all of yo

16、ur American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music. Never have

17、I heard American music played better in a foreign land. 1617Differences between Chinese and English ComplimentsW: It is common for a man to informally give a woman compliments on her looks or clothing.C: It is taken as a kind of flirtation if a man compliments a woman. 18 Chinese people compliment e

18、ach other much less frequently than westerners do. Chinese people try to draw a line between compliment and flattery Chinese people interpret others positive compliments as a request for possessing something.19The Semantic FormulaEnglish compliments: Adjectives VerbsThis was a great meal.You look so

19、 nice today.You did a good job.I like your haircut.I love your glasses.I really enjoyed your class20Chinese ComplimentsAdjectives adverbs verbsYour skirt is very pretty.This room is really good.Youre really an experienced teacher.You did the job very well.You treat people sincerely.I especially like

20、 the color of your blouse.You deserve being praised.21The Syntactic Formula NP ADJ PRO V ADV OEnglish: NP is/looks really ADJ(53%)Your blouse looks beautiful.You are so efficient. I really like/love NPI really like your hardwood floors.Thats really a beautiful car.22Chinese You V ADV You did the job

21、 well. NP is ADJ Your coat is really beautiful. PRO is ADJ NP Thats a wonderful wall calendar. PRO V O You deserve being honored. I like NP I like this picture.23Response Formulas of E and C complimentsAmerican English A: This is really a nice sweater. B: Im glad you like it. A: You did a good job.

22、B: Thank you/Thanks.Chinese: A: Your sweater is very good. B: I bought it only for ten yuan. A: You did the job very well. B: Thats the result of joint efforts./Theres still much room for improvement.24 Generally speaking, native English speakers tend to accept the compliments while the Chinese tend

23、 to efface themselves in words although they do feel comfortable about the compliments. Sometimes humorous responses could be used when with intimate friends.25Cultural Assumption“Good” refers to ones health, appearance and manner in both E and C cultures.“Losing weight” means good in E culture but

24、not good in C culture.“putting on weight” can be a compliment to Chinese but offensive to Americans26Expressions of Gratitude and ApologyThe expressions are far more frequently used in English than in Chinese.Chinese often neglect minor favors especially among friends and members of family. They thi

25、nk the expressions of gratitude and apology unnecessary and even tiresome.27Some Special Chinese ExpressionsIt doesnt matter. 没关系 Never mind. 不要紧（responses to apology）Youre welcome. 不用谢Its my pleasure. 没关系（responses to gratitude）Exercises A. Comprehension Check 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. F 8.

26、F 9. F 10. T B. Match the Euphemisms nether garments lunatic Call your carriage for you a man of bad tastePlain a prostitute Patient trousers A man of doubtful taste ugly A lady of the town ask you to go away 28Exercise E (All of the following answers apply only in the U.S.)In this situation, it wou

27、ld not be necessary to give a gift, particularly if you have been paying for the private classes with the tutor. If you like, you might bring something to the last class, such as candy or flowers. In this situation, it is definitely not an American practice to bring a gift to the supervisor. It is t

28、he supervisors job to supervise you. You have worked hard to earn the excellent review. If you gave him or her a gift, the supervisor might misunderstand. 29Exercise E (All of the following answers apply only in the U.S.)3. In this situation, a teacher would not expect a gift, but would expect you t

29、o thank him or her sincerely for the extra time spent. Most likely, the teachers reward would come from your understanding the difficult subject.4. In this situation, your co-worker does not expect a present from someone he or she doesnt know well and it might even make him or her uncomfortable to r

30、eceive one. Rather than giving individual presents, it is more usual for co-workers to buy a gift collectively. That is, each person contributes some money and one person buys a gift with the money. 30Exercise E (All of the following answers apply only in the U.S.)5. In this situation, it would be a

31、 nice gesture to give a gift to your neighbor or to invite your neighbors family over for a meal. 6. See 5. 31Exercise F Cultural Puzzles 1.a) No. You need to understand the reasons why your boss doesnt accept the gift instead of threaten him or her. b) Yes. This would show that you respect him or her. It would also show that you are open-minded. c) No. You can try to encourage the other person to accept the gift by offer